This presentation highlights pedagogy learning theory

1. PEDAGOGY
LEARNING
THEORY
Dr Akshay Shetty
Associate Professor
Department of Panchakarma
SSRAMC & H Inchal

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Contents
Objectives
Definition of Education according to WHO
Spiral of Curriculum
Psychology of learning
Pedagogy learning theory
Summary
References
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Objectives
By the end of the presentation the
learners must be able to
• Define Education according to WHO
• Recall Spiral of Curriculum
• Discuss Psychology of learning
• Illustrate pedagogy of learning
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• Education is defined as a continuous process, that
brings about desirable changes in the behaviour of
learners on a relatively permanent basis by way of
increasing knowledge, improving skills, and
developing attitudes / vales / communication.
• This definition gives a comprehensive overview of
education as a theory, and its contextual applications.
It qualifies ‘education’ with two attributes – it is a
process, and it is continuous
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Learning
Objectives
Teaching &
Learning
Methods
Assesment
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There are three major theories of learning that are
significant in the health professions’ education –
• Behaviourism
• Cognitivism
• Constructivism
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Human behaviour as determined by the individual's
interactions with one's environment. and argued
that learning is predicated on the environmental
information one receives from one's surroundings.
This can be explained with a simple concept of
stimulus – response equation, which is predictable.
A common example of behaviourism is positive
reinforcement. A student gets a small treat if they
get 100% on their spelling test. In the future,
students work hard and study for their test in order
to get the reward.
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• Cognitivism on the other hand, focuses on mental processes,
including how people perceive, think, remember, learn,
solve problems, and direct their attention to one stimulus
rather than another. As against behaviourism, cognitivism
focuses on the processes involved in learning rather than on
the observed behaviour, and that learning was NOT simply a
reaction to a stimulus.
• Encouraging discussions about what is being taught. Helping
students explore and understand how ideas are connected.
Asking students to justify and explain their thinking. Using
visualizations to improve students' understanding and recall.
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• Constructivism refers to the idea that learners construct
knowledge for themselves; each learner individually and
socially constructs meaning, as he or she learns.
• This stream of psychology asserts that people base their
learning upon their experiences. Learning in constructivism is
dependent on two key principles – accommodation, and
assimilation.
• Assimilating causes individuals to incorporate new experiences
into the old experiences, so that they develop new outlooks,
and evaluate what is important, so as to modify their
perceptions.
• Accommodation, on the other hand, is reframing the world and
new experiences into the mental capacity already present
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• “Four Stages for Learning Any New
Skill”, the theory was developed at the
Gordon Training International.
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Donald Kirkpatrick designed a comprehensive structure with four essential levels to
climb to have a full well-rounded view of the program:
• Level 1 – reaction
• Level 2 – Learning or knowledge
• Level 3 – Performance or behaviour
• Level 4 – Outcomes or result
(Bullock et al, 2014)
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• Dreyfus model of skill acquisition describes how skills are acquired by
way of formal instruction and practicing. This model was proposed by
Stuart and Hubert Dreyfus in a report for the United States Air Force.
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• Bloom and associates categorised learning under three distinct, but largely overlapping
areas, which they termed as Domains.
• As they were from psychology background, the terms that they used stemmed from
their professional moorings.
They classified learning into –
• Knowledge area, which they called Cognitive Domain
• Skill area, which they called Psychomotor Domain
• Stretched area that encompassed values, attitudes, communication, among others,
which they called Affective Domain
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Summary
Define
Education
according
to WHO
Recall
Spiral of
Curriculu
m
Discuss
Psycholog
y of
learning
Illustrate
pedagogy
of
learning
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References
• Handbook for Short Course in Educational Methodology, RGUHS
Academic & Administrative Training Institute (RAATI)
• https://www.wgu.edu/blog/what-behavioral-learning-theory2005.ht
ml#:~:text=Behaviorism%20focuses%20on%20the%20idea,very%20li
ttle%20influence%20on%20behavior
.
• https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpresent5.co
m%2Fthree-domains-of-blooms-taxonomy-major%2F&psig=AOvVaw2
0uH264UXhfhfWFzZj4vya&ust=1614591796129000&source=images&
cd=vfe&ved=0CA0QjhxqFwoTCNCtubqljO8CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
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Thank You
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