health publications :
These “basic six” services were: vital statistics, communicable disease control, environmental sanitation, public health laboratory services, maternal and child health services, and public health education
ON 31st May 2020, which is celebrated as World NO Tobacco Day and always focus on eradicating tobacco. The theme of 2020 is - THE SECRET'S OUT- TOBACCO EXPOSED.
In this presentation I have explained the composition of Cigarette and all the ill-effects of tobacco on various human body parts.
I have also tried my level best to help the ones who wanted to quit smoking.
Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of disease including many cancers and non-communicable diseases, so why not make every day a World No Tobacco Day with the CANSA’S eKick Butt Programme – a unique online smoking cessation programme.
Tobacco contains nicotine, a powerful and highly addictive substance, and most tobacco products deliver nicotine to the brain very effectively, bringing on the rapid onset and maintenance of addiction. This addiction leads to the unfortunate situation where an otherwise motivated, knowledgeable person, who understands the risks of tobacco, continues to use it.
http://www.cansa.org.za/avoid-tobacco/
ON 31st May 2020, which is celebrated as World NO Tobacco Day and always focus on eradicating tobacco. The theme of 2020 is - THE SECRET'S OUT- TOBACCO EXPOSED.
In this presentation I have explained the composition of Cigarette and all the ill-effects of tobacco on various human body parts.
I have also tried my level best to help the ones who wanted to quit smoking.
Tobacco use is the single most preventable cause of disease including many cancers and non-communicable diseases, so why not make every day a World No Tobacco Day with the CANSA’S eKick Butt Programme – a unique online smoking cessation programme.
Tobacco contains nicotine, a powerful and highly addictive substance, and most tobacco products deliver nicotine to the brain very effectively, bringing on the rapid onset and maintenance of addiction. This addiction leads to the unfortunate situation where an otherwise motivated, knowledgeable person, who understands the risks of tobacco, continues to use it.
http://www.cansa.org.za/avoid-tobacco/
Youth Targeted by Tobacco Industry
On World No Tobacco Day, 31 May 2014, CANSA places the focus on tobacco use amongst the youth. Young adulthood is the period when our youth are most susceptible and vulnerable to commence smoking and they are thus a main target for the tobacco industry. We need to protect our youth from the harmful effects of tobacco and the industry’s manipulation to make them nicotine addicts.
http://www.cansa.org.za/avoid-tobacco/
CANSA supports the call from the Secretariat of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control that requires tobacco products to have plain packaging and graphic warning signs.
Plain packaging is an important reduction measure, making tobacco products less attractive, restricting the use of tobacco packaging to be used as a form of advertising and limiting misleading packaging and labelling. And the use of graphic (pictorial) package warnings will show the serious harmful effects of tobacco use.
Plain packaging restricts the use of logos, colours, brand images and promotional information. Other countries that have implemented plain packaging are UK, Northern Ireland and France who all passed laws to implement plain packaging as from May 2016. Tobacco consumption in Australia decreased by 13% during the three years since plain packaging was introduced.
Read more: http://www.cansa.org.za/plain-packaging-of-tobacco-products/
Smoking Robs Your Health and Your Wallet
Tobacco use is a threat to any person, regardless of gender, age, and race, cultural or educational background that causes over 18 types of cancer, and accounts for over 20% of cancer deaths worldwide. CANSA advocates stopping the use of any and all tobacco products.
Tobacco can be found in many forms, and all tobacco use is harmful. “People only think of cigarette smoking when you talk about tobacco, but it goes beyond that. They need to be aware that hubbly bubbly and e-cigarettes are just as harmful to your health and the health of those around you. It’s not just the smoker who has increased risk of disease, but also people exposed to second-hand smoke,” says CANSA Health Specialist, Prof Michael Herbst.
Tobacco Products Expensive
On top of the health implications, tobacco products are getting more expensive and are creating a huge negative impact on the economy.
Learn more: http://www.cansa.org.za/avoid-tobacco/
Youth Targeted by Tobacco Industry
On World No Tobacco Day, 31 May 2014, CANSA places the focus on tobacco use amongst the youth. Young adulthood is the period when our youth are most susceptible and vulnerable to commence smoking and they are thus a main target for the tobacco industry. We need to protect our youth from the harmful effects of tobacco and the industry’s manipulation to make them nicotine addicts.
http://www.cansa.org.za/avoid-tobacco/
CANSA supports the call from the Secretariat of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control that requires tobacco products to have plain packaging and graphic warning signs.
