This document discusses the use of pure oxygen in water and wastewater treatment. It outlines several applications of pure oxygen including odor control, replacing traditional aeration, and lake oxygenation. It then describes traditional aeration methods and their limitations. The document discusses how pure oxygen systems like UNOX and OASES work, and the advantages of using pure oxygen over air due to its higher solubility. Several pure oxygen technologies are presented for applications like odor control, wastewater treatment, and groundwater remediation. Product offerings from PCI including the DOCS oxygen generation systems are described along with their lower operating costs compared to other oxygen production methods.
This presentation is about pure oxygen systems which are used for water purification and is an advancement over the conventional activated sludge process.
The City of Knoxville was experiencing high hydrogen sulfide gas levels of 800-1000 ppm in its force main, causing odor issues. Previous chemical treatment reduced odors but not to acceptable levels. An ECO2 SuperOxygenation system was installed to dissolve oxygen into the force main and maintain aerobic conditions, preventing hydrogen sulfide formation. Preliminary results showed hydrogen sulfide levels were reduced to near non-detectable levels. The system operates by extracting a sidestream of wastewater, bubbling in liquid oxygen to fully dissolve it, and returning it to the force main.
This document discusses silica monitoring in steam/water cycles of power plants. Silica is a contaminant that can deposit on turbine blades and reduce efficiency. Close monitoring of silica concentrations helps manage efficiency and avoid costly shutdowns. Key locations for silica measurement include the demineralization plant, boiler feedwater, and boiler blowdown water. The Hach 5500sc Silica Analyzer provides an on-line solution for accurate, reliable silica monitoring to optimize plant performance and prevent turbine damage.
Over the years Cooling Tower treatment involves heavy use of chemicals. Unfortunately these chemicals are not only costly, but also adds minerals in the water. This reduces Cycles Of Concentration [COC] & as a result in high blow down & more make up water demand. Using ozone operating cost is drastically reduced & blow down water quantity also reduces.
This document provides an overview of a High Rate Anaerobic Digester (HRAD) system with polishing for wastewater treatment. It describes the HRAD process which uses alternating standing and hanging baffles to facilitate contact between wastewater and residual sludge, allowing for high treatment rates. The system can optimize anaerobic digestion by treating all types of wastewater for reuse or disposal. Additional tertiary treatment like disinfection and filtration provides polished effluent suitable for various reuse applications. The HRAD achieves high removal of contaminants like COD, BOD, TSS and pathogens. It requires relatively low maintenance and has advantages of being stable, efficient, and producing low sludge and biogas
1) A trial was conducted injecting an enhanced calcium sorbent called Sorbacal® SPS at Great River Energy's Stanton Station to reduce SO2 emissions and meet regional haze compliance targets.
2) The trial successfully achieved over 85% SO2 removal and emission rates below 0.14 lb/MMBtu, meeting the target.
3) Monitoring of the electrostatic precipitator performance showed only minimal impacts from the sorbent injection, indicating good compatibility between the enhanced calcium sorbent and ESP operation.
LNA ICR Article - The Solution to SO2 PollutionJerry Hunt
1. Many cement plants need to install air pollution controls to reduce SO2 emissions to meet consent decree requirements.
2. Dry sorbent injection (DSI) using hydrated lime sorbents like Sorbacal is an effective and flexible technology to control SO2 emissions from cement plants. It has low costs, a small footprint, and short installation time.
3. A case study showed a cement plant was able to reduce SO2 emissions to required levels of 0.85lb/ton of clinker produced using Sorbacal sorbent injection even when the raw mill was off, demonstrating DSI can control emissions under different process conditions.
This presentation is about pure oxygen systems which are used for water purification and is an advancement over the conventional activated sludge process.
The City of Knoxville was experiencing high hydrogen sulfide gas levels of 800-1000 ppm in its force main, causing odor issues. Previous chemical treatment reduced odors but not to acceptable levels. An ECO2 SuperOxygenation system was installed to dissolve oxygen into the force main and maintain aerobic conditions, preventing hydrogen sulfide formation. Preliminary results showed hydrogen sulfide levels were reduced to near non-detectable levels. The system operates by extracting a sidestream of wastewater, bubbling in liquid oxygen to fully dissolve it, and returning it to the force main.
This document discusses silica monitoring in steam/water cycles of power plants. Silica is a contaminant that can deposit on turbine blades and reduce efficiency. Close monitoring of silica concentrations helps manage efficiency and avoid costly shutdowns. Key locations for silica measurement include the demineralization plant, boiler feedwater, and boiler blowdown water. The Hach 5500sc Silica Analyzer provides an on-line solution for accurate, reliable silica monitoring to optimize plant performance and prevent turbine damage.
Over the years Cooling Tower treatment involves heavy use of chemicals. Unfortunately these chemicals are not only costly, but also adds minerals in the water. This reduces Cycles Of Concentration [COC] & as a result in high blow down & more make up water demand. Using ozone operating cost is drastically reduced & blow down water quantity also reduces.
