1. At the end of this sessions, the
students are able to:
1. Describe the parts of semiconductors and uses of
semiconductors.
2. Define the meaning of each parts of
semiconductors.
3. Explain the characteristics of each parts of
semiconductors.
3. .1 Semiconductors are materials which have a
conductivity between conductors (generally
metals) and nonconductors or insulators (such as
most ceramics). Semiconductors can be pure
elements, such as silicon or germanium, or
compounds such as gallium arsenide or cadmium
selenide.
4. What is the functions of
Semiconductors?
It controls and manages the flow of electric
current in electronic equipment and devices. As
a result, it is a popular component of electronic
chips made for computing components and a
variety of electronic devices, including solid-
state storage.
5. Components of Semiconductors:
Electronics chips
An electronic chip is also known as
an integrated circuit. It consists of
components such as transistors,
resistors and diodes which are all
contained in one small plate. The
plate will be made from a
semiconductor material, most often
silicone.
6. What is diodes?
A diode is an electronic component
that directs the flow of electricity in a
single direction. These are called
"active components" and are basic
components of semiconductors. They
can regulate the flow of electricity,
maintain a constant voltage, and
extract signals from radio waves.
7. Uses of diodes;
Diodes can be used as rectifiers, signal limiters,
voltage regulators, switches, signal modulators,
signal mixers, signal demodulators, and
oscillators. The fundamental property of a diode
is its tendency to conduct electric current in
only one direction.
8. What is resistors?
The resistor is a passive
electrical component that
creates resistance in the
flow of electric current. In
almost all electrical
networks and electronic ..
9. Uses of resistors;
A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical
component that implements electrical
resistance as a circuit element. In electronic
circuits, resistors are used to reduce current
flow, adjust signal levels, to divide voltages, bias
active elements, and terminate transmission
lines, among other uses.
12. What is Integrated Circuit.
An integrated circuit, also known as a microchip or IC,
is a small electronic device made up of multiple
interconnected electronic components such as
transistors, resistors, and capacitors, These
components are etched onto a small piece of
semiconductor material usually silicon.
14. Uses of Integrated circuits;
Integrated circuits are used in a wide range of
electronic devices, including computers, smartphones,
and televisions, to perform various functions such as
processing and storing information. They have greatly
impacted the field of electronics by enabling device
miniaturization and enhanced functionality.
15. Electronic Transformers
The transformer is referred to be a
step-up transformer if the secondary
winding has more turns than the
primary winding and the secondary
voltage is higher than the primary
voltage. The transformer is called a
step-down transformer when the
secondary winding has fewer turns
than the primary winding and the
secondary voltage is lower than the
primary voltage.
16. .2 How semiconductors are
utilized?
Semiconductors are employed in the manufacture of
various kinds of electronic devices, including diodes,
transistors, and integrated circuits. Such devices have
found wide application because of their
compactness, reliability, power efficiency, and low
cost
17. .3 The current and the free
electrons in the semiconductors.
What are semiconductors most used for?
Semiconductors are an essential component of
electronic devices, enabling advances in
communications, computing, healthcare, military
systems, transportation, clean energy, and countless
other applications.
18. If a voltage is connected across N-type crystal free electrons will move towards the positive
terminal. If we have a battery and we have it connected N-type material those free electrons,
remember current flow is negative to positive, those free electrons are going to be attracted
to the positive terminal.
23. Example of Germanium
What objects are made of germanium?
Germanium is key to fibre optic cables
and also used in high-speed computer
chips and plastics as well as infrared
radiation. The metal and its oxides are
used in military applications like night-
vision devices as well as satellite imagery
sensors. It is also important for low-
carbon technologies such as solar cells.
25. .5 The characteristics of
semiconductors.
Photoelectric effect
Thermoelectric effect
Communicating action
Hall effect
26. Photoelectric effect
What is the photoelectric effect?
When light shines on a metal,
electrons can be ejected from the
surface of the metal in a phenomenon
known as the photoelectric effect.
This process is also often referred to
as photoemission, and the electrons
that are ejected from the metal are
called photoelectrons.
27. Thermoelectric effect
The thermoelectric effect
consists of generating
electromotive force under the
influence of a temperature
gradient. A thermoelectric device
is comprised of one p-doped and
one n-doped semiconductor
connected to form a p–n junction
arranged as shown in Figure
10.10. Two electrodes are
attached to the semiconductors.
28. What is the Characteristics of
Photoelectric Effect?