Plain packaging is an important reduction measure, making tobacco products less attractive, restricting the use of tobacco packaging to be used as a form of advertising and limiting misleading packaging and labelling. And the use of graphic (pictorial) package warnings will show the serious harmful effects of tobacco use.
Plain packaging restricts the use of logos, colours, brand images and promotional information. Other countries that have implemented plain packaging are UK, Northern Ireland and France who all passed laws to implement plain packaging as from May 2016. Tobacco consumption in Australia decreased by 13% during the three years since plain packaging was introduced.
Read more: http://www.cansa.org.za/plain-packaging-of-tobacco-products/
Smoking Robs Your Health and Your Wallet
Tobacco use is a threat to any person, regardless of gender, age, and race, cultural or educational background that causes over 18 types of cancer, and accounts for over 20% of cancer deaths worldwide. CANSA advocates stopping the use of any and all tobacco products.
Tobacco can be found in many forms, and all tobacco use is harmful. “People only think of cigarette smoking when you talk about tobacco, but it goes beyond that. They need to be aware that hubbly bubbly and e-cigarettes are just as harmful to your health and the health of those around you. It’s not just the smoker who has increased risk of disease, but also people exposed to second-hand smoke,” says CANSA Health Specialist, Prof Michael Herbst.
Tobacco Products Expensive
On top of the health implications, tobacco products are getting more expensive and are creating a huge negative impact on the economy.
Learn more: http://www.cansa.org.za/avoid-tobacco/
What is public health summary?
Public health is the science of protecting and improving the health of people and their communities. This work is achieved by promoting healthy lifestyles, researching disease and injury prevention, and detecting, preventing and responding to infectious diseases.
How many patients does case series should have In comparison to case reports.pdfpubrica101
Pubrica’s team of researchers and writers create scientific and medical research articles, which may be important resources for authors and practitioners. Pubrica medical writers assist you in creating and revising the introduction by alerting the reader to gaps in the chosen study subject. Our professionals understand the order in which the hypothesis topic is followed by the broad subject, the issue, and the backdrop.
https://pubrica.com/academy/case-study-or-series/how-many-patients-does-case-series-should-have-in-comparison-to-case-reports/
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
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One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
Artificial Intelligence to Optimize Cardiovascular Therapy
PBH 101-Module 7A Lecture # 9.ppt
1. Introduction to Public Health
Module # 7A
Lecture # 9
Tobacco consumption/ smoking with impact and its prevention
DR. SHAIKH ABDUS SALAM
Dept. of Public Health
North south University
2. By the end of this lecture you will be able to:
o Conceptualize
• The harmful effects of tobacco consumption.
• Smoking behaviors.
• planning & policies to control smoking tobacco
o Understand the feasibilities of reducing manufacturing and
consumption of tobacco in Bangladesh.
OBJECTIVES OF THE LECTURE
Dr. Shaikh Abdus Salam 1
3. Dr. Shaikh Abdus Salam
Smoking and it’s impacts on health
SMOKING AND IT’S
IMPACTS ON HEALTH
& SOCIETY
4. Tobacco History
• Jean Nicot de Villemain introduces
tobacco to France, promotes importation
and cultivation (1556)
• Chewed recreationally, used for ailments
(e.g. headaches, colds) in Europe
(1500s)
• Tobacco becomes major cash crop of
American colonies, spurring demand for
slave labor (1600s)
9. 9
There are over 4,000 chemicals in tobacco
smoke
Each puff on a cigarette delivers nicotine to your brain within a few seconds.
However, the Nicotine levels in your blood drop quickly after your cigarette is done.
After 20 or 30 minutes you may feel the urge to smoke again.
13. Who are at risk to get Tobacco?
Early adolescents age group
Males are more prone
Not going to school
Related with tobacco trades
Parents are tobacco consumers/traders
Peer pressure
Curiosity etc.
Dr. Shaikh Abdus Salam
14. Dr. Shaikh Abdus Salam
• Tobacco Smoking: The Deadliest Habit
• Asbestos exposure
• Family history
• Recurring Inflammation of the lung
• Carcinogens in the workplace
• Marijuana use
• Radon exposure
• Indoor & Outdoor air pollution
15. Why tobacco is more addictive?
The nicotine ( a deadly poison) is having the
following effect on Nervous system :
Decrease the anxiety/stress.
