This document discusses the linkages between gender and climate change in Asia and the Pacific region. It finds that women are disproportionately vulnerable to the impacts of climate change due to social inequalities that limit their economic opportunities and political participation. Integrating a gender perspective into climate policies and programs is important to minimize risks to women and ensure the success of adaptation and mitigation efforts.
This document summarizes key findings from 23 Participatory Poverty Assessments across 14 countries regarding links between poverty and the environment from the perspective of poor people. Three main factors were found to determine how well poor people could use, maintain, and control their environmental resources: 1) The local environmental context, including fragile biophysical contexts, natural hazards, and environmental degradation; 2) Political and institutional contexts that marginalized the poor and biased markets and resource allocation against them; 3) How environmental shocks were experienced depended on people's ability to adapt their livelihood strategies, but this was limited by the first two factors.
Women face significant challenges in accessing productive resources like land and capital. While commonly cited statistics about women's contributions to agriculture and poverty rates are often unsupported, there are real gender inequalities. Better data and nuanced analysis are needed to understand intrahousehold dynamics and women's roles in food production and environmental stewardship. Recognizing women's agency and constraints in different contexts can improve policies and interventions.
This document discusses the impact of desertification and dryland projects on women. It finds that desertification has significantly increased women's workloads and responsibilities. Their access to productive assets like land and water has also decreased, straining their ability to support their families. Despite women's important roles and knowledge regarding natural resource management, they are often excluded from participation in land conservation projects, agricultural extension services, and policymaking. The document examines experiences from IFAD-supported programs that have worked to address these issues and more effectively involve women. It identifies lessons learned, such as the importance of strengthening rural women's organizations and applying a gender-focused approach.
Women are disproportionately affected by climate change in several ways:
1) They constitute the majority of the world's poor and are more dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods that are threatened by climate change.
2) Climate change exacerbates issues like food insecurity, loss of biodiversity, water scarcity, and health problems that impact women's lives directly through their roles and responsibilities.
3) Environmental degradation and climate change impacts like flooding and drought increase human migration, which often results in poorer outcomes for women in less developed countries.
Intersections between Poverty, Environment and Inclusive Growth: A Global Per...UNDP Policy Centre
Presentation by Ms. Leisa Perch from the International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) at the II National Development Conference (CODE/IPEA). This presentation is based on largely on IPC-IG's Poverty in Focus magazine #23 and speaks to four key areas/messages: (i) Intersections of environmental risk and poverty and social risk and the environment are fundamental to the inclusiveness of growth; (ii) Both structural and situational in nature, they require solutions that focus on both participation and benefit-sharing; (iii)
Relevant policy innovations exist and need to be up-scaled; (iv) A focus on the quality of growth will be key in sustaining progress.
MDBS Climate change cross-cutting paper v6b Final - namesDr Seán Doolan, MBA
Climate change is already affecting Ghana's economic development and poses challenges to achieving development goals. It acts as a "stress-multiplier" exacerbating existing vulnerabilities. Both adaptation and mitigation efforts are needed, requiring leadership across sectors to build climate resilience. Climate change impacts different regions and populations in Ghana in varying ways, increasing risks for the most vulnerable groups. Responses are needed at national, sectoral, and local levels to safeguard development gains and pursue low-carbon growth opportunities in the face of a changing climate.
Mainstreaming Climate Change in Gender Programming – Leisa Perch Team Leader, Rural and Sustainable Development IPC-IG/UNDP organized for UNIFEM Brazil and Southern Cone The Case for Why?
Gender inequalities intersect with climate risks and vulnerabilities. Women’s historic disadvantages – their limited access to resources, restricted rights, and a muted voice in shaping decisions – make them highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change is likely to magnify existing patterns of gender disadvantage.
Gender And Climate Change – Unifem Brazil August12011Ln Perch
Mainstreaming Climate Change in Gender Programming – Leisa Perch Team Leader, Rural and Sustainable Development IPC-IG/UNDP organized for UNIFEM Brazil and Southern Cone The Case for Why?
Gender inequalities intersect with climate risks and vulnerabilities. Women’s historic disadvantages – their limited access to resources, restricted rights, and a muted voice in shaping decisions – make them highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change is likely to magnify existing patterns of gender disadvantage.
This document summarizes key findings from 23 Participatory Poverty Assessments across 14 countries regarding links between poverty and the environment from the perspective of poor people. Three main factors were found to determine how well poor people could use, maintain, and control their environmental resources: 1) The local environmental context, including fragile biophysical contexts, natural hazards, and environmental degradation; 2) Political and institutional contexts that marginalized the poor and biased markets and resource allocation against them; 3) How environmental shocks were experienced depended on people's ability to adapt their livelihood strategies, but this was limited by the first two factors.
Women face significant challenges in accessing productive resources like land and capital. While commonly cited statistics about women's contributions to agriculture and poverty rates are often unsupported, there are real gender inequalities. Better data and nuanced analysis are needed to understand intrahousehold dynamics and women's roles in food production and environmental stewardship. Recognizing women's agency and constraints in different contexts can improve policies and interventions.
This document discusses the impact of desertification and dryland projects on women. It finds that desertification has significantly increased women's workloads and responsibilities. Their access to productive assets like land and water has also decreased, straining their ability to support their families. Despite women's important roles and knowledge regarding natural resource management, they are often excluded from participation in land conservation projects, agricultural extension services, and policymaking. The document examines experiences from IFAD-supported programs that have worked to address these issues and more effectively involve women. It identifies lessons learned, such as the importance of strengthening rural women's organizations and applying a gender-focused approach.
Women are disproportionately affected by climate change in several ways:
1) They constitute the majority of the world's poor and are more dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods that are threatened by climate change.
2) Climate change exacerbates issues like food insecurity, loss of biodiversity, water scarcity, and health problems that impact women's lives directly through their roles and responsibilities.
3) Environmental degradation and climate change impacts like flooding and drought increase human migration, which often results in poorer outcomes for women in less developed countries.
