The document discusses the Pell Grant program, which provides need-based grants to undergraduate students. It notes that in award year 2018-2019, there will be 7.5 million recipients receiving an average of $4,100 for a total cost of $30.6 billion. It explains that the program has both discretionary and mandatory funding components, and operates much like an entitlement in that students receive grants based on financial need rather than a capped amount of available funding. The Congressional Budget Office projects that costs will continue rising over the next decade as more students enroll in postsecondary education.
This presentation provides an overview of the major federal student aid programs (including federal direct student loans, Pell grants, and campus-based aid) provided through the Department of Education. It also briefly discusses basic budgetary issues related to those programs, including how procedures established in the Federal Credit Reform Act are used to estimate the cost of federal student loans and how the Pell grant program is supported by both discretionary and mandatory funding.
Presentation by Justin Humphrey, an analyst in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the Committee for Education Funding.
This presentation provides an overview of how CBO estimates the costs of federal student loans under the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990.
Presentation by Justin Humphrey, an analyst in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the Postsecondary National Policy Institute.
The document summarizes how the U.S. government budgets for student loan programs. It discusses the Direct Loan and Guaranteed Loan programs, the types of student loans (subsidized, unsubsidized, PLUS), and how the Congressional Budget Office estimates the costs of student loans on both a credit reform and fair value basis using accrual accounting. It provides data on CBO's projections of student loan volumes, subsidy rates, and budget outlays and authority for student loans and administration through 2027.
More money for education and no increase in the cigarette tax are two of the key highlights in the budget unveiled today by Indiana Senate Republicans.
This document summarizes a UNFPA programme review meeting in Akwa Ibom, Nigeria. It outlines the agreed activities and their implementation status, noting a 100% implementation rate for both programme and financial targets. Key results achieved include increasing the number of health facilities providing family planning services and improving data quality. Challenges included limited timelines and leadership changes, while successes included distributing medicines and increasing family planning uptake. Lessons highlight the need for early funding, improved work planning, and establishing flagship programmes at the state level. The way forward focuses on resource mobilization, advocacy, and improving planning modalities between UNFPA and implementing partners.
This presentation provides an overview of the major federal student aid programs (including federal direct student loans, Pell grants, and campus-based aid) provided through the Department of Education. It also briefly discusses basic budgetary issues related to those programs, including how procedures established in the Federal Credit Reform Act are used to estimate the cost of federal student loans and how the Pell grant program is supported by both discretionary and mandatory funding.
Presentation by Justin Humphrey, an analyst in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the Committee for Education Funding.
This presentation provides an overview of how CBO estimates the costs of federal student loans under the Federal Credit Reform Act of 1990.
Presentation by Justin Humphrey, an analyst in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at the Postsecondary National Policy Institute.
The document summarizes how the U.S. government budgets for student loan programs. It discusses the Direct Loan and Guaranteed Loan programs, the types of student loans (subsidized, unsubsidized, PLUS), and how the Congressional Budget Office estimates the costs of student loans on both a credit reform and fair value basis using accrual accounting. It provides data on CBO's projections of student loan volumes, subsidy rates, and budget outlays and authority for student loans and administration through 2027.
More money for education and no increase in the cigarette tax are two of the key highlights in the budget unveiled today by Indiana Senate Republicans.
This document summarizes a UNFPA programme review meeting in Akwa Ibom, Nigeria. It outlines the agreed activities and their implementation status, noting a 100% implementation rate for both programme and financial targets. Key results achieved include increasing the number of health facilities providing family planning services and improving data quality. Challenges included limited timelines and leadership changes, while successes included distributing medicines and increasing family planning uptake. Lessons highlight the need for early funding, improved work planning, and establishing flagship programmes at the state level. The way forward focuses on resource mobilization, advocacy, and improving planning modalities between UNFPA and implementing partners.
Impact team last mile distribution of contraceptives in nigeria (2019-2020)Joachim Chijide
Programme Implementation Report of the IMPACT Team Last Mile Distribution Intervention in Nigeria by Dr Joachim Chijide, Amaka Anene, Stephanie Joyce, Miranda Buba Gyanggyang and Aigbe Eromon
This document summarizes a programme review meeting for UNFPA's Cross River MIDC Programme in December 2017. It includes:
- An outline of agreed activities and their implementation status by output. Most activities were completed or partially completed.
- 2017 mid-year implementation rates that show the programme and financial implementation rates were both over 90%.
- Results achieved including increasing the number of health facilities providing family planning and increasing reporting on NHMIS.
- Key challenges like late receipt of funds and changes in leadership. Suggested interventions include early release of funds.
- Good practices like integrated distribution of medicines and conducting a joint data quality assessment.
- Success stories and lessons learned, and a
This document provides an overview of municipal budget structures. It discusses that a budget structure should be logical like the human skeletal structure. The document then examines different types of budget structures including subject head-based, object head-based, and function head-based structures. It also explores using a single versus multi-document budget format. Key aspects of an ideal municipal budget structure are presented, with the relationship between accounting and budgeting discussed.
