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PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Dr. Anand Kumar, Assistant Professor, School of Life & Basic Sciences, Jaipur National University
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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify DNA sequences. It was developed by Kary Mullis in 1983 and has become a common technique used in medical and biological research. Mullis received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 for his work on PCR. PCR involves denaturing DNA, annealing primers to the DNA, and extending the primers to replicate the DNA in multiple cycles, exponentially amplifying any specific DNA region. There are various types of PCR including conventional PCR, multiplex PCR, nested PCR, quantitative PCR, and real-time PCR which have various applications such as disease diagnosis, DNA sequencing, and phylogeny analysis.
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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify small amounts of DNA across multiple cycles of heating and cooling. It employs DNA polymerase to make millions of copies of a target DNA sequence. During each cycle, the double-stranded DNA is denatured into single strands, then primers anneal and polymerase extends the strands to duplicate the target. This allows even very small initial amounts of DNA to be analyzed. PCR was invented in 1983 and revolutionized genetic research and forensic analysis by enabling rapid amplification of DNA.
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique developed by Kary Mullis that amplifies a specific sequence of DNA to generate multiple copies of that sequence. PCR involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample to separate and copy the DNA strands. Each cycle doubles the number of target sequences. Key components of PCR include primers that define the target sequence, DNA polymerase, dNTPs, and buffer solution. PCR has many applications in research, forensics, medicine, and more by allowing scientists to easily make millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence.
Polymerase chain reaction
PCR is a technique used to amplify small amounts of DNA across multiple cycles. It involves denaturing DNA into single strands, annealing primers to the single strands, and extending the primers to synthesize new DNA using a heat-resistant DNA polymerase. Kary Mullis invented PCR in 1983, allowing scientists to exponentially amplify DNA for analysis. It is now widely used in medical research, forensics, and other applications requiring DNA analysis.
Polymerase chain reaction
The document describes polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique used to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. PCR requires a DNA template, DNA polymerase enzyme, primers, nucleotides, and magnesium ions. It works by cycling between heating and cooling steps to denature the DNA, anneal primers, and extend the DNA. PCR can amplify very small amounts of DNA and is widely used in applications like pathogen detection, DNA fingerprinting, and molecular archaeology. Real-time PCR monitors fluorescence during amplification to quantify DNA at each cycle.
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biotechnologist report about biology-cv.pptx
This document provides an overview of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis techniques. It discusses the basic principles and practical applications of PCR, including DNA amplification, temperature cycling, and primer design. The document also reviews the history and development of PCR by Kary Mullis. It explains the three main steps of the PCR process - denaturation, annealing and extension. Additionally, it discusses various PCR techniques like real-time PCR and reverse transcription PCR. The document provides details on materials, reagents and procedures for performing PCR. It also outlines applications of PCR and electrophoresis in various fields like medicine, forensics and research.
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Polymerase chain reaction
Polymerase chain reaction is the process of gene amplification and gene isolation in artificial conditions
different types of pcr
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify DNA sequences. It was developed by Kary Mullis in 1983 and has become a common technique used in medical and biological research. Mullis received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993 for his work on PCR. PCR involves denaturing DNA, annealing primers to the DNA, and extending the primers to replicate the DNA in multiple cycles, exponentially amplifying any specific DNA region. There are various types of PCR including conventional PCR, multiplex PCR, nested PCR, quantitative PCR, and real-time PCR which have various applications such as disease diagnosis, DNA sequencing, and phylogeny analysis.
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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify small amounts of DNA across multiple cycles of heating and cooling. It employs DNA polymerase to make millions of copies of a target DNA sequence. During each cycle, the double-stranded DNA is denatured into single strands, then primers anneal and polymerase extends the strands to duplicate the target. This allows even very small initial amounts of DNA to be analyzed. PCR was invented in 1983 and revolutionized genetic research and forensic analysis by enabling rapid amplification of DNA.
PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique developed by Kary Mullis that amplifies a specific sequence of DNA to generate multiple copies of that sequence. PCR involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample to separate and copy the DNA strands. Each cycle doubles the number of target sequences. Key components of PCR include primers that define the target sequence, DNA polymerase, dNTPs, and buffer solution. PCR has many applications in research, forensics, medicine, and more by allowing scientists to easily make millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence.
Polymerase chain reaction
PCR is a technique used to amplify small amounts of DNA across multiple cycles. It involves denaturing DNA into single strands, annealing primers to the single strands, and extending the primers to synthesize new DNA using a heat-resistant DNA polymerase. Kary Mullis invented PCR in 1983, allowing scientists to exponentially amplify DNA for analysis. It is now widely used in medical research, forensics, and other applications requiring DNA analysis.
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The document describes polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique used to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. PCR requires a DNA template, DNA polymerase enzyme, primers, nucleotides, and magnesium ions. It works by cycling between heating and cooling steps to denature the DNA, anneal primers, and extend the DNA. PCR can amplify very small amounts of DNA and is widely used in applications like pathogen detection, DNA fingerprinting, and molecular archaeology. Real-time PCR monitors fluorescence during amplification to quantify DNA at each cycle.
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This document provides an overview of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis techniques. It discusses the basic principles and practical applications of PCR, including DNA amplification, temperature cycling, and primer design. The document also reviews the history and development of PCR by Kary Mullis. It explains the three main steps of the PCR process - denaturation, annealing and extension. Additionally, it discusses various PCR techniques like real-time PCR and reverse transcription PCR. The document provides details on materials, reagents and procedures for performing PCR. It also outlines applications of PCR and electrophoresis in various fields like medicine, forensics and research.
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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific region of DNA through repeated cycles of heating and cooling. It involves denaturing the DNA, annealing primers to the single-stranded DNA, and extending the primers with a DNA polymerase. After many cycles, the target region has been amplified exponentially. PCR is widely used in medical and biological research applications due to its ability to amplify small amounts of DNA.
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The document discusses polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique used to amplify a single or few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. It explains that PCR uses DNA polymerase to replicate a specific DNA segment defined by a pair of primers that flank the region of interest. The key steps of PCR including denaturation of DNA, annealing of primers, and extension of primers by DNA polymerase are described. Common applications and requirements of PCR like thermostable DNA polymerase and temperature cycling are also summarized.
Polymerase chain reaction(pcr)
Polymerase Chin Reaction is a technique that takes specific sequences of DNA of small and amplifies it to be used for further testing.
it is also said to be as the Invitro Technique.We have seen an photocopy machine in an office, by which we can copy several pages. So, is the PCR machine in a molecular biology laboratory.
PCR is DNA raplication ina test tube.
Dr Kary Mullis developed PCR.
To amplify lot of double stranded DNA molecules with same size and sequence by enzymatic method and cycling condition.
PCR-SlideShare
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is an in vitro technique used to amplify a specific region of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. It involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample to separate the DNA strands and allow primers to anneal, followed by extension of the primers by a thermostable DNA polymerase. Kary Mullis developed PCR in 1985 and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1993. Requirements for PCR include a DNA template, primers, Taq polymerase enzyme, dNTPs, buffer solution and magnesium ions. There are several applications and variations of PCR including quantitative real-time PCR, reverse transcription PCR, and inverse PCR.
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PCR is a laboratory technique for amplifying a specific segment of DNA. It was invented in 1983 by Kary Mullis and allows for exponential replication of DNA sequences. The process involves denaturing DNA into single strands, annealing primers to the strands, and extending the primers to synthesize new strands. Through repeated cycles of heating and cooling, a single copy of DNA can be amplified exponentially into billions of copies. Real-time PCR allows for detection and quantification of the amplified DNA during each cycle.
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The term PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction.
It is an invitro amplification technique that allows synthesizing millions of copies of the DNA or gene of interest from a single copy.
It is called “Polymerase” because the only enzyme used in this reaction is DNA polymerase.