Intersections between Poverty, Environment and Inclusive Growth: A Global Per...UNDP Policy Centre
Presentation by Ms. Leisa Perch from the International Policy Centre for Inclusive Growth (IPC-IG) at the II National Development Conference (CODE/IPEA). This presentation is based on largely on IPC-IG's Poverty in Focus magazine #23 and speaks to four key areas/messages: (i) Intersections of environmental risk and poverty and social risk and the environment are fundamental to the inclusiveness of growth; (ii) Both structural and situational in nature, they require solutions that focus on both participation and benefit-sharing; (iii)
Relevant policy innovations exist and need to be up-scaled; (iv) A focus on the quality of growth will be key in sustaining progress.
MDBS Climate change cross-cutting paper v6b Final - namesDr Seán Doolan, MBA
Climate change is already affecting Ghana's economic development and poses challenges to achieving development goals. It acts as a "stress-multiplier" exacerbating existing vulnerabilities. Both adaptation and mitigation efforts are needed, requiring leadership across sectors to build climate resilience. Climate change impacts different regions and populations in Ghana in varying ways, increasing risks for the most vulnerable groups. Responses are needed at national, sectoral, and local levels to safeguard development gains and pursue low-carbon growth opportunities in the face of a changing climate.
Mainstreaming Climate Change in Gender Programming – Leisa Perch Team Leader, Rural and Sustainable Development IPC-IG/UNDP organized for UNIFEM Brazil and Southern Cone The Case for Why?
Gender inequalities intersect with climate risks and vulnerabilities. Women’s historic disadvantages – their limited access to resources, restricted rights, and a muted voice in shaping decisions – make them highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change is likely to magnify existing patterns of gender disadvantage.
Gender And Climate Change – Unifem Brazil August12011Ln Perch
Mainstreaming Climate Change in Gender Programming – Leisa Perch Team Leader, Rural and Sustainable Development IPC-IG/UNDP organized for UNIFEM Brazil and Southern Cone The Case for Why?
Gender inequalities intersect with climate risks and vulnerabilities. Women’s historic disadvantages – their limited access to resources, restricted rights, and a muted voice in shaping decisions – make them highly vulnerable to climate change. Climate change is likely to magnify existing patterns of gender disadvantage.
This document summarizes research from projects studying the links between gender, climate change, and agriculture in Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Kenya, and Mali. Some key findings:
1) Women have less access to climate information, technologies, and assets compared to men, putting them at greater risk from climate impacts.
2) Group-based approaches and access to resources can help boost women's resilience, but women face barriers to participation.
3) Studies found gender gaps in awareness, knowledge, and roles regarding adaptation strategies. While policies aim to be gender-sensitive, implementation challenges remain.
This document discusses several social issues in India related to population growth, urbanization, food security, and environmental degradation caused by factors such as industrialization and overuse of natural resources. It then covers topics around sustainable development, including its definition, objectives, and key areas to focus on like improving energy efficiency and managing natural resources. The document also addresses issues related to women and child welfare, as well as HIV/AIDS prevention and transmission. It concludes by discussing water conservation, rainwater harvesting, and watershed management techniques.
This document discusses human population and its relationship to the environment. It covers topics like population ecology, growth, density and carrying capacity. It also discusses factors governing human settlement like land, food, water and energy resources. It describes population pollution due to overpopulation exceeding environmental carrying capacity. Reasons for overpopulation include high birth rates, low death rates, migration and illiteracy. Effects of overpopulation include increased demand for resources and generation of waste. The document also discusses population growth rates, theories of Malthus and Marx, and methods of population control and forecasting.
1) Gender refers to the socially constructed roles and relationships between men and women, while sex refers to biological differences. Gender roles can vary significantly across cultures.
2) Women are often more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because they depend more on natural resources for tasks like collecting water and food. Climate change can increase women's workload and displace them from traditional livelihoods.
3) Youth have an important role to play in addressing climate change through raising awareness, sharing information, and influencing their peers and families to adopt more sustainable lifestyles. As the generation that will face climate change impacts throughout their lifetimes, youth must participate actively in decision-making around this issue.
International conference on population and developmentpadek
This document discusses sustainable development and aims to ensure human well-being while preserving the environment for current and future generations. It notes that population growth, consumption patterns, and environmental degradation are accelerating issues that present challenges but also opportunities to adopt policies and plans that promote sustainability. The document references comments from Al Gore about these issues being among the greatest challenges of the coming century.
Gender consideration in environmental concerns and plansanupriya banerjee
This document discusses gender considerations in environmental concerns and plans, with a special focus on the role of women. It defines key terms like environment, gender, and environmental concerns. It explains how gender relations determine access to resources and power over the environment. Women are disproportionately affected by environmental degradation and pollution due to their roles. The impacts of issues like climate change on women are outlined, as are critical areas of concern and responses through programs and policies. Case studies and ways to involve women in environmental efforts are presented before concluding that women can be the best protectors of nature due to their direct connections and ability to pass on knowledge.
The document discusses bridging the gap between emergency preparedness and response for all communities. It notes that preparedness efforts have not accounted for varying financial resources and that minorities and those with lower incomes are more vulnerable during disasters. It argues that environmental education and preparedness programs need to consider the distinct demographic characteristics of communities to be effective and ensure social and environmental justice. The document concludes by stressing the importance of understanding coupled human-environment systems and social determinants of health to promote resilience for all.
Problem arising from growth of human populationSadia Rahat
The human population is a major underlying environmental issue because the large number of people and their impact on the environment has led to significant environmental damage. While population growth has occurred throughout history, the current situation of over 6.6 billion people is unprecedented and poses a threat to long term sustainability of resources. Two key factors that influence the human impact on the environment are population size and the impact of each individual, both of which have increased substantially in modern times due to growth and technology. Addressing population growth through methods like family planning programs will be important to mitigate environmental problems.
The document discusses the relationship between women and the environment. It notes that in the 1970s, Esther Boserup's book sparked interest in this topic. In the 1980s, policymakers began considering gender issues in environmental management. Women often have profound traditional knowledge of the natural world. The document also discusses how women's roles in agriculture and as gatherers of wood fuel came under increased scrutiny. It notes that environmental development has significant impacts on women.