Gifted education presentation for gifted advisory council 6 1-10Eric Calvert
This document summarizes gifted funding in Ohio's Evidence-Based Model of school funding. It discusses that gifted funding is now allocated based on four factors: gifted identification, gifted coordinators, gifted intervention specialists, and professional development for specialists. It provides details on how each factor is allocated and accountability measures around spending requirements. Districts must continue spending at least the same level on gifted services as when they received unit funding previously, and there will be additional expenditure standards starting in 2011, with opportunities for waivers.
Sustainable FP Financing and Agenda 2030 : Emerging Approaches and ToolsJoachim Chijide
Presentation made by Dr Joachim Chijide on Sustainable Family Planning Financing and Agenda 2030 : Emerging Approaches and Tools at the 2nd Sexual and Reproductive Health Community of Practice (SeRHCoP) Webinar, 23rd September 2021
The document provides an overview of UNFPA's family planning and reproductive health interventions and portfolio in Nigeria. It discusses national indicators showing high population growth, fertility and maternal mortality rates. Key program priorities are increasing modern contraceptive prevalence and reducing unmet need. Interventions include procuring contraceptives, strengthening the supply chain through last mile distribution, capacity building, and convening stakeholders. Challenges include needing increased funding, developing health systems and workforce capacity, and creating more demand for family planning. The document outlines proposed procurement and supply plans for 2020 from different donors to address unmet need.
This presentation presents the challenges to swing bed reimbursement and discusses swing beds vs. SNFs; readmissions; length of stay; disposition; and transitions of care programs
How HIM Supports the Seven Elements of an Effective Compliance ProgramPYA, P.C.
•An understanding of the seven elements of a robust compliance program.
This presentation offers a review of the regulatory guidance surrounding compliance programs, an identification of HIM’s role in organization compliance, and a discussion of the intersection between HIM and compliance.
Presentation by Alice Burns and Jaeger Nelson, analysts in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division and Macroeconomic Analysis Division, to the National Tax Association.
This document outlines a $1.4 billion emergency response package for North Carolina in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The package includes funding for five areas: 1) immediate public health and safety, 2) continuity of operations for education and state government services, 3) small business assistance, 4) local government assistance, and 5) transportation operations. Specific allocations are provided across six categories for public health and safety and four categories for education and government services.
CBO’s health insurance simulation model (HISIM) generates estimates of health insurance coverage and premiums for the population under age 65. HISIM is used to help develop baseline projections (which incorporate the assumption that current law generally remains the same) and also to model proposed changes in policies that affect health insurance coverage.
Currently, CBO is developing and testing a new version of HISIM to respond to continued Congressional interest in understanding the effects of legislative proposals that significantly affect health insurance coverage. The new model will be used to help develop CBO’s spring 2019 baseline projections and subsequent cost estimates.
Presentation by Jessica Banthin, Deputy Assistant Director in CBO’s Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis Division (HRLD), and Alexandra Minicozzi, Chief of HRLD’s Health Insurance Modeling Unit, to CBO’s panel of health advisers.
- West Virginia has four Continuums of Care (CoCs) that access HUD homeless funding through an annual competition. Only the Huntington/Cabell and Wayne Counties CoC received adequate funding in 2008.
- The Balance of State (BoS) CoC, which covers all non-urban counties, scored poorly (-33 points out of 100) in areas like strategic planning, data collection, and performance outcomes. As a result, it failed to obtain $1.76 million in funding available.
- To improve scores and funding, the document recommends providing training, technical assistance, and staff support to CoCs, and designating the Governor's Office of Economic Opportunity as the lead agency for the BoS
The study assessed British Columbia's Equity Capital Program, which provides tax credits to encourage early-stage investing. It found the program successfully increased early-stage capital availability, though BC still lags larger markets. The program's direct investment model was particularly effective at attracting angel investors. However, a lack of follow-on funding remains a challenge. The study concluded the program meets its objectives and its tax credit model could be expanded nationally to further support startups.
Presentation by Nadia Karamcheva, an analyst in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies Division, to the Savings and Retirement Foundation in Washington, D.C.
From 1989 to 2013, family wealth grew at significantly different rates for different segments of the U.S. population, and the distribution among the nation’s families was more unequal in 2013 than it had been in 1989.
Social Security Reform and the Joint Budget Committee ProcessMercatus Center
The document discusses Social Security reform and whether the Joint Budget Committee should attempt reform. It provides arguments for and against the JBC taking on reform. Key details include the financial challenges Social Security faces, such as a projected 2036 trust fund exhaustion date. Reforms have different scoring impacts depending on whether they advantage or disadvantage a 10-year view.
Leg finance presentation: FY21/22 Fiscal Update (10.02.2020)Brad Keithley
This document summarizes Alaska's fiscal situation and budget outlook for FY2021 and FY2022. For FY2021, it notes some budget issues like shortfalls in revenue for agencies due to COVID-19 and incomplete capital appropriations. For FY2022, it presents two potential budget scenarios based on current law (with a $3,100 PFD) and current policy (with a $1,000 PFD), finding deficits of $2.4 billion and $902.6 million respectively under 10/2/20 revenue projections. Key factors like fund balances, statewide appropriations, and agency operations are also outlined.