This document provides an overview of a High Rate Anaerobic Digester (HRAD) system with polishing for wastewater treatment. It describes the HRAD process which uses alternating standing and hanging baffles to facilitate contact between wastewater and residual sludge, allowing for high treatment rates. The system can optimize anaerobic digestion by treating all types of wastewater for reuse or disposal. Additional tertiary treatment like disinfection and filtration provides polished effluent suitable for various reuse applications. The HRAD achieves high removal of contaminants like COD, BOD, TSS and pathogens. It requires relatively low maintenance and has advantages of being stable, efficient, and producing low sludge and biogas
1) A trial was conducted injecting an enhanced calcium sorbent called Sorbacal® SPS at Great River Energy's Stanton Station to reduce SO2 emissions and meet regional haze compliance targets.
2) The trial successfully achieved over 85% SO2 removal and emission rates below 0.14 lb/MMBtu, meeting the target.
3) Monitoring of the electrostatic precipitator performance showed only minimal impacts from the sorbent injection, indicating good compatibility between the enhanced calcium sorbent and ESP operation.
LNA ICR Article - The Solution to SO2 PollutionJerry Hunt
1. Many cement plants need to install air pollution controls to reduce SO2 emissions to meet consent decree requirements.
2. Dry sorbent injection (DSI) using hydrated lime sorbents like Sorbacal is an effective and flexible technology to control SO2 emissions from cement plants. It has low costs, a small footprint, and short installation time.
3. A case study showed a cement plant was able to reduce SO2 emissions to required levels of 0.85lb/ton of clinker produced using Sorbacal sorbent injection even when the raw mill was off, demonstrating DSI can control emissions under different process conditions.
The document summarizes testing of a gas transfer membrane (GTM) unit for removing carbon dioxide and dissolved oxygen from makeup water at a nuclear power plant. Key findings from the test include:
1) The GTM unit achieved 78-95% removal of dissolved oxygen and 65-95% removal of carbon dioxide from the makeup water feed.
2) Removing these dissolved gases reduces ion exchange resin loading and usage of deoxygenation chemicals downstream.
3) Over 2.5 million gallons of makeup water were treated during the four month test period, demonstrating the viability of GTM technology for industrial-scale gas removal.
Vacuum enhanced recirculation and in-well airstripping system removes up to 99% of volatile organic compound during re-circulation. Increases in-situ bioremediation.
The document discusses establishing a zero discharge system for treating textile effluent. Key points include:
- Zero discharge means recovering all process water for reuse with no effluent discharge.
- Design considerations include effluent quantity/quality variation, suitable unit processes, and durability.
- Textile effluent is characterized by high BOD, COD, TDS, and trace metals from chemicals used.
- A zero discharge system requires assessment, pilot testing, pipeline design, and handling abnormal situations.
- Processes include primary treatment to remove solids, biological treatment using MBRs, and secondary treatment using reverse osmosis.
- Tertiary treatment uses evaporation to
This document provides an overview of reverse osmosis (RO) basics presented by Nitin Chauhan of Culligan. It outlines the fundamentals of RO including membrane selection and system design criteria. It discusses how RO can provide energy savings, water savings, and chemical savings. A case study from the Department of Energy shows potential cost savings from using RO for boiler feedwater. The document also provides background on Culligan International, Hall's Water Group, and Culligan of Greater Cleveland.
Tim Danehy and Bruce Leavitt, Consulting Hydro-geologist, BioMost, “Passive Aeration Using a Trompe“
Water aeration is needed at many mine drainage treatment facilities to oxidize ferrous iron or to remove dissolved carbon dioxide. Typical aeration accomplished through surface diffusion, cascade aeration, mechanical aeration, or with chemical reagents such as hydrogen peroxide. Using an ancient device known as a Trompe, it is possible to achieve the benefits of mechanical aeration without the need for electricity, motors, or any moving parts.
The document discusses the water cycle and treatment processes in thermal power plants. Various types of water are used including cooling water, boiler water, and consumptive water. The water treatment process includes pre-treatment of raw water, filtration, softening, demineralization to provide boiler feed water. The purpose is to remove impurities and prevent scale formation, corrosion, and microbial growth. pH is an important measurement of water acidity that determines solubility and availability of chemicals in the water.
Quick Reference Guide to Compendial Water Standards Jesse McLaughlin
What makes pharmaceutical water different? What are the major "contaminants" we are trying to remove? How do we do it? Aqua-Chem can help with the right solution to your Pharmaceutical compdendial water needs.
This document summarizes a presentation on optimizing the design of multiple tray aerators to correct the pH of groundwater without using lime. It proposes decreasing the surface loading rate from 24.45 to 10 cubic meters per hour per square meter to increase aeration efficiency. It also recommends using packing media to increase turbulence, increasing the distance between trays to 0.6 meters, and using 10 or more trays to fully remove carbon dioxide from the water through aeration. Testing of these design improvements on pilot models over longer periods is suggested to validate the approach and potentially eliminate the need for chemical pH correction of the groundwater.
The document provides standards and specifications for the process design of plant waste water sewer systems for facilities like oil refineries, chemical plants, and terminals. It outlines different types of main sewer systems including storm water, oily water, non-oily water, chemical, and sanitary systems. It describes various system components and provides design considerations for flow rates, collection, sizing, and effluent characteristics. The document also discusses effluent sources in different plant areas and general requirements for releasing wastes. It includes several appendices with additional information.