Relationship Between Population,Environment and Developmenteshamwata
This document discusses the relationship between population growth, development, and the environment. It notes that population growth and increased development activities place stress on the Earth's natural resources and can lead to environmental degradation. Several schools of thought are described that have different perspectives on this relationship, such as Malthusians who believe population growth will exceed resources, and neoclassical economists who believe human innovation will overcome resource scarcity. The document outlines global efforts to address the impacts of population growth on the environment since the 1970s. It concludes that alleviating poverty, empowering women, and developing more sustainable lifestyles are critical to providing a decent quality of life without damaging the environment.
This document discusses the causes and effects of rapid population growth and urbanization. It notes that population growth is driven by factors like increased childbirth rates, decreased death rates, early marriage, and illiteracy. This rapid growth leads to problems like food shortages, poor health, lack of education facilities, environmental degradation, and hindered economic progress. Urbanization also causes issues such as depletion of land and water resources, pollution, and the creation of slums. The document recommends adopting family planning programs, providing birth control information and access, and legalizing abortions to help control the fast population growth rate. It describes various birth control techniques like sterilization, oral contraceptives, IUDs, and traditional barriers that
11.exploring the link between poverty pollution-population (0003www.iiste.org...Alexander Decker
This document examines the link between poverty, population growth, and air pollution (carbon dioxide emissions) in Pakistan from 1975 to 2009. It finds:
1) Population growth and air pollution significantly contribute to increasing poverty in Pakistan based on OLS regression analysis. However, poverty is not found to be a major direct cause of environmental degradation.
2) There is a stable long-run relationship between population, poverty, and pollution in Pakistan according to bounds testing.
3) Unidirectional causality is found from population to carbon dioxide emissions based on causality testing.
4) Poverty in Pakistan increased during the post-reform period due to ineffective pro-poor policies, and population growth also
Land accessibility the burden on socio – economic livelihood of women in akpo...Alexander Decker
The document examines how land accessibility and land use change has created a socio-economic burden for women in Akpor Clan, Rivers State, Nigeria. It finds that as traditional farmland has been converted to other uses like residential and commercial due to population growth and policy changes, women have lost access and rights to the land they depend on for subsistence farming and livelihoods. This has increased unemployment, lowered household incomes, and forced women to take on informal jobs to support their families' needs.
The document discusses the major increases in human population and consumption that are putting significant stress on the environment. The growth of the human population from millions to billions in just a few centuries due to technology and medicine is depleting resources and damaging ecosystems. Continued population and economic growth will further degrade the environment unless new technologies can be developed to mitigate these problems. Engineers have a key role to play in measuring environmental impacts, creating sustainable technologies, and helping develop solutions to address the challenges of supporting the human population while protecting the planet.
The Women Delegates Fund provides financial support to help women delegates from developing countries participate in United Nations climate change negotiations and conferences. The fund helps address the gender imbalance in climate change negotiations by supporting women's participation and representation from developing nations. It aims to promote women's leadership and meaningful involvement in the global climate change decision-making process.
This document provides a summary of a research report on supplier development programs (SDPs) in South Africa. It begins with an introduction on SDPs and their goals. It then reviews challenges facing small and medium enterprises (SMMEs) based on international literature as well as South Africa's experience. Next, it describes several existing South African organizations and their SDPs. It analyzes data collected from SMMEs and large businesses on their procurement processes, challenges working together, and recommendations. The document concludes with recommendations and an action plan to help SMMEs better access corporate supply markets through improved SDPs.
This document discusses how climate change is increasing disaster risk in Europe and Central Asia through higher temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and more extreme weather. It recommends that countries in the region focus on adapting to climate change by reducing vulnerability and planning for natural disaster risk mitigation. Specifically, the document suggests financial and insurance instruments, risk mitigation measures like infrastructure improvements, and stronger emergency management systems to help countries cope with increasing extreme weather events from climate change.
The document discusses measures taken by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to promote financial inclusion in India. It notes that while some progress has been made, 40% of Indians still lack access to banking services due to factors like poverty, illiteracy and lack of infrastructure. Some key measures discussed include no-frills bank accounts without minimum balances, simplified KYC norms, use of business correspondents and intermediaries in rural areas, financial literacy programs, easier credit options, and the use of technology and electronic transfers to expand access. The RBI has also directed banks to submit financial inclusion plans and open more branches in unbanked rural areas. While more efforts are needed, banks also need to exercise caution to prevent
This document summarizes research from projects studying the links between gender, climate change, and agriculture in Ethiopia, Bangladesh, Kenya, and Mali. Some key findings:
1) Women have less access to climate information, technologies, and assets compared to men, putting them at greater risk from climate impacts.
2) Group-based approaches and access to resources can help boost women's resilience, but women face barriers to participation.
3) Studies found gender gaps in awareness, knowledge, and roles regarding adaptation strategies. While policies aim to be gender-sensitive, implementation challenges remain.
This document discusses several social issues in India related to population growth, urbanization, food security, and environmental degradation caused by factors such as industrialization and overuse of natural resources. It then covers topics around sustainable development, including its definition, objectives, and key areas to focus on like improving energy efficiency and managing natural resources. The document also addresses issues related to women and child welfare, as well as HIV/AIDS prevention and transmission. It concludes by discussing water conservation, rainwater harvesting, and watershed management techniques.
This document discusses human population and its relationship to the environment. It covers topics like population ecology, growth, density and carrying capacity. It also discusses factors governing human settlement like land, food, water and energy resources. It describes population pollution due to overpopulation exceeding environmental carrying capacity. Reasons for overpopulation include high birth rates, low death rates, migration and illiteracy. Effects of overpopulation include increased demand for resources and generation of waste. The document also discusses population growth rates, theories of Malthus and Marx, and methods of population control and forecasting.
1) Gender refers to the socially constructed roles and relationships between men and women, while sex refers to biological differences. Gender roles can vary significantly across cultures.
2) Women are often more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because they depend more on natural resources for tasks like collecting water and food. Climate change can increase women's workload and displace them from traditional livelihoods.