This document provides an overview and strategies for advocacy related to appropriations for the National Association of Development Organizations (NADO) conference. It discusses the recent completion of the FY22 appropriations process and priorities for FY23 funding requests, including $50M for EDA/EDD Partnership Planning Funding and $18M for ARC/Local Development Districts. It outlines action plans for advocacy meetings, including stressing local impacts and following up after meetings.
This document provides a summary of Houston Community College's operating statements and fund balances for the period of September 1, 2013 to October 31, 2013. Key highlights include state appropriations being 7.1% lower than the previous year, total revenues of $62.7 million year-to-date, salaries expenses being 4.2% higher than last year totaling $29.8 million, and a total fund balance of $340.7 million as of October 31, 2013 across various funds. Budget priorities funding of $14.7 million has been allocated for the fiscal year.
The document provides financial information for Houston Community College System for the period of September 1, 2013 through May 31, 2014. It includes a discussion of revenues and expenditures, highlighting that total revenues are projected to be $293 million, which is 2.3% above budget, while expenditures are projected to be $303 million. Salaries are projected to be $170 million, which is 4% above the previous year. Contracted services are projected to be $27 million, which is 10.4% above the previous year.
Impact team last mile distribution of contraceptives in nigeria (2019-2020)Joachim Chijide
Programme Implementation Report of the IMPACT Team Last Mile Distribution Intervention in Nigeria by Dr Joachim Chijide, Amaka Anene, Stephanie Joyce, Miranda Buba Gyanggyang and Aigbe Eromon
This document summarizes a programme review meeting for UNFPA's Cross River MIDC Programme in December 2017. It includes:
- An outline of agreed activities and their implementation status by output. Most activities were completed or partially completed.
- 2017 mid-year implementation rates that show the programme and financial implementation rates were both over 90%.
- Results achieved including increasing the number of health facilities providing family planning and increasing reporting on NHMIS.
- Key challenges like late receipt of funds and changes in leadership. Suggested interventions include early release of funds.
- Good practices like integrated distribution of medicines and conducting a joint data quality assessment.
- Success stories and lessons learned, and a
This document provides an overview of municipal budget structures. It discusses that a budget structure should be logical like the human skeletal structure. The document then examines different types of budget structures including subject head-based, object head-based, and function head-based structures. It also explores using a single versus multi-document budget format. Key aspects of an ideal municipal budget structure are presented, with the relationship between accounting and budgeting discussed.
Gifted education presentation for gifted advisory council 6 1-10Eric Calvert
This document summarizes gifted funding in Ohio's Evidence-Based Model of school funding. It discusses that gifted funding is now allocated based on four factors: gifted identification, gifted coordinators, gifted intervention specialists, and professional development for specialists. It provides details on how each factor is allocated and accountability measures around spending requirements. Districts must continue spending at least the same level on gifted services as when they received unit funding previously, and there will be additional expenditure standards starting in 2011, with opportunities for waivers.
Sustainable FP Financing and Agenda 2030 : Emerging Approaches and ToolsJoachim Chijide
Presentation made by Dr Joachim Chijide on Sustainable Family Planning Financing and Agenda 2030 : Emerging Approaches and Tools at the 2nd Sexual and Reproductive Health Community of Practice (SeRHCoP) Webinar, 23rd September 2021
The document provides an overview of UNFPA's family planning and reproductive health interventions and portfolio in Nigeria. It discusses national indicators showing high population growth, fertility and maternal mortality rates. Key program priorities are increasing modern contraceptive prevalence and reducing unmet need. Interventions include procuring contraceptives, strengthening the supply chain through last mile distribution, capacity building, and convening stakeholders. Challenges include needing increased funding, developing health systems and workforce capacity, and creating more demand for family planning. The document outlines proposed procurement and supply plans for 2020 from different donors to address unmet need.
This presentation presents the challenges to swing bed reimbursement and discusses swing beds vs. SNFs; readmissions; length of stay; disposition; and transitions of care programs
How HIM Supports the Seven Elements of an Effective Compliance ProgramPYA, P.C.
•An understanding of the seven elements of a robust compliance program.
This presentation offers a review of the regulatory guidance surrounding compliance programs, an identification of HIM’s role in organization compliance, and a discussion of the intersection between HIM and compliance.
Presentation by Alice Burns and Jaeger Nelson, analysts in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division and Macroeconomic Analysis Division, to the National Tax Association.
This document outlines a $1.4 billion emergency response package for North Carolina in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The package includes funding for five areas: 1) immediate public health and safety, 2) continuity of operations for education and state government services, 3) small business assistance, 4) local government assistance, and 5) transportation operations. Specific allocations are provided across six categories for public health and safety and four categories for education and government services.
CBO’s health insurance simulation model (HISIM) generates estimates of health insurance coverage and premiums for the population under age 65. HISIM is used to help develop baseline projections (which incorporate the assumption that current law generally remains the same) and also to model proposed changes in policies that affect health insurance coverage.
Currently, CBO is developing and testing a new version of HISIM to respond to continued Congressional interest in understanding the effects of legislative proposals that significantly affect health insurance coverage. The new model will be used to help develop CBO’s spring 2019 baseline projections and subsequent cost estimates.