Increase the concentration
Increase the short term memory
Arousal/ stimulate CNS
Stabilizing the mood
Control the daily emotion etc.
Dr. Shaikh Abdus Salam
16. Bangladesh & Tobacco
• Tobacco control is a complex issue in Bangladesh
– Diverse types of tobacco products used
– Large number of user
– Tobacco producing country
– Low income country with limited resource for tobacco
control
16
20. Chemical Box:
What’s in Tobacco?
Tar: black sticky substance used to pave roads
Nicotine: Insecticide
Carbon Monoxide: Car exhaust
Acetone: Finger nail polish remover
Ammonia: Toilet Cleaner
Cadmium: used batteries
Ethanol: Alcohol
Arsenic: Rat poison
Butane: Lighter Fluid
20
21. Nicotine
Poisonous
More addictive than cocaine and heroine
So powerful that farmers can’t use it to kill insects
Legal addiction
Use results in emotional dependence
Mood leveler
Users rely on it to control emotional responses to
everyday life
21
22. Carbon Monoxide
The compound in car exhaust that
causes death
Causes shortness of breath
Reduces the amount of oxygen blood
can carry
22
23. Tar
Sticky Residue that stains the
fingers and teeth.
Contains benzopyrene, one of the
deadliest cancer causing agents
known.
23
24. Chemicals
Acetone: fingernail polish remover
Ammonia: floor/toilet cleaner
Cadmium: batteries
Arsenic: rat poison
Methane: cow manure fumes
Formaldehyde: preserver of dead bodies
24
37. Emphysema:
37
Healthy lung Emphysematic lung
Symptoms Include
Shortness of breath
Chronic cough
Wheezing
Anxiety
Weight loss
Ankle, feet and leg swelling
fatigue
38. Lung Cancer:
The uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in one or both lungs
38
Lung cancer kills more people than any other
type of cancer
42. When You Quit…
Within One Year:
Risk of coronary heart disease is half that of a smoker
Within Two Years:
Heart attack risk drops to near normal
Within 5 Years:
Lung cancer death rate for average pack-a-day smoker decreases
by almost half
Stroke risk is reduced
Risk of mouth, throat and esophageal cancer is half that of a smoker
42
43. When You Quit…
Within 10 Years:
Lung cancer death rate is similar to that of a person who does not
smoke.
The pre-cancerous cells are replaced.
Within 15 Years:
Risk of coronary heart disease is the same as a person who has
never smoked.
43
44. The Quit Plan:
• Treat yourself well
• Drink lots of water
• Change your routines
• Reduce stress
• Deep breathing
• Regular exercise
• Do something enjoyable every day
• Increase non-smoking social support
• Other ideas?
44
46. Tobacco control
Monitoring--- Who affected, How much affected, age group, types of tobacco
products etc.
Protection of Non smokers
Warning
Enforcement
Support of addicts
Tax increase for all tobacco products
Source reduction
Supply reduction
Demand reduction
Dr. Shaikh Abdus Salam
47. Smoke-free places in Bangladesh
• Schools, day care center, hospitals are 100%
smoke-free by law but universities, other public
places can identify separate smoking area
• 50 taka fine to smokers in public places; no fine for
manager of places
• Restaurants not included as public places but many
restaurants, bus services, launch services declared
as smoke-free voluntarily
47
48. 48
Declaration of smoking area
in a rural market place
Declaration of smoke free area
in a rural school
49. Warn about the dangers of Tobacco
• WNTD observed regularly through
out the country
• Billboards and no smoking signs are
placed
• Good media coverage of tobacco
control activities (both extensive and
supportive) in newspapers, radio,
sometimes TV
49
50. Pack warnings
• 30% of front and back surface
• Six rotating warnings (only one
warning at a time; warnings
change each six months)
• Black letters on white surface
• Specific diseases mentioned
• Huge improvement over earlier
warnings—but still far from optimal
50
52. Raise taxes on tobacco
• Low tax on cigarettes and bidis
• Tax were increased in the last budget on cigarettes
and bidi
• Even lower tax on smokeless products
52