3) Youth have an important role to play in addressing climate change through raising awareness, sharing information, and influencing their peers and families to adopt more sustainable lifestyles. As the generation that will face climate change impacts throughout their lifetimes, youth must participate actively in decision-making around this issue.
International conference on population and developmentpadek
This document discusses sustainable development and aims to ensure human well-being while preserving the environment for current and future generations. It notes that population growth, consumption patterns, and environmental degradation are accelerating issues that present challenges but also opportunities to adopt policies and plans that promote sustainability. The document references comments from Al Gore about these issues being among the greatest challenges of the coming century.
Gender consideration in environmental concerns and plansanupriya banerjee
This document discusses gender considerations in environmental concerns and plans, with a special focus on the role of women. It defines key terms like environment, gender, and environmental concerns. It explains how gender relations determine access to resources and power over the environment. Women are disproportionately affected by environmental degradation and pollution due to their roles. The impacts of issues like climate change on women are outlined, as are critical areas of concern and responses through programs and policies. Case studies and ways to involve women in environmental efforts are presented before concluding that women can be the best protectors of nature due to their direct connections and ability to pass on knowledge.
The document discusses bridging the gap between emergency preparedness and response for all communities. It notes that preparedness efforts have not accounted for varying financial resources and that minorities and those with lower incomes are more vulnerable during disasters. It argues that environmental education and preparedness programs need to consider the distinct demographic characteristics of communities to be effective and ensure social and environmental justice. The document concludes by stressing the importance of understanding coupled human-environment systems and social determinants of health to promote resilience for all.
Problem arising from growth of human populationSadia Rahat
The human population is a major underlying environmental issue because the large number of people and their impact on the environment has led to significant environmental damage. While population growth has occurred throughout history, the current situation of over 6.6 billion people is unprecedented and poses a threat to long term sustainability of resources. Two key factors that influence the human impact on the environment are population size and the impact of each individual, both of which have increased substantially in modern times due to growth and technology. Addressing population growth through methods like family planning programs will be important to mitigate environmental problems.
The document discusses the relationship between women and the environment. It notes that in the 1970s, Esther Boserup's book sparked interest in this topic. In the 1980s, policymakers began considering gender issues in environmental management. Women often have profound traditional knowledge of the natural world. The document also discusses how women's roles in agriculture and as gatherers of wood fuel came under increased scrutiny. It notes that environmental development has significant impacts on women.
Relationship Between Population,Environment and Developmenteshamwata
This document discusses the relationship between population growth, development, and the environment. It notes that population growth and increased development activities place stress on the Earth's natural resources and can lead to environmental degradation. Several schools of thought are described that have different perspectives on this relationship, such as Malthusians who believe population growth will exceed resources, and neoclassical economists who believe human innovation will overcome resource scarcity. The document outlines global efforts to address the impacts of population growth on the environment since the 1970s. It concludes that alleviating poverty, empowering women, and developing more sustainable lifestyles are critical to providing a decent quality of life without damaging the environment.
This document discusses the causes and effects of rapid population growth and urbanization. It notes that population growth is driven by factors like increased childbirth rates, decreased death rates, early marriage, and illiteracy. This rapid growth leads to problems like food shortages, poor health, lack of education facilities, environmental degradation, and hindered economic progress. Urbanization also causes issues such as depletion of land and water resources, pollution, and the creation of slums. The document recommends adopting family planning programs, providing birth control information and access, and legalizing abortions to help control the fast population growth rate. It describes various birth control techniques like sterilization, oral contraceptives, IUDs, and traditional barriers that
11.exploring the link between poverty pollution-population (0003www.iiste.org...Alexander Decker
This document examines the link between poverty, population growth, and air pollution (carbon dioxide emissions) in Pakistan from 1975 to 2009. It finds:
1) Population growth and air pollution significantly contribute to increasing poverty in Pakistan based on OLS regression analysis. However, poverty is not found to be a major direct cause of environmental degradation.
2) There is a stable long-run relationship between population, poverty, and pollution in Pakistan according to bounds testing.
3) Unidirectional causality is found from population to carbon dioxide emissions based on causality testing.
4) Poverty in Pakistan increased during the post-reform period due to ineffective pro-poor policies, and population growth also
Land accessibility the burden on socio – economic livelihood of women in akpo...Alexander Decker
The document examines how land accessibility and land use change has created a socio-economic burden for women in Akpor Clan, Rivers State, Nigeria. It finds that as traditional farmland has been converted to other uses like residential and commercial due to population growth and policy changes, women have lost access and rights to the land they depend on for subsistence farming and livelihoods. This has increased unemployment, lowered household incomes, and forced women to take on informal jobs to support their families' needs.
The document discusses the major increases in human population and consumption that are putting significant stress on the environment. The growth of the human population from millions to billions in just a few centuries due to technology and medicine is depleting resources and damaging ecosystems. Continued population and economic growth will further degrade the environment unless new technologies can be developed to mitigate these problems. Engineers have a key role to play in measuring environmental impacts, creating sustainable technologies, and helping develop solutions to address the challenges of supporting the human population while protecting the planet.
The Women Delegates Fund provides financial support to help women delegates from developing countries participate in United Nations climate change negotiations and conferences. The fund helps address the gender imbalance in climate change negotiations by supporting women's participation and representation from developing nations. It aims to promote women's leadership and meaningful involvement in the global climate change decision-making process.
This document provides a summary of a research report on supplier development programs (SDPs) in South Africa. It begins with an introduction on SDPs and their goals. It then reviews challenges facing small and medium enterprises (SMMEs) based on international literature as well as South Africa's experience. Next, it describes several existing South African organizations and their SDPs. It analyzes data collected from SMMEs and large businesses on their procurement processes, challenges working together, and recommendations. The document concludes with recommendations and an action plan to help SMMEs better access corporate supply markets through improved SDPs.
This document discusses how climate change is increasing disaster risk in Europe and Central Asia through higher temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and more extreme weather. It recommends that countries in the region focus on adapting to climate change by reducing vulnerability and planning for natural disaster risk mitigation. Specifically, the document suggests financial and insurance instruments, risk mitigation measures like infrastructure improvements, and stronger emergency management systems to help countries cope with increasing extreme weather events from climate change.