Presentation by Jessica Banthin, Deputy Assistant Director in CBO’s Health, Retirement, and Long-Term Analysis Division (HRLD), and Alexandra Minicozzi, Chief of HRLD’s Health Insurance Modeling Unit, to CBO’s panel of health advisers.
- West Virginia has four Continuums of Care (CoCs) that access HUD homeless funding through an annual competition. Only the Huntington/Cabell and Wayne Counties CoC received adequate funding in 2008.
- The Balance of State (BoS) CoC, which covers all non-urban counties, scored poorly (-33 points out of 100) in areas like strategic planning, data collection, and performance outcomes. As a result, it failed to obtain $1.76 million in funding available.
- To improve scores and funding, the document recommends providing training, technical assistance, and staff support to CoCs, and designating the Governor's Office of Economic Opportunity as the lead agency for the BoS
The study assessed British Columbia's Equity Capital Program, which provides tax credits to encourage early-stage investing. It found the program successfully increased early-stage capital availability, though BC still lags larger markets. The program's direct investment model was particularly effective at attracting angel investors. However, a lack of follow-on funding remains a challenge. The study concluded the program meets its objectives and its tax credit model could be expanded nationally to further support startups.
Presentation by Nadia Karamcheva, an analyst in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies Division, to the Savings and Retirement Foundation in Washington, D.C.
From 1989 to 2013, family wealth grew at significantly different rates for different segments of the U.S. population, and the distribution among the nation’s families was more unequal in 2013 than it had been in 1989.
Social Security Reform and the Joint Budget Committee ProcessMercatus Center
The document discusses Social Security reform and whether the Joint Budget Committee should attempt reform. It provides arguments for and against the JBC taking on reform. Key details include the financial challenges Social Security faces, such as a projected 2036 trust fund exhaustion date. Reforms have different scoring impacts depending on whether they advantage or disadvantage a 10-year view.
Leg finance presentation: FY21/22 Fiscal Update (10.02.2020)Brad Keithley
This document summarizes Alaska's fiscal situation and budget outlook for FY2021 and FY2022. For FY2021, it notes some budget issues like shortfalls in revenue for agencies due to COVID-19 and incomplete capital appropriations. For FY2022, it presents two potential budget scenarios based on current law (with a $3,100 PFD) and current policy (with a $1,000 PFD), finding deficits of $2.4 billion and $902.6 million respectively under 10/2/20 revenue projections. Key factors like fund balances, statewide appropriations, and agency operations are also outlined.
This document provides an overview and strategies for advocacy related to appropriations for the National Association of Development Organizations (NADO) conference. It discusses the recent completion of the FY22 appropriations process and priorities for FY23 funding requests, including $50M for EDA/EDD Partnership Planning Funding and $18M for ARC/Local Development Districts. It outlines action plans for advocacy meetings, including stressing local impacts and following up after meetings.
This document provides a summary of Houston Community College's operating statements and fund balances for the period of September 1, 2013 to October 31, 2013. Key highlights include state appropriations being 7.1% lower than the previous year, total revenues of $62.7 million year-to-date, salaries expenses being 4.2% higher than last year totaling $29.8 million, and a total fund balance of $340.7 million as of October 31, 2013 across various funds. Budget priorities funding of $14.7 million has been allocated for the fiscal year.
The document provides financial information for Houston Community College System for the period of September 1, 2013 through May 31, 2014. It includes a discussion of revenues and expenditures, highlighting that total revenues are projected to be $293 million, which is 2.3% above budget, while expenditures are projected to be $303 million. Salaries are projected to be $170 million, which is 4% above the previous year. Contracted services are projected to be $27 million, which is 10.4% above the previous year.
The document provides an overview of the Pell Grant program, which is the largest federal postsecondary student aid grant program, projected to provide over $28 billion in grants to 7.5 million students in award year 2017-2018. It explains the sources of funding for Pell Grants including discretionary appropriations, mandatory funding to supplement discretionary amounts, and a mandatory add-on to cover the difference between the discretionary award amount and total maximum award. The document also discusses how Pell Grants are treated similarly to entitlement programs in CBO's cost estimates and how funding shortfalls and surpluses are handled.
The document discusses proposed legislation called the Gainful Employment (GE) program. The GE program aims to increase information available to students on costs and earnings of educational programs. It would determine program eligibility for federal student aid based on debt-to-earnings ratios and cohort default rates calculated at the program level. The proposal outlines how these measures would be calculated and defines thresholds for "failing", "zone", and "passing" programs. The document expresses concerns that the implementation timeline is rushed and may have unintended consequences.
The document summarizes the Groton Central School District's 2008-09 budget proposal. It outlines priorities like maintaining facilities, improving student performance, and fiscal stability. It also details anticipated revenues, expenditures, and tax impacts. The budget proposes a 4.78% operational increase and seeks voter approval for bus purchases and to establish a building capital reserve fund.