A reverse osmosis desalination plant uses pressure to separate fresh water from saline water through semi-permeable membranes. The process results in a stream of desalinated water and a stream of briny waste. These plants aim to reduce energy consumption and improve waste management. Reverse osmosis units are commonly used in military contexts to purify water.
The document discusses using pressure swing adsorption with silver zeolites to produce a continuous flow of 99% oxygen from air. It aims to develop portable and hospital oxygen separation devices. Pressure swing adsorption uses adsorbent materials like zeolites and carbon nanotubes in two columns to separate oxygen from nitrogen and argon through selective adsorption. The document evaluates different zeolite materials and their ability to produce high purity oxygen while also removing nitrogen and argon. It also considers the economics of using such a system in hospitals and portable devices.
Nowadays Air pollution is a major problem. Diesel engines are playing a vital role in Road and sea transport, Agriculture, mining and many other industries. Considering the available fuel resources and the present technological development, Diesel fuel is evidently indispensable. In general, the consumption of fuel is an index for finding out the economic strength of any country. In spite, we cannot ignore the harmful effects of the large mass of the burnt gases, which erodes the purity of our environment every day. The main pollutants contribute by automobiles are (CO), UBHC, (Nox) and Lead etc., Other sources such as electric power generating stations, industrial and domestic fuel consumption, refuse burning , industrial processing. So it is imperative that serious attempts should be made to conserve earth’s environment from degradation. An aqua silencer is an attempt in this direction, it is mainly dealing with control of emission and noise. An aqua silence is fitted to the exhaust pipe of engine.
The aqua silencer system is design for replace commonly used single unit silencers in engine with it’s slender structure and less weight. It plays an important role in control the noise and emission of gases from engines. Air pollution causes dangerous physical effect on the human body, animal and environment. The main reason to use aqua silencer is because nowadays air pollution is increasing rapidly. This system reduces the dangerous exhaust gases from the auto.
These emissions are controlled by the activated charcoal layer around perforated tube and lime water. The charcoal layer having high capacity to absorb emission gases from engine. This type charcoal layer with lime water reacts chemically with emission gases and change the chemical structure of emission gases. The smoke or emission gases and noise level in aqua silencer is very less than the commonly used silencers.
This document provides details on the design of water and wastewater systems for a sanitary works project. It includes sections on the water supply system, wastewater system, and introduces key elements of each. The water supply system section describes the layout and design of the water treatment plant including intake works, purification processes, and distribution network. The wastewater system section outlines the layout of the wastewater treatment plant and describes the collection, treatment, and disposal/sludge handling stages. Project site conditions and population data that informed the design capacities are also summarized.
This document describes the design and testing of an aqua silencer. An aqua silencer is an exhaust silencer that uses activated charcoal and lime water to reduce emissions and noise from automobile exhaust. It works by splitting exhaust gases into small bubbles using a perforated tube, then passing the gases through an activated charcoal layer to filter pollutants before dissolving them into the surrounding lime water. Testing on a single cylinder engine showed the aqua silencer reduced carbon monoxide by 85%, hydrocarbons by 67%, and carbon dioxide by 75% compared to a conventional silencer, while also lowering noise levels. The aqua silencer provides effective emission control through the combined effects of activated charcoal filtration and lime water absorption
The document discusses an advanced wastewater treatment process called PO*WW*ER developed by Chemical Waste Management, Inc. and adopted by Waste Management International to treat wastewater at the Chemical Waste Treatment Center in Hong Kong. The PO*WW*ER system uses evaporation, catalytic oxidation, scrubbing, and condensation to reduce wastewater volumes and oxidize volatile contaminants. It was the author's first major project assignment as a process engineer, involving testing and commissioning the system, and later conducting a modification study to improve burner efficiency.
The document discusses an aqua silencer, which is a device that fits on an engine's exhaust pipe to reduce emissions and noise. It consists of a perforated tube inside a water container, with activated charcoal and wire mesh surrounding the tube. Exhaust gases pass through the tube and bubbles form, which then pass through the charcoal and dissolve in the water, converting pollutants into heavy salts. The aqua silencer lowers both noise and air pollution in a cheap and effective manner.
The document describes an aqua silencer designed to reduce noise and toxic emissions from diesel engine exhaust. It incorporates lime water, activated charcoal, and water to purify exhaust gases through chemical reactions and absorption before being released. The aqua silencer consists of a perforated tube surrounded by an activated charcoal layer and immersed in water inside an outer shell. Exhaust first passes through the lime water, then the charcoal layer, which purifies it before the muffled exhaust exits into the water, reducing noise emission. Test results showed the aqua silencer significantly reduced harmful smoke and noise levels compared to a conventional silencer.
The document provides an overview of membrane contactor technology from Membrana-Charlotte. It discusses the company and its products, including microporous membranes and membrane contactors. It describes how membrane contactors work using gas transfer principles and can be used for applications like gas absorption, degasification, and carbonation. Performance examples for oxygen and carbon dioxide removal are also presented.