The document discusses measures taken by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to promote financial inclusion in India. It notes that while some progress has been made, 40% of Indians still lack access to banking services due to factors like poverty, illiteracy and lack of infrastructure. Some key measures discussed include no-frills bank accounts without minimum balances, simplified KYC norms, use of business correspondents and intermediaries in rural areas, financial literacy programs, easier credit options, and the use of technology and electronic transfers to expand access. The RBI has also directed banks to submit financial inclusion plans and open more branches in unbanked rural areas. While more efforts are needed, banks also need to exercise caution to prevent
This document presents the United Nations long-range population projections from the Population Division. It projects world population growth to the year 2300 under three scenarios. The medium scenario projects world population reaching around 10.5 billion by 2050 and stabilizing around 9.4 billion by 2300. Major regions like Africa and Asia will continue growing throughout the projection period. Developed regions will see population declines after peaking mid-century. The report analyzes population trends by region, country rankings by size, growth, fertility and mortality, as well as changes in population density and aging levels globally and regionally to 2300.
The document provides an overview of recent economic progress and challenges in Africa. While several countries experienced strong growth in the late 1990s, averaging 4% annual GDP growth, overall growth for the decade was only 2.1% due to fragility and external shocks. Poverty remains widespread, with over half of Sub-Saharan Africans living on less than $1 per day. Future growth requires structural transformation beyond reliance on commodities as well as integration into regional and global markets to achieve the 7% growth needed to halve poverty by 2015.
U N D P A N D S O U T H - S O U T H C O O P E R A T I O N S I N C E 1 9 9 6Dr Lendy Spires
The Special Unit for South-South Cooperation within UNDP has worked to promote and support South-South cooperation since the 1970s. It serves as the UN system focal point and secretariat for South-South cooperation. Over the years, it has established three cooperation frameworks with increasing focus on knowledge exchange, public-private partnerships, and policy dialogue. The Special Unit works to mobilize resources and support South-South cooperation projects in areas like agriculture, disaster risk reduction, and creative economies. It also works to strengthen national focal points and collaboration across UN agencies to further scale up South-South and triangular cooperation.
This document summarizes the findings of a three-year research project on the role of civil society in peacebuilding. The project analyzed 13 case studies using a framework that identified 7 potential functions of civil society: protection, monitoring, advocacy, socialization, social cohesion, facilitation, and service delivery.
The research found that civil society plays an important supportive role in peacebuilding, though political actors and conflict parties are more decisive. The relevance of civil society's functions varies significantly depending on the phase of conflict. While protection is highly relevant during wars, it is not always well implemented by civil society. Conversely, less relevant functions like socialization receive more attention and funding.
The document outlines three main policy implications:
Climate change is causing losses and damages that cannot be avoided through mitigation or adaptation. Case studies in several countries found that extreme weather events and slow-onset changes are undermining livelihoods, food security, and culture. While increased mitigation can reduce future impacts, some level of loss and damage is inevitable. Policies are needed at national and global levels to help communities address unavoidable loss and damage through approaches like risk transfer, social safety nets, and managed retreat from vulnerable areas.
This document reviews the major impacts of climate change on agriculture and forestry in Europe. It finds that the growing season for agricultural crops has lengthened across much of Europe, increasing yields but also insect populations. Crop cycles and water needs may change as temperatures rise. Forest growth has increased in central Europe due to warming, but heat waves threaten biomass production. Fire danger is projected to rise with climate change, endangering forests. Adaptation will be important to counter climate impacts on these sectors.
Creating competitive advantage through the supply chain insights on indiaDr Lendy Spires
The document discusses a study conducted by A.T. Kearney and CSCMP India on how organizations in India define supply chain success and overcome challenges to gain competitive advantage. The study found that senior leaders now expect supply chains to provide a competitive advantage, not just optimize costs and service. It identified seven best practices that successful organizations use: 1) collaborating across the value chain, 2) tailoring approaches to different segments, 3) frequent multi-horizon planning, 4) pull replenishment across the value chain, 5) managing complexity, 6) aligning technology with business needs, and 7) developing business management skills in the supply chain organization.
The document discusses multi-stakeholder partnerships for sustainable development. It notes that partnerships between state and non-state actors are increasingly important for implementing sustainable development goals. The Rio+20 conference highlighted the role of non-state actors in shaping international agendas. It established an online registry to track voluntary commitments by partnerships. The High-Level Political Forum should provide oversight of partnerships and clarify accountability mechanisms.
This document provides cancer statistics for African Americans, including information on leading cancer sites, death rates, and risk factors. Some key points:
- Cancer remains a leading cause of death for African Americans, though overall racial disparities are decreasing.
- Lung cancer is the top cause of cancer death in African American males and females. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in African American males.
- African Americans have higher cancer death rates than whites for most major cancers, due in part to socioeconomic inequalities that impact access to care and screening.
Women face disadvantages related to the environment and natural resources due to traditional gender roles. They spend significant time collecting water, fuel, and farming without secure land rights. This limits their time for other activities and subjects them to health and safety risks. Integrating gender considerations into environmental policies and increasing women's access to resources and decision making can improve environmental sustainability and reduce poverty and hunger.
Mainstreaming Climate Change in Gender Programming – Leisa Perch Team Leader, Rural and Sustainable Development IPC-IG/UNDP organized for UNIFEM Brazil and Southern Cone The Case for Why?
The document discusses how climate change impacts gender inequalities and vulnerabilities. Women's historic disadvantages like limited access to resources and restricted rights make them highly vulnerable to climate change impacts. The nature of vulnerability varies widely between contexts. Climate change is likely to magnify existing patterns of gender disadvantage.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Almaz Demessie on the impact of climate change on gender. Some key points:
- Climate change will disproportionately impact women, who make up the majority of the world's poor and have less access to resources. Changes in things like agriculture and natural disasters due to climate change will affect women differently than men.
- Examples from Ethiopia show trends of decreasing rainfall in many areas, which threatens rain-fed agriculture that many small-scale farmers and the poor rely on. As women disproportionately experience poverty, they will be especially vulnerable.