This document summarizes key points from an annual conference on GASB 75 requirements for other post-employment benefits (OPEB) reporting. Some of the main topics discussed include: changes to the frequency and content of OPEB financial reporting; differences from prior GASB 45 requirements including more frequent actuarial valuations and measurements; considerations for "off year" updates and lookback valuations; disclosure requirements and sample financial statement notes; and assumptions like discount rates, healthcare trends, and participation rates that significantly impact OPEB liability calculations. The presentation also covers issues like the Cadillac tax, funding policy implications, and risks to consider in OPEB plan management and reporting.
Pension & OPEB Funding Strategies for Illinois Public PlansJim van Iwaarden
This document summarizes a presentation on pension and other post-employment benefits (OPEB) for public agencies. It discusses:
- The two main categories of retirement benefits - pensions and OPEB like healthcare
- Why these benefits are important and facing growing costs for governments
- Differences between accounting measurements and funding levels for pensions and OPEB
- Key considerations and challenges for funding pensions adequately and establishing OPEB trusts
- Potential outlook with proposals to reform public safety pensions in Illinois and increased scrutiny on assumptions.
This document provides a summary of Houston Community College's operating statements and fund balances for the period of September 1, 2013 through July 31, 2014. It discusses revenues, expenditures, budget priorities funding, and projected fiscal year end balances. Total revenues are projected to be slightly above budget while expenditures are projected to be within budget. Key revenue sources like state appropriations and property taxes are below budget projections but tuition/fees are higher than anticipated. Expenditures are higher than the prior year mainly due to salary increases, higher benefits costs, and increased spending on contracted services and instructional materials. The overall fund balance is projected to increase from the prior fiscal year.
- Retirement Solution Group (RSG) is a retirement plan consulting firm that administers over 300 plans and provides fiduciary services and plan design solutions.
- RSG presented on plan design strategies including case studies showing how they customized plans for clients through approaches like cross-tested profit sharing, safe harbor 401(k) matches, and defined benefit overlays.
- RSG also discussed fiduciary responsibilities, benchmarking plans, and ensuring compliance with regulations. They emphasized the importance of having a specialized consultant to customize a plan for an organization's unique needs and objectives.
The document provides a summary of operating statements for Houston Community College System for the period of September 1, 2013 through June 30, 2014. Total revenues were $278 million year-to-date, with state appropriations of $56 million and ad valorem taxes of $111 million making up the largest sources of funding. Total expenses were $237 million year-to-date, with the largest expenses being salaries of $139 million and benefits of $15 million. The budget priorities for the year included $14.7 million for items like new faculty positions and security upgrades.
The document provides a summary of operating statements for Houston Community College System for the period of September 1, 2013 through June 30, 2014. Total revenues were $278 million year-to-date, with state appropriations of $56 million and ad valorem taxes of $111 million making up the largest sources of funding. Total expenses were $237 million year-to-date, with the largest expenses being salaries of $139 million and benefits of $15 million. The budget priorities for the year included $14.7 million for items like new faculty positions and security upgrades.
The presentation summarizes the services provided by Retirement Solution Group (RSG), a retirement plan consulting firm. RSG administers over 300 plans with over $150 million in assets and provides fiduciary services, investment management, and participant education. Case studies are presented showing how RSG has helped clients optimize contributions, pass non-discrimination testing, and maximize tax deductions through customized plan designs like safe harbor matches, cross-tested profit sharing, and defined benefit overlays.
Presentation by Damien Moore, CBO’s Assistant Director for Financial Analysis, at the Research Seminar in Quantitative Economics.
The Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is a government-owned corporation responsible for insuring the benefits of 41 million people who participate in defined benefit pension plans provided by private employers. About 10 million of those participants are covered by plans offered by groups of employers; such plans are insured by PBGC’s multiemployer program. That program has drawn increased scrutiny from policymakers in recent years because of the high likelihood that it will not be able to meet all of its insurance obligations, potentially causing participants to lose insured benefits or putting pressure on the government to provide PBGC with greater federal resources. CBO has projected the claims on PBGC’s multiemployer program—which are likely to be relatively small in the coming decade but are projected to be much larger in the following decade—and has analyzed options for improving the program’s finances.
This presentation was made by Mutita Somana, Thailand, at the 14th OECD-Asian Senior Budget Officials Meeting held in Bangkok, Thailand, on 13-14 December 2018
This document provides an unaudited summary of operating statements for Houston Community College System and Public Facility Corporation for the period of September 1, 2013 through August 31, 2014. Total revenues were $293.8 million, 1.6% above the previous year. State appropriations were lower than last year but ad valorem tax collections were higher than budgeted. Total expenses were $281.7 million, 4.3% above last year primarily due to increases in salaries, contracted services, instructional materials and capital outlay. The overall fund balance increased from $339.1 million to $359.8 million.
The document provides information on the JWB FY13/14 budget, including:
1) Projections for revenues and expenses in FY13/14 with a projected $4.7 million gap without use of the Program Stability Fund.
2) Details on changes to revenue sources like Intergovernmental Transfers (IGTs) and interest income as well as increases to property values and millage rates.
3) Areas where program expenses are increasing like Quality Child Care and new initiatives, and decreasing like Safety Net slots.
