Deforestation

1. The unwise and unplanned destruction/removal of trees is called

3. Deforestation is clearing Earth‘s forests on a massive scale, often
damaging the quality of the land and related ecosystems.
•permanent end of forest cover to make that land available for
various purposes.

4. Causes of deforestation
1. Agricultural Expansion
•Man has modified natural ecosystems in such a way that environment
becomes fav. for crop growth using traditional or modern methods.
•demands for agricultural products rises, more land is brought under
cultivation and forests are cleared, grasslands, marshes, and lands
under water are reclaimed.

5. 2. Livestock Ranching/ Grazing
livestock
• Local cattle, goats, sheep etc.,
not only destroy the vegetation
but also pull out the roots of
plants.
• Statistics shows that 60-70% of
amazon forests are deforested
due to cattle ranching.
• A strong global demand for
beef, supported by governments,
is expanding this kind of
deforestation.

6. 3. Logging, or commercial logging
involves cutting trees for sale. Wood is used for several industrial
purposes, such furniture, match boxes, wooden boxes, paper etc.

7. 4. Demand for firewood
• Firewood has been used as a source of energy for cooking, heating
etc. around the world.
• Almost 44% of the total global wood produced fulfils fuel
requirements of the world.

8. 5. Urbanisation and
Developmental Projects
with the expansion of cities more
land is needed to establish
housing and settlements.
building of infrastructure in the form
of roads, railway lines, electric
supply, building dams etc.

9. 6. Mining
•Oil and Coal mining require considerable amount of forest land.
•roads and highways  make way for trucks and other equipment.
•waste from mining pollutes the environment & affects nearby species.

10. 7. Fire
•Hundreads of trees are lost
every year due to forest fires
in various portions of the
world.
•This happens due to
extreme warm summers.
•Fires whether causes by
man or nature results in huge
loss of forest cover.

11. Environmental effects of Deforestation
1. Loss of Habitat
•loss of animal and plant species due
to their loss of habitat.
•70% of land’s animals & plants live
in forests & many can’t survive.
•It has been estimated that we are
losing 137 plant, animal and insect
species every single day due to
rainforest deforestation, which
equates to 50,000 species a year.

12. 2. Increased Greenhouse Gases
•The lack of trees allows a
greater amount of greenhouse
gases (CO2, methane, nitrous
oxide etc) to be released into the
atmosphere, & increased speed
and severity of global warming.

13. 3. DISRUPTION OF WATER CYCLES
Trees play a key role in the local water cycle
by helping to keep a balance between the
water on land and water in the atmosphere.
With fewer trees left, there is less water in
the air to be returned to the soil, resulting in
changes in precipitation and river flow.

14. 4. Soil Erosion and Flooding
• Further effects of deforestation include
soil erosion and coastal flooding.
• Trees function to retain water and
topsoil, which provides the rich
nutrients to sustain additional forest
life.
• Without them, the soil erodes and
washes away leading to an accentuated
cycle of floods and drought.

15. 5. DISRUPTED LIVELIHOODS
• Millions of people around the world depend on forests for hunting,
gathering and medicine, forest products such as rubber and small-
scale agriculture.
• But deforestation disrupts the lives of these people, sometimes with
devastating consequences.

16. How to Prevent Deforestation
• through proper management.
• cooperation of industry, governments and citizens to achieve balance
between the available resources and how to sustain them.

17. • 1. Afforestation & Reforestation
• Afforestation; planting trees, or sowing
seeds, in a barren land devoid of any trees to
create a forest.
• Reforestation; specifically planting native
trees into a forest that has decreasing
numbers of trees.
• Aforestation and Conservation
in Ethiopia
• Reforestation in china

18. 2. PRACTICE THE 3 R’S
• Reduce, Reuse and Recycle to lower
the need for more raw materials from
tree
3. Organizations
• support of the organizations that manage and protect them.
• dozens of organizations working to protect forests around the globe.
• Donate small amount of money to help them fight against
deforestation.

19. Status in Pakistan
• has 4.2 million ha covered by forests, which is equivalent to 4.8
percent of the total land area.
• Forest, Wildlife & Fishries Department
• A mountain denuded of trees near Muzaffarabad remains prone to

20. • The first forest policy agenda of the Government of Pakistan was
issued in 1955.
• This policy aimed at increasing the area under forests.
• Pakistan is 8th on the list of those countries which will be affected by
global warming

22. Clean Green Pakistan/ Billion tree tsunami
•In 2018.
•target is to plant 10 billion trees in the whole country
•this campaign will continue for 5 years.

30. The unwise and unplanned destruction/removal of trees is called