- Gender roles mean that climate change will impact men and women differently. Women's roles in activities like maintaining agricultural knowledge are
This document discusses the impact of climate change on gender in Ethiopia. It provides background on the author, Almaz Demessie, and her qualifications as an agrometeorologist. The document then discusses how climate change affects men and women differently due to traditional gender roles and responsibilities. Women are often more vulnerable because they form the majority of the poor and depend more on local natural resources. The document provides examples of how climate change is impacting different regions of Ethiopia through changes in rainfall patterns. It also defines gender and explains how gender analysis is important to understanding the human causes and impacts of climate change. The effects of climate change, like natural disasters, often impact women more severely.
Women are more vulnerable than men to the effects of climate change. They constitute the majority of the world's poor and are more dependent on natural resources for their livelihoods. Climate change threatens food security and agriculture, which women play a large role in as farmers in developing countries. It also threatens biodiversity that many rural communities rely on for basic needs. However, women's traditional knowledge can help climate change adaptation and mitigation efforts, and their roles in households position them to contribute to more sustainable livelihood strategies.
1) Developing countries are projected to be most severely impacted by climate change due to widespread poverty and ineffective governments, though it will affect all countries.
2) Studies show developing countries have the fewest resources to recover from climate impacts like natural disasters, causing health, education, housing and livelihood issues for marginalized groups.
3) The political economies of colonialism and current power structures concentrate resources and decision-making power in developed nations, contributing to developing countries facing greater discrimination and inequality in addressing climate change.
Gender and Climate Change in Viet Nam.pdfTruongPhan43
The report provides an overview of the relationship between gender equality and climate change in Viet Nam through five primary areas, including (1) Access to early warning and forecast information, (2) Agriculture and Food Security, (3) Energy, (4) Waste Management, and (5) People and health. Furthermore, the report analyses related policy gaps, challenges, and opportunities for mainstreaming gender into climate change and recommends solutions for integrating gender into the National Climate Change Strategy for 2050.
Women and the World of Climate Change- A Conceptual Foundation by Shraddha Pa...SHRADDHA PANDIT
This is a PPT on basics of "Women and the world of Climate Change". It is useful for BA as well as BA.LLB, BBA.LLB and LLM students for subjects such as Foundation Course, Gender studies, Environmental Law, etc.
Students should refer to text books and reference books for in-depth study.
This document discusses the impacts of population increase on land use and the environment. It notes that human population has grown due to our ability to inhabit all climate zones and improved agriculture and healthcare lowering death rates. Factors influencing population growth include birth and death rates as well as migration. Solutions proposed to slow growth include economic development, education, family planning, and reproductive healthcare. The environmental effects of overpopulation include increased farming impacts like deforestation for new farmland, and climate change from fossil fuel use to support larger populations.
The document discusses the relationship between disasters and development, and the impact of land use and land cover changes on disaster risk. It notes that development projects like dams, embankments, and changes in land use can influence vulnerabilities to disasters. Land use is defined as the activities and arrangements people undertake on land, while land cover refers to the physical material on the earth's surface. Zoning designates permitted land uses. Assessing land use is important for natural resource management, as land use/land cover patterns are shaped by socio-economic and natural factors. Understanding land use changes is crucial for effective resource management and sustainable development planning.
Climate change adaptation opportunities and challenges from two communities i...Alexander Decker
Climate change is disproportionately affecting poor communities in developing countries like Ethiopia. Two communities in Ethiopia were surveyed to understand their perceptions of and ability to adapt to climate change impacts like drought. The communities demonstrated good awareness of climate impacts but lagged in adaptation efforts due to limited resources. While communities are actively adapting, their capacity is insufficient to deal with increasing disaster frequency and severity expected due to climate change. Increased global support is urgently needed to help vulnerable communities adapt.
In Zambia, gender issues related to climate change have not been adequately considered in most environmental policies. Women are more vulnerable to the effects of climate change such as higher mortality during disasters, increased risk of water-borne disease, and greater domestic burdens from impacts like drought. As women rely more on natural resources and face more severe effects of declining agricultural productivity, they are disproportionately impacted by environmental degradation and climate change. While Zambia faces numerous environmental problems, more work is still needed to advance women's empowerment and gender equality, which are key to achieving climate change goals. Empowering women and utilizing their knowledge can help develop effective strategies for climate change adaptation, mitigation, and disaster risk reduction.
Climate change will have significant negative human rights impacts, especially on the world's poorest people. It will exacerbate issues like mass migration, worsening health crises, and loss of livelihoods and culture. While climate change policies have not sufficiently considered human rights, viewing climate change through a human rights lens can help address its impacts and manage responses in a way that respects people's basic rights and needs. Odisha is particularly vulnerable to climate change effects like stronger cyclones, floods and droughts that threaten lives, livelihoods and development. Considering human rights and building community resilience are important for addressing the challenges people face.
Climate change will have significant negative human rights impacts, especially on the world's poorest populations who are most vulnerable but have the weakest protections. It will exacerbate issues like mass migration, loss of livelihoods and land, food and water insecurity. While climate change policies have not sufficiently considered human rights, viewing climate change through a human rights lens can help address its impacts and manage responses in a way that respects people's basic rights and dignity. Odisha is particularly vulnerable to climate change effects like stronger cyclones, floods and droughts that threaten lives, livelihoods and development.