4) Increases to administration expenses for merit/cost of living adjustments and technology upgrades.
5) Breakdowns of budget amounts by focus area like Stable and N
With all of the changes going on in the pension world, pension plan sponsors want to better understand the recently updated mortality table and its impact for funding and accounting, further increases to PBGC premiums, extension of HATFA funding relief, and new granular accounting methodologies. This 45 minute Findley Davies recorded webinar will address the impact of these pension world changes on your organization as you make decisions for 2016.
Small business owners have several options for establishing a retirement plan for their employees. The document discusses the need for retirement planning and outlines various plan types including defined benefit pensions, 401(k) plans, SEP-IRAs, and SIMPLE IRAs. It provides details on eligibility requirements, contribution limits, tax benefits and administration considerations for small business retirement plans. UBS Financial Services can help business owners evaluate their options and set up a plan that meets their needs.
This document discusses proposed changes to GASB 45 rules for reporting other post-employment benefits (OPEB). It covers the motivation for changes due to criticisms of GASB 45, an overview of the key proposed changes including bringing the unfunded liability to the balance sheet and using a single discount rate, preparations districts can make, and a timeline for implementation. The proposed changes would substantially revise OPEB accounting and reporting to be more similar to the new pension reporting rules.
Presentation by Julie Topoleski, CBO’s Director of Labor, Income Security, and Long-Term Analysis, at the 16th Annual Meeting of the OECD Working Party of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions.
Presentation by Rebecca Sachs and Joshua Varcie, analysts in CBO’s Health Analysis Division, at the 13th Annual Conference of the American Society of Health Economists.
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
Presentation by Mark Hadley, CBO's Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel, at the 2nd NABO-OECD Annual Conference of Asian Parliamentary Budget Officials.
Presentation by Daria Pelech, an analyst in CBO’s Health Analysis Division, at the Center for Health Insurance Reform McCourt School of Public Policy, Georgetown University.
This slide deck highlights CBO’s key findings about the outlook for the economy as described in its new report, The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2024 to 2034.
Presentation by CBO analysts Rebecca Heller, Shannon Mok, and James Pearce, and Census Bureau research economist Jonathan Rothbaum at the American Economic Association Annual Meeting, Committee on Economic Statistics.
Presentation by Eric J. Labs, an analyst in CBO’s National Security Division, at the Bank of America 2024 Defense Outlook and Commercial Aerospace Forum.
Presentation by Elizabeth Ash, William Carrington, Rebecca Heller, and Grace Hwang of CBO’s Labor, Income Security, and Long-Term Analysis and Health Analysis divisions to the Children’s Health Group, American Academy of Pediatrics.
2. 1
CBO
Presentation Overview
Pell Grant Program Overview
Components of Funding for Pell Grants
How Pell Grants Are Like Entitlements
Program Costs and Funding
CBO’s Baseline Projections Versus Program Costs
3. 2
CBO
Pell Grant Program Overview
The Pell grant program is the largest federal postsecondary student aid
grant program.
– Recipients must be undergraduate students who have never
received a bachelor’s degree (with some exceptions).
– Eligibility and award amounts are based on a student’s income and
assets (or, for students who are dependents, their parents’ income
and assets).
Program Projections for Award Year (AY) 2018–2019
(based on CBO’s April 2018 baseline):
– 7.5 million Pell grant recipients
– Total maximum award of $6,095
– Average award of about $4,100
– Total federal spending of $30.6 billion
4. 3
CBO
Components of Funding for Pell Grants
Discretionary Funding
– Budget authority is provided by the Congress to support the Pell
grant program.
– The maximum award for the discretionary component of the
program (currently $5,035, up from $4,860 in AY 2017–2018) is
set in the annual appropriation act.
Mandatory-for-Discretionary Pell Funding
– A specified amount of mandatory budget authority is available to
supplement funding for the discretionary portion of the Pell grant
program, as provided in the Higher Education Act (HEA).
Mandatory Add-On
– An unlimited amount of mandatory budget authority, the “mandatory
add-on,” is available to cover the difference between the total
maximum award and the discretionary maximum award set in an
appropriation act.
– AY 2018–2019
Total maximum award = $6,095; mandatory add-on = $1,060
DiscretionaryMandatory
5. 4
CBO
How Pell Grants Are Like Entitlements
Program Costs
– Number of Pell Recipients × Average Award Amount
Funding Shortfalls and Surpluses
– The difference between discretionary program costs and available
budget authority (through both discretionary appropriations and the
mandatory-for-discretionary funding provided in the HEA) creates
either a discretionary shortfall or a surplus.
– The Pell program has had a discretionary surplus over the past
six years, estimated at $7.4 billion at the end of AY 2018–2019.
Pell Scoring Rule
– Even if appropriations do not provide enough budget authority to
fund Pell grants in the upcoming fiscal year, CBO’s estimates for the
appropriation bill include the full costs of the program.
– In its cost estimates for appropriation bills, CBO uses budget
authority (adjusted for shortfalls or surpluses) or program costs—
whichever amount is higher.