IRJET- Capturing carbon dioxide from air by using Sodium hydroxide (CO2 T...IRJET Journal
This document describes a method for capturing carbon dioxide from air using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The authors designed and tested a prototype air purifier that uses a mist of NaOH solution to absorb CO2 from ambient air as it passes through a filtration structure. CO2 reacts with NaOH to form sodium carbonate, which is then reacted with calcium hydroxide to regenerate the NaOH solution. Experimental results show removal efficiencies up to 63% for air with 4% CO2 concentration when using a 3% NaOH solution at 100°C. Higher NaOH concentrations and temperatures increased CO2 absorption. The system aims to directly capture CO2 from the air as a way to reduce greenhouse gas levels in a
The document summarizes testing of a gas transfer membrane (GTM) unit for removing carbon dioxide and dissolved oxygen from makeup water at a nuclear power plant. Key findings from the test include:
1) The GTM unit achieved 78-95% removal of dissolved oxygen and 65-95% removal of carbon dioxide from the makeup water feed.
2) Removing these dissolved gases reduces ion exchange resin loading and usage of deoxygenation chemicals downstream.
3) Over 2.5 million gallons of makeup water were treated during the four month test period, demonstrating the viability of GTM technology for industrial-scale gas removal.
Vacuum enhanced recirculation and in-well airstripping system removes up to 99% of volatile organic compound during re-circulation. Increases in-situ bioremediation.
The document discusses establishing a zero discharge system for treating textile effluent. Key points include:
- Zero discharge means recovering all process water for reuse with no effluent discharge.
- Design considerations include effluent quantity/quality variation, suitable unit processes, and durability.
- Textile effluent is characterized by high BOD, COD, TDS, and trace metals from chemicals used.
- A zero discharge system requires assessment, pilot testing, pipeline design, and handling abnormal situations.
- Processes include primary treatment to remove solids, biological treatment using MBRs, and secondary treatment using reverse osmosis.
- Tertiary treatment uses evaporation to
This document provides an overview of reverse osmosis (RO) basics presented by Nitin Chauhan of Culligan. It outlines the fundamentals of RO including membrane selection and system design criteria. It discusses how RO can provide energy savings, water savings, and chemical savings. A case study from the Department of Energy shows potential cost savings from using RO for boiler feedwater. The document also provides background on Culligan International, Hall's Water Group, and Culligan of Greater Cleveland.
Tim Danehy and Bruce Leavitt, Consulting Hydro-geologist, BioMost, “Passive Aeration Using a Trompe“
Water aeration is needed at many mine drainage treatment facilities to oxidize ferrous iron or to remove dissolved carbon dioxide. Typical aeration accomplished through surface diffusion, cascade aeration, mechanical aeration, or with chemical reagents such as hydrogen peroxide. Using an ancient device known as a Trompe, it is possible to achieve the benefits of mechanical aeration without the need for electricity, motors, or any moving parts.
The document discusses the water cycle and treatment processes in thermal power plants. Various types of water are used including cooling water, boiler water, and consumptive water. The water treatment process includes pre-treatment of raw water, filtration, softening, demineralization to provide boiler feed water. The purpose is to remove impurities and prevent scale formation, corrosion, and microbial growth. pH is an important measurement of water acidity that determines solubility and availability of chemicals in the water.
Quick Reference Guide to Compendial Water Standards Jesse McLaughlin
What makes pharmaceutical water different? What are the major "contaminants" we are trying to remove? How do we do it? Aqua-Chem can help with the right solution to your Pharmaceutical compdendial water needs.
This document summarizes a presentation on optimizing the design of multiple tray aerators to correct the pH of groundwater without using lime. It proposes decreasing the surface loading rate from 24.45 to 10 cubic meters per hour per square meter to increase aeration efficiency. It also recommends using packing media to increase turbulence, increasing the distance between trays to 0.6 meters, and using 10 or more trays to fully remove carbon dioxide from the water through aeration. Testing of these design improvements on pilot models over longer periods is suggested to validate the approach and potentially eliminate the need for chemical pH correction of the groundwater.
The document provides standards and specifications for the process design of plant waste water sewer systems for facilities like oil refineries, chemical plants, and terminals. It outlines different types of main sewer systems including storm water, oily water, non-oily water, chemical, and sanitary systems. It describes various system components and provides design considerations for flow rates, collection, sizing, and effluent characteristics. The document also discusses effluent sources in different plant areas and general requirements for releasing wastes. It includes several appendices with additional information.
A reverse osmosis desalination plant uses pressure to separate fresh water from saline water through semi-permeable membranes. The process results in a stream of desalinated water and a stream of briny waste. These plants aim to reduce energy consumption and improve waste management. Reverse osmosis units are commonly used in military contexts to purify water.
The document discusses using pressure swing adsorption with silver zeolites to produce a continuous flow of 99% oxygen from air. It aims to develop portable and hospital oxygen separation devices. Pressure swing adsorption uses adsorbent materials like zeolites and carbon nanotubes in two columns to separate oxygen from nitrogen and argon through selective adsorption. The document evaluates different zeolite materials and their ability to produce high purity oxygen while also removing nitrogen and argon. It also considers the economics of using such a system in hospitals and portable devices.
Nowadays Air pollution is a major problem. Diesel engines are playing a vital role in Road and sea transport, Agriculture, mining and many other industries. Considering the available fuel resources and the present technological development, Diesel fuel is evidently indispensable. In general, the consumption of fuel is an index for finding out the economic strength of any country. In spite, we cannot ignore the harmful effects of the large mass of the burnt gases, which erodes the purity of our environment every day. The main pollutants contribute by automobiles are (CO), UBHC, (Nox) and Lead etc., Other sources such as electric power generating stations, industrial and domestic fuel consumption, refuse burning , industrial processing. So it is imperative that serious attempts should be made to conserve earth’s environment from degradation. An aqua silencer is an attempt in this direction, it is mainly dealing with control of emission and noise. An aqua silence is fitted to the exhaust pipe of engine.