Climate change is likely to increase human suffering through increased migration, strain on health systems, threats to food and water security, loss of shelter and livelihoods, and potential for conflicts. However, the human rights aspects of climate change have not received sufficient attention. The effects of climate change will be most severe in poorer countries with weak human rights protections. It is critical that human rights are included in climate change policies and planning to protect vulnerable populations. Odisha is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change such as increased flooding, drought, cyclones and disturbances that threaten livelihoods, health, and human security. Chronic poverty, food insecurity, distress migration and other human rights issues exist in the state and are exacerb
Fiinovation Webinar on Poverty, Climate Change & Affirmative ActionFiinovation
Eradication of poverty has been the major focus of the UN member countries from past three decades. Despite significant efforts, a large segment of the world population still lives below the UN poverty line of $1.25 per day. One major threat to the efforts of poverty eradication is the growing concerns of global warming. Already the consequences of climate change can be seen with unpredictable weather changes, insufficient rains, severe droughts and the fast melting galciers. India is probably facing the worst water crisis in its history after two successive years of less monsoons. Marathawada in Maharashtra, North Karnataka and parts of Telangana are living at the mercy of the state and central government with no water left to drink or irrigate. Dams in Marathwada has only 3% water left in them. This water crisis is affecting not only the people and economy but also livestock and cattle which are valuable assets for the poor farmers. Understanding the gravity of the situation it can be said that India needs to focus not only on mitigating risks of climate change but also ensure development of opportunities to reduce vulnerability of the poor.
This document presents a framework for mapping global patterns of drought risk at the sub-national level. Drought risk is assessed as the product of drought hazard, exposure, and vulnerability over the period of 2000-2014. Drought hazard is derived from historical precipitation deficits, exposure is based on population/livestock densities and crop cover indicators, and vulnerability incorporates social, economic, and infrastructure factors. The results show drought risk is highest in populated agricultural regions like South/Central Asia, Southeast South America, and Central Europe. As climate change may increase droughts in these areas, there are concerns about effects on global food security and potential for conflict. Adaptation strategies could include expanding irrigation and diversifying regional economies.
The document discusses climate change and its impacts in Uganda. It provides an overview of climate change, defining it as long-term shifts in weather patterns due to human activity. It then discusses the impacts of climate change, including decreased food yields, flooding, droughts and increased spread of diseases. The document also discusses how climate change can potentially contribute to conflicts by exacerbating competition for scarce resources. It notes Africa's vulnerability to climate change due to factors like heavy reliance on agriculture and weak infrastructure. Finally, it discusses some initiatives countries in Africa have taken to address climate change.
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1) Climate change is the defining human development issue that threatens to undermine efforts to reduce poverty and limit human progress by eroding freedoms and choices.
2) The impacts of climate change are already being felt disproportionately by the world's poorest populations through increased extreme weather events and water scarcity.
3) Failure to adequately address climate change through ambitious emissions reductions and investments in adaptation could reverse generations of progress on human development goals for hundreds of millions of the world's poorest people.
Similar to Pb1 ap-overview-gender-and-climate-change (20)
1. Empowered lives.
Resilient nations.
GENDE R AND C L IMAT E CHANGE A S I A A N D T H E PAC I F I C Policy brief 1
Background
The degree to which people are affected by climate change impacts
is partly a function of their social status, gender, poverty, power
and access to and control over resources. Despite the international
community’s increasing acknowledgement of the differential
experiences and skills women and men bring to development and
environmental sustainability efforts, women still have lesser economic,
political and legal clout and are hence less able to cope with—and
are more exposed to—the adverse effects of the changing climate.
Drawing on women’s experiences, knowledge and skills and supporting
their empowerment will make climate change responses more
effective. However, the impacts of gender inequalities and women’s
recurrent socio-economic disadvantages continue to be ignored and
remain a critical challenge to adaptation efforts. As the world continues
to grapple with what a post-Kyoto climate regime should look like, it is
crucial that mitigation and adaptation efforts integrate gender issues at
all levels. This will minimize risks to women and children and ensure
greater success of efforts to address climate change.
Overview of linkages
between gender
“Recent studies reveal that not and climate change
only is women’s participation
important but also how they
participate—and how much.
And because women often
show more concern for the
environment, support pro-envi-ronmental
policies and vote for
pro-environmental leaders, their
greater involvement in politics
and in nongovernmental orga-nizations
could result in envi-ronmental
gains, with multiplier
effects across all the Millennium
Development Goals.”
Source: UNDP Asia-Pacific
Human Development Report 2011
2. GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
Overview of linkages between gender and climate change 2 Policy brief 1
Climate change effects hit the poorest the most
Changing climate is one of the most daunting global challenges of our time. The warmest recorded 13 years of average global temperatures have all occurred between 1997 and 2011. The World Meteorological Organization has indicated that the extent of Arctic sea ice in the year 2011 was the second lowest on record, and its volume was the lowest.1 This and other climate and global warming effects, including thawing permafrost, sea level rise, increased flooding and shifting seasons, can in turn have negative implications for biodiversity, coastal systems, freshwater resources and livelihoods. Over the next decades, billions of people, particularly those in developing countries, are expected to face shortages of water and food and risks to health and life as a result of climate change (UNFCCC 2007).2 Key climate change impacts in the Asia-Pacific region include increases in the intensity and/or frequency of disasters and extreme events such as heat waves, tropical cyclones, prolonged dry spells, intense rainfall, tornadoes, snow avalanches, thunderstorms, severe dust storms and sea level rise.
Climate change can exacerbate poverty and frustrate gains made towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals.4 The 2011 Human Development Report observed that climate change continues to threaten livelihoods in low human development index5 nations and that climate change may also worsen the most lingering environmental threats such as deforestation, water scarcity and land degradation, which often hit the poorest the most.6 Moreover, these changes could have a direct human toll, for example due to an increase in natural disasters.
Poverty and climate change are closely related. The poorest and most disadvantaged groups tend to depend on climate-sensitive livelihoods (e.g. agriculture), which makes them disproportionately vulnerable to climate change.7 These groups also lack the resources needed to weather harsh climatic impacts (e.g. better houses, drought resistant crops). This diminished adaptive capacity makes them even more vulnerable, forcing them to engage in unsustainable environmental practices such as deforestation in order to sustain their well-being.8
Climate change is not gender-neutral
Women in developing countries are particularly vulnerable to climate change because they are highly dependent on local natural resources for their livelihood. Women charged with securing water, food and fuel for cooking and heating face the greatest challenges. Women experience unequal access to resources and decision-making processes, with limited mobility in rural areas. It is thus important to identify gender-sensitive strategies that respond to these crises for women.9
A number of factors account for the discrepancy between women’s and men’s differentiated exposure and vulnerability to climate change risks. First, gender-based differences in time use, access to assets and credit and treatment by markets and formal institutions (including the legal and regulatory framework) constrain women’s opportunities. As a result, there is a global gender gap in earnings and productivity—women make between 30 and 80 percent of what men earn annually. A World Bank survey in 141 countries showed that 103 countries continue to impose legal differences on the basis of gender that may hinder women’s economic opportunities.10 In addition, two thirds of the world’s 743 million illiterate adults are women.11 Although women make up 43 percent of the overall agricultural labour force, percentages vary by region and country. Overall, women make up half of the agricultural labour force in the least developing countries, while in developing countries (where
3. data is available), they own between 10 and 20 percent of the land.12 The cumulative effects of poverty and social, economic and political barriers is that women will often be disadvantaged in coping with the adverse impacts of the changing climate.13
Second, compared to men, women face huge challenges in accessing all levels of policy and decision-making processes. This renders them less able to influence policies, programmes and decisions that impact their lives.
