This document summarizes basic electronic circuit elements and semiconductor components. It discusses the four main basic circuit elements - resistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes - and describes what they are and how they function. It also explains semiconductors like silicon and germanium, the doping process, transistors, and integrated circuits. The document concludes that basic circuit elements control electrical signals and semiconductors have properties used to create transistors and integrated circuits that form the basis of modern electronics.

1. GROUP 1
BASIC ELECTRONIC
CIRCUIT SYSTEM
AND SEMICONDUCTOR

2. •Basic Electronic Circuit Elements: Basic electronic
circuit elements are the fundamental components
used in electronic circuits. They are passive
elements that can manipulate and control electrical
signals. The most common basic electronic circuit
elements include resistors, capacitors, inductors,
and diodes.

3. • 1. Resistors: Resistors are passive components that resist
the flow of electrical current. They are used to control and
limit the amount of current flowing through a circuit.
Resistors are characterized by their resistance value,
which is measured in ohms (Ω). They can be used to
regulate voltage, divide voltage, and limit current in
electronic circuits.

4. • 2. Capacitors: Capacitors store and release electrical charge.
They consist of two conductive plates separated by an
insulating material called a dielectric. Capacitors are used to
store energy, filter signals, and stabilize voltage levels in
electronic circuits. Capacitance, measured in farads (F),
represents the ability of a capacitor to store charge.

5. • 3. Inductors: Inductors are passive components that store
energy in a magnetic field. They are typically made by
winding a wire around a core. Inductors resist changes in
current flow, making them useful in smoothing out voltage
levels and filtering unwanted signals. The inductance of an
inductor is measured in henries (H).

6. • 4. Diodes: Diodes are semiconductor devices that allow
current to flow in one direction but block it in the opposite
direction. They are made from semiconductor materials
such as silicon or germanium. Diodes are used in
rectification, signal demodulation, voltage regulation, and
switching applications.

7. •Semiconductors: Semiconductors are materials that
possess electrical conductivity between that of
conductors (metals) and insulators. They have a
unique property where their conductivity can be
altered by adding impurities or applying electric
fields. Semiconductors are the basis of modern
electronics and are used in various electronic
devices and integrated circuits.

8. • 1. Silicon and Germanium: Silicon (Si) and germanium (Ge)
are the most commonly used semiconductor materials.
They have four valence electrons, which makes them ideal
for forming a crystalline structure. Silicon and germanium
are used to create the majority of semiconductor devices.

9. • 2. Doping: Doping is the process of intentionally adding
impurities to a semiconductor material to modify its
electrical properties. By introducing impurities with either
extra or fewer valence electrons, the conductivity of the
semiconductor can be enhanced (n-type) or reduced (p-
type).

10. • 3. Transistors: Transistors are key semiconductor devices
used in electronic circuits. They are made from doped
silicon or germanium and have three layers: the emitter,
base, and collector. Transistors can amplify signals, switch
currents, and perform various functions in electronic circuits.
They are the building blocks of digital logic circuits and
integrated circuits.

11. • 4. Integrated Circuits: Integrated circuits (Ics) are
miniaturized electronic circuits that incorporate multiple
semiconductor devices, such as transistors, resistors, and
capacitors, onto a single chip. Ics revolutionized the
electronics industry by enabling the production of compact,
powerful, and versatile electronic systems.

12. •In summary, basic electronic circuit elements such
as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and diodes are
passive components used to control and manipulate
electrical signals. Semiconductors, such as silicon
and germanium, are materials with unique electrical
properties that form the basis of modern electronics.
They are used to create transistors, integrated
circuits, and various electronic devices.

13. GROUP 1
MEMBERS:
Jerry O. Arcillas
Jenry M. Lagunay
Rhay Nicolai A. Mabini
Christian Franz A. Mendoza
Rogelio L. Oyangoren
Neil Kay B. Palomares
Klient John Mike P. Villarin