The aqua silencer system is design for replace commonly used single unit silencers in engine with it’s slender structure and less weight. It plays an important role in control the noise and emission of gases from engines. Air pollution causes dangerous physical effect on the human body, animal and environment. The main reason to use aqua silencer is because nowadays air pollution is increasing rapidly. This system reduces the dangerous exhaust gases from the auto.
These emissions are controlled by the activated charcoal layer around perforated tube and lime water. The charcoal layer having high capacity to absorb emission gases from engine. This type charcoal layer with lime water reacts chemically with emission gases and change the chemical structure of emission gases. The smoke or emission gases and noise level in aqua silencer is very less than the commonly used silencers.
This document provides details on the design of water and wastewater systems for a sanitary works project. It includes sections on the water supply system, wastewater system, and introduces key elements of each. The water supply system section describes the layout and design of the water treatment plant including intake works, purification processes, and distribution network. The wastewater system section outlines the layout of the wastewater treatment plant and describes the collection, treatment, and disposal/sludge handling stages. Project site conditions and population data that informed the design capacities are also summarized.
This document describes the design and testing of an aqua silencer. An aqua silencer is an exhaust silencer that uses activated charcoal and lime water to reduce emissions and noise from automobile exhaust. It works by splitting exhaust gases into small bubbles using a perforated tube, then passing the gases through an activated charcoal layer to filter pollutants before dissolving them into the surrounding lime water. Testing on a single cylinder engine showed the aqua silencer reduced carbon monoxide by 85%, hydrocarbons by 67%, and carbon dioxide by 75% compared to a conventional silencer, while also lowering noise levels. The aqua silencer provides effective emission control through the combined effects of activated charcoal filtration and lime water absorption
The document discusses an advanced wastewater treatment process called PO*WW*ER developed by Chemical Waste Management, Inc. and adopted by Waste Management International to treat wastewater at the Chemical Waste Treatment Center in Hong Kong. The PO*WW*ER system uses evaporation, catalytic oxidation, scrubbing, and condensation to reduce wastewater volumes and oxidize volatile contaminants. It was the author's first major project assignment as a process engineer, involving testing and commissioning the system, and later conducting a modification study to improve burner efficiency.
The document discusses an aqua silencer, which is a device that fits on an engine's exhaust pipe to reduce emissions and noise. It consists of a perforated tube inside a water container, with activated charcoal and wire mesh surrounding the tube. Exhaust gases pass through the tube and bubbles form, which then pass through the charcoal and dissolve in the water, converting pollutants into heavy salts. The aqua silencer lowers both noise and air pollution in a cheap and effective manner.
The document describes an aqua silencer designed to reduce noise and toxic emissions from diesel engine exhaust. It incorporates lime water, activated charcoal, and water to purify exhaust gases through chemical reactions and absorption before being released. The aqua silencer consists of a perforated tube surrounded by an activated charcoal layer and immersed in water inside an outer shell. Exhaust first passes through the lime water, then the charcoal layer, which purifies it before the muffled exhaust exits into the water, reducing noise emission. Test results showed the aqua silencer significantly reduced harmful smoke and noise levels compared to a conventional silencer.
The document provides an overview of membrane contactor technology from Membrana-Charlotte. It discusses the company and its products, including microporous membranes and membrane contactors. It describes how membrane contactors work using gas transfer principles and can be used for applications like gas absorption, degasification, and carbonation. Performance examples for oxygen and carbon dioxide removal are also presented.
IRJET- Capturing carbon dioxide from air by using Sodium hydroxide (CO2 T...IRJET Journal
This document describes a method for capturing carbon dioxide from air using sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The authors designed and tested a prototype air purifier that uses a mist of NaOH solution to absorb CO2 from ambient air as it passes through a filtration structure. CO2 reacts with NaOH to form sodium carbonate, which is then reacted with calcium hydroxide to regenerate the NaOH solution. Experimental results show removal efficiencies up to 63% for air with 4% CO2 concentration when using a 3% NaOH solution at 100°C. Higher NaOH concentrations and temperatures increased CO2 absorption. The system aims to directly capture CO2 from the air as a way to reduce greenhouse gas levels in a
The document provides details about ADCO's CO2 injection pilot project in the Bab Far North Field. The objectives are to collect technical data to assess CO2 injection effectiveness for enhanced oil recovery and to reduce CO2 emissions. The project involves injecting CO2 alternately with water into wells via a CO2 pipeline. It describes the design basis including capacities, fluid properties, and the process design for CO2 and water injection and production systems. It also outlines operating, control, startup, and changeover philosophies for injection well and pipeline operations.
Please join GEO Inc. for a technical presentation on C3™ Technology (Cooling, Compression, Condensation) that will provide regulators, consultants, and field applicators with an understanding of the appropriate and diverse uses of this advanced vapor extraction and treatment system. Additionally, this slideshow will help identify when C3 Technology should be used, and how to apply the technology most effectively to achieve optimal efficiency and output rates.