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hello everyone in our course.
now you are watching Level TWO Episode 1 in the practical molecular biology course from A to Z.
in this video, we will discover:
-introduction to PCR
-Main steps in PCR
PCR
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence. It involves cycling between heating and cooling steps to denature and replicate DNA. The reaction requires DNA template, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer. During each cycle, the DNA denatures, primers anneal, and the polymerase extends the DNA. This exponential amplification allows millions of copies of the target sequence to be generated from a small initial sample. PCR has many applications in medicine, research, and forensics.
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The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence. It involves cycling between heating and cooling steps to denature and replicate DNA. The process results in exponential amplification of the target sequence. PCR requires a DNA template, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer solutions. It goes through initialization, denaturation, annealing, and elongation steps in each cycle. PCR has many applications in medicine, research, forensics, and more.
PCR
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique for amplifying DNA segments. It involves denaturing DNA, annealing primers to the single strands, and extending the primers to replicate the DNA segment. Kary Mullis developed PCR in 1983 and won the Nobel Prize for it. PCR consists of cycles of heating and cooling DNA which allows exponential amplification of specific DNA regions defined by primer binding sites. It has many applications in research, forensics, medicine and more.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences. It involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample to separate the DNA strands and allow for replication by DNA polymerase. Three main steps in each cycle are denaturation to separate the strands, annealing of primers to the target DNA, and extension of the new strands. PCR can generate millions of copies of target DNA from a very small sample and is used for a variety of applications including disease diagnosis, DNA fingerprinting, and molecular cloning.
Polymerase chain reaction
this doc is having basic information about PCR techmique. it contains history, principle, advantages, disadvantages, and applications.
it can give a brief idea about pcr technique.
Polymerase chain reaction
The document discusses polymerase chain reaction (PCR), an in vitro technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences. It explains that PCR uses DNA polymerase to replicate a target DNA segment millions of times using primers and repeated heating and cooling cycles. The key steps of PCR include DNA denaturation, primer annealing, and extension. Several variations of PCR are described, including nested PCR, hot start PCR, and inverse PCR. The document outlines the applications and advantages of PCR in fields like genetics, forensics, and disease diagnosis.
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PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a technique used to amplify a single copy of DNA into many copies. It was developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis and has many applications in medical research. PCR works by using DNA polymerase to replicate a target piece of DNA through repeated heating and cooling cycles. Each cycle doubles the number of DNA copies. The process results in exponential amplification of the DNA target. PCR requires a DNA template, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, buffer solution, and magnesium ions. It involves cycles of denaturation to separate DNA strands, annealing of primers to the template, and extension of new strands by the polymerase.
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This document discusses polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique used to amplify DNA. It describes how PCR was developed by Kary Mullis in 1983 and involves thermal cycling to selectively amplify target DNA sequences using primers and Taq polymerase. The key components and steps of PCR are outlined, including denaturation, annealing and extension. Clinical and other applications of PCR like diagnosis of diseases, cancer detection, and genetic testing are mentioned. Variations of PCR like quantitative PCR and nested PCR are also summarized.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific region of DNA through repeated cycles of heating and cooling. It requires a DNA template, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and magnesium chloride. The process involves denaturation of the DNA strands, annealing of primers to the complementary sequences, and extension of the primers by DNA polymerase to synthesize new strands. PCR can be used to amplify small amounts of DNA for forensic analysis or isolate a known gene from a genome. However, it is limited to amplifying up to 5kb of known DNA sequences.
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description of polymerase chain reaction and its principle and mechanism and requirements and applications and different types of pcr
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The document discusses polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique used to amplify a single or few copies of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. It requires primers that flank the target DNA sequence, a heat-stable DNA polymerase, and repeated cycles of heating and cooling to denature and extend DNA strands. Key steps involve DNA denaturation, primer annealing, and polymerase extension. PCR is useful for applications like disease screening, forensics, genetic engineering and more due to its speed, sensitivity and ability to amplify small amounts of DNA.
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When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
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PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a technique used to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. It uses heat-stable DNA polymerase to amplify the target sequence. The amplified DNA can then be used in various applications like DNA cloning, diagnosis of genetic diseases, forensics, and more. PCR involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample to separate the DNA strands and allow primers to anneal, followed by extension of the primers by DNA polymerase.