6. 5
CBO
Discretionary Program Costs and Funding,
2006–2018
Pell Grant Program, Discretionary: Cumulative Shortfall/Surplus - CBO's April 2018 Baseline
(Budget authority, program costs, and outlays in millions of dollars, by fiscal year)
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Regular Discretionary Appropriation
a
13,045 13,661 14,215 17,288 17,495 22,956 22,824 22,778 22,778 22,475 22,475 21,165 22,475
Additional Fundingb
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) 0 0 0 15,640 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Healthcare and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 0 0 0 0 0 13,500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
DOD and Full-Year Cont. Appropiations. Act of 2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 3,183 0 0 0 0 1,060 1,125
Budget Control Act of 2011 0 0 0 0 0 0 10,000 7,000 0 0 0 0 0
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2012 0 0 0 0 0 0 612 587 588 0 0 514 257
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -254 0
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 -48
Total Budget Authority for Discretionary Program 13,045 13,661 14,215 32,928 17,495 36,456 36,619 30,365 23,366 22,475 22,475 22,485 23,809
Previous Year Shortfall/Surplus 220 -818 -2,657 3,427 -9,569 -1,909 7,198 11,082 9,128 8,242 8,929 8,037
Total Available Budget Authority 13,045 13,881 13,397 30,271 20,922 26,887 34,710 37,563 34,448 31,603 30,717 31,414 31,846
Estimated Program Costsa
12,825 14,699 16,054 26,844 30,491 28,796 27,512 26,481 25,320 23,361 21,788 23,377 24,436
Cumulative Surplus (+)/Shortfall (-)
c
220 -818 -2,657 3,427 -9,569 -1,909 7,198 11,082 9,128 8,242 8,929 8,037 7,410
Estimated Surplus going into Fiscal Year 2019 7,410
c. The cumulative shortfall or surplus in budget authority is calculated under the Pell scoring rule, as specified in section 406 of the 2006 budget resolution (H. Con. Res. 95).
b. Most of the additional budget authority provided to support the discretionary program is classified as mandatory. Beginning in 2011, the total amount of additional funding can be found in section 401(b)7(A)(iv)
of the Higher Education Act of 1965. That budget authority is used to augment the funding provided in annual appropriations for the discretionary Pell grant program.
a. Regular Discretionary Appropriation includes any rescissions. The 2018 appropriation level and estimated program costs incorporate the effects of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141),
as signed by the President on March 23, 2018.
7. 6
CBO
Funding for the Pell Grant Program, 2018DiscretionaryMandatory
Maximum Award: $5,035
Estimated Program Costs for Maximum Award $24.4 billion
Regular Appropriation $22.5 billion
Specified Mandatory Funding for Discretionary Awards $1.3 billion
Total New Funding Available $23.8 billion
Drawdown of Surplus $0.6 billion
Add-On to Maximum Award: $1,060
Estimated Program Costs for Mandatory Add-On $6.1 billion
Funding from Indefinite Mandatory Appropriation $6.1 billion
Total
Total Maximum Award: $6,095
Estimated Program Costs $30.6 billion
Available Funding (including cumulative surplus) $37.9 billion
8. 7
CBO
Total Program Costs, 2018–2028
Pell Grant Program, Discretionary and Mandatory Program Costs - CBO April 2018 Baseline
(Budget authority, program costs, and outlays in millions of dollars, by fiscal year)
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2018-2023 2018-2028
Discretionary Pell Grant Program
Assumed Discretionary Maximum Award Levela
$5,035 $5,035 $5,035 $5,035 $5,035 $5,035 $5,035 $5,035 $5,035 $5,035 $5,035
Total Spending for Discretionary Pell Grants
Estimated Program Costs 24,436 24,587 24,984 25,490 26,116 26,501 27,091 27,812 28,460 29,265 30,081 152,114 294,824
Estimated Outlays 23,649 24,466 24,693 25,117 25,654 26,214 26,656 27,280 27,980 28,671 29,477 149,793 289,857
Mandatory Pell Grant Program
Mandatory Add-on Awardb
$1,060 $1,060 $1,060 $1,060 $1,060 $1,060 $1,060 $1,060 $1,060 $1,060 $1,060
Total Spending for Mandatory Pell Grant Addon
Estimated Program Costs 6,148 6,190 6,315 6,434 6,559 6,623 6,733 6,875 7,005 7,162 7,317 38,270 73,361
Estimated Outlays 6,026 6,158 6,223 6,346 6,467 6,575 6,652 6,770 6,908 7,046 7,202 37,795 72,374
Total Pell Grant Program
Total Maximum Award $6,095 $6,095 $6,095 $6,095 $6,095 $6,095 $6,095 $6,095 $6,095 $6,095 $6,095
Total Spending for Pell Grants
Estimated Program Costs 30,584 30,777 31,300 31,924 32,676 33,124 33,824 34,687 35,465 36,427 37,399 190,384 368,185
Estimated Outlays 29,675 30,624 30,916 31,463 32,121 32,789 33,308 34,050 34,889 35,717 36,680 187,588 362,231
Total Projected Recipients (in thousands) 7,480 7,490 7,620 7,770 7,960 8,070 8,200 8,380 8,560 8,770 9,000
Note: Table incorporates the effects of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141), as signed by the President on March 23, 2018.
b. Under current law, the amount of the mandatory add-on for each year over the 2018-2028 period is the same as the amount in award year 2017-2018, which was published by the Department of Education in a Dear
Colleague Letter on October 18, 2016.
a. The maximum award level for the discretionary portion of the Pell grant program is set each year in the annual appropriation act. In the most recently enacted appropriation act, the award level was set at $5,035.