Technologies for Carbon Capture in Oil Refineriescanaleenergia
Saipem has experience providing engineering services for carbon capture, transportation, and storage projects for oil and gas companies. This includes designing pipelines, conducting environmental impact studies, and modeling wells and reservoirs. The document then discusses differences between capturing carbon from power stations versus refineries, sources of emissions in refineries, and options for capturing carbon from fluid catalytic cracking units, hydrogen production plants, and heaters/boilers in refineries. It concludes by outlining two overall approaches - converting a refinery to run on hydrogen or using oxygen combustion.
The document discusses various oxygen measurement applications across different industries including storage and environment, upstream and processing, recovery and waste, downstream and purification. It provides examples of successful oxygen measurement applications in pharmaceutical API manufacturing, blanketing in mixing stirrers, centrifuge inertization, general manufacturing tank storage, and chemical manufacturing such as oxidation in extruders and waste-gas reclaiming.
This document discusses hydrogen production via steam reforming with CO2 capture. It examines the possibilities of capturing CO2 from a steam reforming hydrogen plant. There are three main locations where CO2 can be captured: 1) from the raw hydrogen stream before purification, 2) from the purge gas stream after purification, and 3) from the steam reformer flue gas. Capturing from the raw hydrogen and flue gas streams can achieve overall CO2 removal rates of 60% and 90%, respectively. Amine-based capture is commonly used for the raw hydrogen and flue gas streams. A case study found the cost of capturing from the flue gas to be higher than from the raw hydrogen stream, and in both cases the
IRJET- Design and Fabrication of Aerodynamic Aqua SilencerIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and fabrication of an aerodynamic aqua silencer. It aims to reduce pollution from vehicle emissions by controlling toxic levels through chemical reactions in the silencer. The system uses a perforated tube with varying hole diameters to break gas bubbles into smaller ones. These gases then pass through an activated charcoal layer that absorbs harmful gases before being released into the atmosphere. The objectives are to redesign the aqua silencer to be more suitable for application levels, control emissions through chemical reactions, and reduce emissions by 10-20% compared to existing systems. The modified design aims to address limitations of existing rectangular silencers by making an aerodynamic foil shape and replacing lime water with a new chemical that causes
- Geotech is a world leader in environmental technology and products based in Denver, CO with additional offices in the US and Europe. It has over 10,000 clients globally.
- The company offers remediation equipment for vapor, dissolved, and free phase contaminants including soil vapor extraction systems, air sparge systems, and carbon vessels.
- Soil vapor extraction uses vacuum wells to extract volatile contaminants from subsurface soil in vapor form, while air sparging injects air into saturated zones to flush contaminants into unsaturated zones for extraction. Proper sizing of blowers and conducting pilot tests is important for effectiveness.
Ecospray specializes in exhaust gas cleaning solutions for the marine industry. Their systems remove SOx, NOx, and particulate matter to help ships comply with emissions regulations while using low-cost fuels. Ecospray has installed over 400 systems worldwide for ships from small commercial vessels to large cruise ships and cargo ships. Their solutions include open-loop seawater scrubbers and hybrid systems that can operate in either open or closed-loop modes.
PSA Oxygen generators O2 - OMEGA AIR O-GEN SERIESMarko Škulj
The O-GEN series oxygen generators extract the available oxygen in the ambient air from the other gases by applying the Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) technology. During the PSA process compressed, cleaned ambient air is led to a molecular sieve bed, which allows the oxygen to pass through as a product gas, but adsorbs other gases.
The document provides an overview of moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBR) for wastewater treatment. It discusses the history and introduction of MBBR technology, key designing parameters such as media size and surface area, and operating parameters like retention times and loading rates. An example design for a 600 cubic meter per day MBBR wastewater treatment plant is presented, outlining the treatment process flow including aeration, settling, and disinfection. Finally, the document reviews a paper comparing the treatment performance of MBBR versus conventional activated sludge systems.
The document outlines various self-contained breathing apparatus technologies, including:
1. Self-contained self-rescuers (SCSRs) that provide oxygen on demand and can dock to other air supplies for extended use.
2. A new carbon dioxide scrubber that is more efficient and a breathing air monitor system to detect oxygen and carbon monoxide levels.
3. Potential additions like a combined self-rescuer and carbon monoxide filter, miner communications capabilities, and a rebreather for surface use by first responders.
The presentation solicits feedback on user needs and explores concepts like scalable duration units and selectable protection levels. A demonstration of an SCSR system is also
NOx SOx CO2 and Urea Dust Control inFertilizers Plants.pdfPremBaboo4
NOx, SOx & CO2 emission are the serious problem in any fertilizers plant. The urea production and use of nitrogen fertilizers lead to the release of SOx, CO2, N2O and CH4, which are among the most important global GHGs. The synthesis of ammonia, from which all synthetic fertilizers are produced, accounts alone for about 0.8% of the global GHG emissions and 2% of global energy. CO2 emission factor from urea is 0.2 kg Carbon per kg urea, which is equivalent to the mass percent of Carbon in urea. Urea dust control system should be there in every plant. The pollution point of view urea dust is very harmful to buildings and humans. If you install CO2 recovery system, then you can also control SOx and NOx. In reality dust emission control system should be installed in prilling tower. It is not costly; slightly per ton of urea energy will increase but it is necessary for all urea plants. Number of Revamp Companies are available in market.