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Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific region of DNA through repeated cycles of heating and cooling. It involves denaturing the DNA, annealing primers to the single-stranded DNA, and extending the primers with a DNA polymerase. After many cycles, the target region has been amplified exponentially. PCR is widely used in medical and biological research applications due to its ability to amplify small amounts of DNA.
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The document discusses polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique used to amplify a single or few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. It explains that PCR uses DNA polymerase to replicate a specific DNA segment defined by a pair of primers that flank the region of interest. The key steps of PCR including denaturation of DNA, annealing of primers, and extension of primers by DNA polymerase are described. Common applications and requirements of PCR like thermostable DNA polymerase and temperature cycling are also summarized.
Polymerase chain reaction(pcr)
Polymerase Chin Reaction is a technique that takes specific sequences of DNA of small and amplifies it to be used for further testing.
it is also said to be as the Invitro Technique.We have seen an photocopy machine in an office, by which we can copy several pages. So, is the PCR machine in a molecular biology laboratory.
PCR is DNA raplication ina test tube.
Dr Kary Mullis developed PCR.
To amplify lot of double stranded DNA molecules with same size and sequence by enzymatic method and cycling condition.
PCR-SlideShare
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is an in vitro technique used to amplify a specific region of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. It involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample to separate the DNA strands and allow primers to anneal, followed by extension of the primers by a thermostable DNA polymerase. Kary Mullis developed PCR in 1985 and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1993. Requirements for PCR include a DNA template, primers, Taq polymerase enzyme, dNTPs, buffer solution and magnesium ions. There are several applications and variations of PCR including quantitative real-time PCR, reverse transcription PCR, and inverse PCR.
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PCR is a laboratory technique for amplifying a specific segment of DNA. It was invented in 1983 by Kary Mullis and allows for exponential replication of DNA sequences. The process involves denaturing DNA into single strands, annealing primers to the strands, and extending the primers to synthesize new strands. Through repeated cycles of heating and cooling, a single copy of DNA can be amplified exponentially into billions of copies. Real-time PCR allows for detection and quantification of the amplified DNA during each cycle.
PCR- Steps;Applications and types of PCR (Exam point of view)
The term PCR stands for Polymerase Chain Reaction.
It is an invitro amplification technique that allows synthesizing millions of copies of the DNA or gene of interest from a single copy.
It is called “Polymerase” because the only enzyme used in this reaction is DNA polymerase.
The PCR is invented by Kary Mullis in 1985.He received Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993.
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hello everyone in our course.
now you are watching Level TWO Episode 1 in the practical molecular biology course from A to Z.
in this video, we will discover:
-introduction to PCR
-Main steps in PCR
PCR
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence. It involves cycling between heating and cooling steps to denature and replicate DNA. The reaction requires DNA template, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer. During each cycle, the DNA denatures, primers anneal, and the polymerase extends the DNA. This exponential amplification allows millions of copies of the target sequence to be generated from a small initial sample. PCR has many applications in medicine, research, and forensics.
PCR and its types
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific DNA sequence. It involves cycling between heating and cooling steps to denature and replicate DNA. The process results in exponential amplification of the target sequence. PCR requires a DNA template, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and buffer solutions. It goes through initialization, denaturation, annealing, and elongation steps in each cycle. PCR has many applications in medicine, research, forensics, and more.
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The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique for amplifying DNA segments. It involves denaturing DNA, annealing primers to the single strands, and extending the primers to replicate the DNA segment. Kary Mullis developed PCR in 1983 and won the Nobel Prize for it. PCR consists of cycles of heating and cooling DNA which allows exponential amplification of specific DNA regions defined by primer binding sites. It has many applications in research, forensics, medicine and more.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an in vitro technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences. It involves repeated cycles of heating and cooling of the DNA sample to separate the DNA strands and allow for replication by DNA polymerase. Three main steps in each cycle are denaturation to separate the strands, annealing of primers to the target DNA, and extension of the new strands. PCR can generate millions of copies of target DNA from a very small sample and is used for a variety of applications including disease diagnosis, DNA fingerprinting, and molecular cloning.