9. 8
CBO
CBO’s Baseline Projections Versus Program Costs
Discretionary Baseline Projection
– Constructed like all other discretionary programs
– Projected as current budget authority plus an increase for inflation
– Does not reflect a projection of future program costs
Discretionary Program Costs
– Estimated on the basis of projected changes in the number of
recipients and their award levels
– Incorporated an assumption of a $5,035 discretionary maximum
award in all years
Mandatory Baseline Projection
– Projected as mandatory program costs
– Incorporated an assumption of a $5,035 discretionary maximum
award in all years
DiscretionaryMandatory
Because of the rules governing baseline projections, CBO’s
discretionary baseline is not a prediction of program costs.
10. 9
CBO
Discretionary Program Costs and CBO’s Baseline,
2018–2028
Pell Grant Program, Discretionary: Program Costs and Baseline - CBO's April 2018 Baseline
(Budget authority, program costs, and outlays in millions of dollars, by fiscal year)
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
BUDGET AUTHORITY NEEDED TO SUPPORT A MAXIMUM AWARD OF $5,035 AND AVAILABLE FUNDING
Estimated Program Cost for $5,035 Maximum Award 24,587 24,984 25,490 26,116 26,501 27,091 27,812 28,460 29,265 30,081
Cumulative Surplus for 2006-2017a
7,410 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mandatory-for-Discretionary Budget Authorityb
1,409 1,430 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,145
Total Additional Budget Authority Neededc
15,768 23,554 24,345 24,971 25,356 25,946 26,667 27,315 28,120 28,936
2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
COMPONENTS OF PELL GRANT PROGRAM, DISCRETIONARY BASELINE
Maximum awardd
$5,035 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---
Regular Appropriation d
Budget Authority 22,475 22,925 23,396 23,913 24,430 24,947 25,509 26,049 26,588 27,150 27,712
Estimated Outlays 22,336 25,044 28,614 23,605 24,048 24,565 25,094 25,649 26,189 26,734 27,296
Mandatory Funding b
Budget Authority 1,334 1,409 1,430 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,145
Estimated Outlays 1,311 1,354 1,414 1,353 1,148 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,145 1,145
Total Funding Available for Discretionary Pell Program
Budget Authority 23,809 24,334 24,826 25,058 25,575 26,092 26,654 27,194 27,733 28,295 28,857
Estimated Outlays 23,647 26,398 30,028 24,958 25,196 25,710 26,239 26,794 27,334 27,879 28,441
Note: Table incorporates the effects of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 (P.L. 115-141), as signed by the President on March 23, 2018.
a. The cumulative shortfall or surplus in budget authority is calculated under the Pell scoring rule, as specified in section 406 of the 2006 budget resolution (H. Con. Res. 95).
d. The Pell grant program is primarily a discretionary program, with an annual appropriation supporting a maximum award level set in the annual appropriations act. CBO's April 2018 baseline does not represent a projection of
expected costs for the Pell grant program. As with all other discretionary programs, the budget authority is calculated by inflating the budget authority appropriated for fiscal year 2018. Outlays for future years are based on those
levels of budget authority. In the most recently enacted appropriations act, the maximum award was set at $5,035.
b. Mandatory budget authority available to supplement funding for the discretionary portion of the Pell grant program, provided in section 401(b)7(A)(iv) of the Higher Education Act of 1965.
c. Estimated budget authority needed to support a maximum award level of $5,035 under the Pell scoring rule, as specified in section 406 of the 2006 budget resolution (H. Con. Res. 95)
11. 10
CBO
For supplemental data on the Pell Grant program, see Congressional
Budget Office, “Student Loan Programs— April 2018 Baseline”
(April 2018), www.cbo.gov/publication/51310.
Additional Information
12. 11
CBO
The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2017, and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018, changed the
mandatory-for-discretionary funding amounts for fiscal year 2017 and fiscal year 2018, respectively.
Appendix I: Mandatory-for-Discretionary Funding
$1,320,000,000
$1,334,000,000
14. 13
CBO
Appendix III: Pell Scoring Rule
The Congressional budget resolution for fiscal year 2006
included a rule under which appropriations bills for the Pell
Grant program are scored by the Congressional Budget Office
for the estimated cost of the program for that year [adjusted for
the cumulative shortfall/surplus], regardless of the amount
actually appropriated. In years where the appropriation
exceeds the program cost as estimated at the beginning of the
subsequent fiscal year, any surplus is available to reduce the
appropriation needed to support that subsequent year’s
program costs. Conversely, in years where the appropriation is
lower than the updated estimated program cost, the difference
is automatically scored against the subsequent year’s
appropriation.
—Department of Education