Apec workshop 2 presentation 5 e apec workshop mexico capture technologies ...Global CCS Institute
This document summarizes different carbon capture technologies including post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-combustion systems. Post-combustion systems use amine-based solvents to separate CO2 from flue gases, while pre-combustion separates CO2 from syngas before combustion using physical or chemical solvents. Oxy-combustion produces a concentrated CO2 stream by combusting fuels in oxygen instead of air. The document also discusses applying these technologies to industrial sectors like oil refining, cement production, and iron and steel manufacturing.
Apec workshop 2 presentation 5 e apec workshop mexico capture technologies ...Global CCS Institute
This document summarizes different carbon capture technologies including post-combustion, pre-combustion, and oxy-combustion capture systems. For post-combustion, the most common technology is chemical absorption using amine-based solvents. Pre-combustion capture separates CO2 from syngas before combustion using physical solvents like Selexol. Oxy-combustion produces a concentrated CO2 stream for storage by combusting fuels in oxygen instead of air. The document also discusses applying these technologies to industrial sectors such as oil refining, cement production, and iron and steel manufacturing.
T.H. Chemicals wants to produce nitrogen, oxygen, and argon from air using cryogenic distillation. Cryogenic air separation is the dominant technology for producing large quantities of high-purity liquified gases. The process involves compressing and cooling air, removing impurities via membrane separation, further cooling the air using heat exchangers, and fractionating the components in distillation columns. Oxygen is recovered from the bottom of the low pressure column at 99.49% purity, nitrogen from the top at 99.275% purity, and argon from the middle. Heat integration occurs between the condenser and reboiler to improve efficiency.
This document provides an overview of Ceilcote Air Pollution Control, including its history, capabilities, products, and experience with various air pollution control applications. Ceilcote has offices globally and over 50 years of experience with more than 1000 installations. Their products and systems are used for applications such as solar/microelectronics, chemical processes, waste water treatment, and incineration.
1. PCI VSA Oxygen Systems Pure Oxygen in Water & Wastewater Treatment March, 2010
2. Oxygen in Water & Wastewater Odor Control – Lift Stations/Headworks Replace traditional aeration in WWTP Lake oxygenation Ozone disinfection feed gas Remediation (ozone and HIPOX)
3. Traditional Aeration Many different types of aerators; surface, course bubble, fine bubble, etc. Most significant energy consumption >60% of plant energy use. Mixing and oxygen transfer inherently linked. May be susceptible to fouling incurring high maintenance & energy costs, and oxygen transfer limitations. Clogged Polyurethane diffuser plate after 9 months of use.
4. Pure Oxygen Use in WWT UNOX – Introduced by Linde in 1968 OASES – Developed by Air Products/now owned by Kruger Many gas companies use technology to sell their molecules – Captive Technology Schematic of UNOX Process.
5. Why Pure Oxygen Water solubility of pure oxygen at 25oC and 1 atm. is 40 mg/L water. Using air the oxygen partial pressure is 0.2 atm. This results in oxygen dissolution of 40X 0.2 = 8 mg O2/L in water. D.O. is often a limitation in WWT that can be addressed by exploiting properties of pure oxygen. Pure O2 can significantly increase DO levels Oxygen (Using Air) Solubility in Clean Water
6. Advantages of Pure Oxygen Reduced reactor size/footprint Reduced energy consumption Reduced VOC stripping and odors Reduced foaming issues Separate mixing and oxygen requirements Less susceptible to low alpha factors To achieve benefits of pure oxygen, take advantage of 1/5 volume of gas and higher dissolution capabilities. Pure oxygen alone is not the answer Must be coupled with synergistic application technology
7. Exploiting Potential of Pure Oxygen Speece Cone from ECO2 System dissolves O2 at 90-95% absorption efficiency to achieve D.O. concentrations of 50 to >150 mg/L Applications: Odor Control Reservoir Oxygenation
8. Exploiting Potential of Pure Oxygen (2) SDOXTMfrom SDOX System dissolves O2 at 99% absorption efficiency to achieve D.O. concentrations of 300 to 350 mg/L Applications: Odor Control WWTP Reservoir Oxygenation
9. Exploiting Potential of Pure Oxygen (3) Dissolved Oxygen Augmentationfrom Dynamox Dynamox system dissolves O2 at 99% absorption efficiency to achieve D.O. concentrations of 800 mg/L Applications: Odor Control WWTP Reservoir Oxygenation
10. Exploiting Potential of Pure Oxygen (4) OxyMBRfrom Suitable for flows < 25,000 m3/day High Strength Wastes 2,500 – 50,000 COD Applications: Industrial & Municipal WWT
11. Exploiting Potential of Pure Oxygen (5) Biobooster PBR & MBR from Targeted for high strength wastes Applications: Typically Industrial WWT
12. Exploiting Potential of Pure Oxygen (6) UnderWaterOxygenator (UWO) from Oxygen injection in wastewater aeration basins: 9.35 lbs O2/hp-h Applications: Secondary treatment at WWTP’s
13. Exploiting Potential of Pure Oxygen (7) HiPox – Ozone/ Hydrogen Peroxide Remediation Ex-Situ Remediation Applications: Remediation of contaminated ground water