Polymerase chain reaction
this doc is having basic information about PCR techmique. it contains history, principle, advantages, disadvantages, and applications.
it can give a brief idea about pcr technique.
Polymerase chain reaction
The document discusses polymerase chain reaction (PCR), an in vitro technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences. It explains that PCR uses DNA polymerase to replicate a target DNA segment millions of times using primers and repeated heating and cooling cycles. The key steps of PCR include DNA denaturation, primer annealing, and extension. Several variations of PCR are described, including nested PCR, hot start PCR, and inverse PCR. The document outlines the applications and advantages of PCR in fields like genetics, forensics, and disease diagnosis.
Genetics
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a technique used to amplify a single copy of DNA into many copies. It was developed in 1983 by Kary Mullis and has many applications in medical research. PCR works by using DNA polymerase to replicate a target piece of DNA through repeated heating and cooling cycles. Each cycle doubles the number of DNA copies. The process results in exponential amplification of the DNA target. PCR requires a DNA template, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, buffer solution, and magnesium ions. It involves cycles of denaturation to separate DNA strands, annealing of primers to the template, and extension of new strands by the polymerase.
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This document discusses polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique used to amplify DNA. It describes how PCR was developed by Kary Mullis in 1983 and involves thermal cycling to selectively amplify target DNA sequences using primers and Taq polymerase. The key components and steps of PCR are outlined, including denaturation, annealing and extension. Clinical and other applications of PCR like diagnosis of diseases, cancer detection, and genetic testing are mentioned. Variations of PCR like quantitative PCR and nested PCR are also summarized.
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used to amplify a specific region of DNA through repeated cycles of heating and cooling. It requires a DNA template, primers, DNA polymerase, nucleotides, and magnesium chloride. The process involves denaturation of the DNA strands, annealing of primers to the complementary sequences, and extension of the primers by DNA polymerase to synthesize new strands. PCR can be used to amplify small amounts of DNA for forensic analysis or isolate a known gene from a genome. However, it is limited to amplifying up to 5kb of known DNA sequences.
Polymerase chain reaction
description of polymerase chain reaction and its principle and mechanism and requirements and applications and different types of pcr
Polymerase chain reaction (pcr)
The document discusses polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a technique used to amplify a single or few copies of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence. It requires primers that flank the target DNA sequence, a heat-stable DNA polymerase, and repeated cycles of heating and cooling to denature and extend DNA strands. Key steps involve DNA denaturation, primer annealing, and polymerase extension. PCR is useful for applications like disease screening, forensics, genetic engineering and more due to its speed, sensitivity and ability to amplify small amounts of DNA.
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Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
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留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically young
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Farming systems analysis: what have we learnt?.pptx
Presentation given at the official farewell of Prof Ken Gillet at Wageningen on 13 June 2024
Pests of Storage_Identification_Dr.UPR.pdf
InIndia-post-harvestlosses-unscientificstorage,insects,rodents,micro-organismsetc.,accountforabout10percentoftotalfoodgrains
Graininfestation
Directdamage
Indirectly
•theexuviae,skin,deadinsects
•theirexcretawhichmakefoodunfitforhumanconsumption
About600speciesofinsectshavebeenassociatedwithstoredgrainproducts
100speciesofinsectpestsofstoredproductscauseeconomiclosses
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- 1. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Dr. Anand Kumar Ph.D. Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Mob: 9411091380 Email: Anand9411@gmail.com
- 2. Polymerase Chain Reaction 1. Polymerase Chain Reaction also known as thermo cycler or people choice reaction. 2. PCR was developed by Dr. Kary Mullis in 1983. 3. In 1985 First publication of PCR by Cetus Corporation appears in Science. 4. In 1993 Dr. Kary Mullis shares Nobel Prize in Chemistry for conceiving PCR technology. 5. PCR is used for amplification of DNA fragmanents. DNA Photocopier:
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