14. Oxygen Supply Map Cyl 2 Bed VSA PSA O2 Purity (%) 1 Bed VSA TPD or 000 SCFH
21. PSA vs. PCI VSA Technology Schematic -18- PSAVSA Power (kWh / m3): 1.50.8 # Main Components: 64 # of Process Valves: 103 Metrics (200 lpm @ 55 psig): COMPLEX PSA TECHNOLOGY SIMPLIFIED VSA TECHNOLOGY O2 Buffer Tank Oil-free O2Compressor Product Valves Adsorber Vessel O2 Buffer Tank Adsorber Vessel Adsorber Vessel Reversible Blower Inlet Feed & Vent Valves Vent Inlet Vent Dryer Feed Buffer Tank Compressor
22. DOCSOperating Cost Examples -19- Product Platform DOCS 200 845 lbs/day DOCS 66 280 lbs/day DOCS 500 2100 lbs/day DOCS Operating Cost per ccf (per m3) $0.31($0.11) $0.25 ($0.09) $0.21 ($0.07) Typical PSA Operating Cost per ccf (per m3) $0.55 - $0.85 ($0.20 - $0.30) LOX Delivered Cost per ccf (per m3) $0.35 – more than $10.00 ($0.12 – more than $3.00) Notes: - ccf is hundred cubic feet which is a common term in the industrial gas industry - @ 55 psig (~ 4 barg) output pressure and 93% purity. *DOCS 66 delivers ~ 5 m3/hr, DOCS 200 delivers ~ 15 m3/hr @ 90% purity. - Includes energy ($0.10/kWh) and Preventive Maintenance cost.
23. Typical Oxygen Application Examples -20- DOCS 500 at PCI Open House DOCS 200 at Industrial WWTP Aquaculture Mobile Field Hospital Wastewater: Odor Control at Lift Station GroundwaterRemediation
24. Summary Long history of oxygen use in Water Treatment UNOX, OASES Emerging Applications – Speece Cone, Blue In Green, Grundfos It all starts with low cost, reliable oxygen supply PCI’s Oxygen VSA Technology Advantages Extremely low power consumption Very few components – low maintenance cost Leading to very low operating cost Best on-site oxygen solution available Your questions, please! -21-
25. For more information, contact: Dave Schneider, Sales Director, Western US dschneider@pci-intl.com, 951-567-3177 Tom Elzey, Sales Director, Eastern US telzey@pci-intl.com, 951-847-6169 Pacific Consolidated Industries 12201 Magnolia Avenue Riverside, CA 92503-4820 USA (951) 479-0860 – phone (951) 479-0861 – fax oxygen@pci-intl.com www.pci-intl.com
Editor's Notes
These are some of the applications of pure oxygen in water treatment including both drinking water and wastewater.
Aeration is by far the biggest consumer of energy in water treatment consuming > 60% of all energy in the plant. The standard for many years has been air diffusion with fine bubble becoming the predominate method by which oxygen is injected into wastewater.
Pure oxygen in waste water is not new. It’s been used in many plants for over 40 years starting with the UNOX and OASES processes. These were innovative uses of pure oxygen at the time, but as with everything, technology advances and new applications are emerging that exploit pure oxygen’s unique properties. One thing to note: many of these emerging technologies are coming from companies that are not aligned with the major industrial gas companies so they are open to various sources of oxygen such as onsite generation. One inhibition to market adoption may be that in the past many pure oxygen water treatment processes were captive technologies that are tied to the molecules delivered from industrial gas companies.
Under standard conditions (25 C or 77 F and atmospheric pressure) the maximum DO level that can be achieved with standard aeration is 8 mg/l. Under these same conditions, if you substitute pure oxygen, a maximum DO level that can be achieved is 5 times greater at 40 mg/l. The chart on the left also indicates that as temperature increases, it will be more difficult to achieve higher DO levels, but it also shows that if you increase the pressure of the system you can increase the DO levels significantly. This is unrealistic in a standard aeration system because the power to compress air is significant. When working with pure oxygen however, you’re dealing with 1/5 the volume of gas with a much greater driving force (higher concentration) to significantly increase DO levels which leads to shorter retention times and smaller reactor volumes. The chart on the left is an example of a company that is taking advantage of the unique properties of pure oxygen. At atmosperic pressure you can see that pure oxygen starts at about 40 mg/ whereas air is starting at around 8. Using a pressurized bioreactor, this company, Grundfos, is taking advantage of the fact that oxygen concentration increases faster with pure oxygen as opposed to air. The take away from this slide is that pure oxygen may be the answer to DO limited water treatment process, however pure oxygen presents an opportunity to couple it with application equipment that can exploit it’s unique features to achieve a synergistic benefit. There are many companies that are exploiting these features such as Aqua Aerobics, Grundfos, Eco2, Blue in Green, etc.
The advantages of pure oxygen have been well documented and have been implemented in many WWT processes including activated sludge and more recently MBBR, and IFAS. Again, it is important to note that pure oxygen alone is not the answer but coupling it with application equipment that can achieve high transfer efficiencies can save a substantial amount of power and maintenance costs.
To meet varying loads and up to 40 to 60 TPD, PCI has many blower package options and configurations which will depend on operating parameters. This is just an example of a 20 TPD plant.