Third, socio-cultural norms can limit women from acquiring the information and skills necessary to escape or avoid hazards (e.g. swimming and climbing trees to escape rising water levels).14 Similarly, dress codes imposed on women can restrict their mobility in times of disaster, as can their responsibility for small children who cannot swim or run.15 Such social influences render women disproportionately vulnerable to disasters and related negative effects of climate change.
Fourth, a lack of sex disaggregated data in all sectors (e.g. livelihoods, disasters’ preparedness, protection of environment, health and well-being) often leads to an underestimation of women’s
Ê ÊWomen are not well represented in decision-making processes, which constrains their ability to meaningfully participate in decisions on adaptation and mitigation.
Ê ÊGlobally, only 17 percent of cabinet and 19 percent of parliament members are women; out of eleven Pacific island developing economies that were studied, five had no women members in parliament at all.
Ê ÊA global gender gap in earnings and productivity persists across all forms of economic activity; women make between 30 percent and 80 percent of male annual income. Restricting job opportunities for women has been costing the region approximately $44 billion a year.
Ê ÊAn study by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) classified women’s access to land as “very limited” in a number of countries within the Asia-Pacific region.a
Ê ÊFor those developing countries globally for which data was available, only between 10 and 20 percent of all landholders are women.
Ê ÊBurning biomass fuel indoors leads to 2 million deaths per year (mainly women and children).
Ê ÊIn 2007, the estimated number of women and girl children who were “missing”—the number of excess female deaths—was 484,000 in Asia (excluding central Asia). Globally, 3.9 million women and girls go “missing” each year.
Ê ÊDuring the past decade in the Asia-pacific region, an annual average of more than 200 million people was affected and more than 70,000 people were killed by natural disasters (90 percent and 65 percent respectively of global totals for natural disasters). Women and children make up the majority of deaths resulting from water-related disasters.
Note: a) OECD, Gender, Institutions and Development Database, 2012; available at:
http://www.oecd.org/dev/povertyreductionandsocialdevelopment/genderinstitutionsanddevelopmentdatabase.htm.
Sources: FAO 2011; Nellemann 2011; Perch 2011, UNDP 2010; UNESCAP 2011; World Bank 2011; WHO 2011, OECD 2012.3
Gender-based vulnerability to climate change: Fast Facts
3
4. roles and contributions. This situation can then result in gender-blind climate change policy and programming, which does not take into account the gender differentiated roles of both women and men (i.e. their distinct needs, constraints and priorities). As such, such policies and programming can have the unintended effect of actually increasing gender-based vulnerability.
Women add value to the
climate effort
Women play a pivotal role in natural resources management and in other productive and reproductive activities at the household and community levels. This puts them in a position to contribute to livelihood strategies adapted to changing environmental realities. Their extensive knowledge and expertise—that can also be used in climate change mitigation, disaster reduction and adaptation strategies—make them effective actors and agents of change.16
Numerous examples demonstrate that communities fare better during natural disasters when women play a leadership role in early warning systems and reconstruction. Women tend to share information related to community well-being, choose less polluting energy sources and adapt more easily to environmental changes when their family’s survival is at stake.17 A 2000 study found that women in South Asia displayed enormous strength and capacity throughout the entire disaster cycle: preparing for hazards, managing after a disaster and rebuilding damaged livelihoods. Activities included ensuring food and water for the family, securing seed and other productive material and taking care of the sick and elderly.18
Research has also revealed the importance of gender equality and women’s empowerment to environmental sustainability and achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.19 Greater female participation in economic development will lead to productivity gains.20 It is estimated, for example, that if women’s paid employment rates were raised to the same level as men’s, the gross domestic products of the United States, the European Union and Japan would see increases by 9, 13 and 16 percentage points, respectively.21
Women’s greater participation is also likely to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of climate change projects and policies. For example, women tend to be very effective at mobilizing communities in the event of disasters and disaster risk management and reduction22 and have a clear understanding of what strategies are needed at the local level.
Women’s activities in food production, community management, natural-resource and biodiversity management, education of children and family care place them at the centre of development. They are the collectors of fuel and water for their families, and users of energy to prepare food and care for the sick. In developing countries, they engage substantially in agricultural production, both paid and unpaid...Thus, recognizing and supporting the activities and needs of women is essential for socio-economic development.
Women as positive agents of change
Source: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, ‘Applying
a Gender Lens to Science, Technology and Innovation’, Current Studies on Science, Technology and Innovation, 5th ed., Geneva, 2011
4
GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
Overview of linkages between gender and climate change
Policy brief
1
5. GENDER AND CLIMATE CHANGE ASIA AND THE PACIFIC
Overview of linkages between gender and climate change
5
Policy brief
1
International recognition of the importance of supporting women and gender equality is increasing. For example, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s official development assistance for the advancement of gender equality tripled from 2002 to 2006 (from $2.5 billion to $7.2 billion).23 Nevertheless, considerable gender-based barriers continue to exist across the major pillars of international and national policy processes on climate change.
Recommendations for action
ÒÒConduct an in-depth and evidence-based analysis of women’s and men’s roles in sectors impacted by, and their strategies for coping with, climate change. Improved understanding of women’s and men’s knowledge, roles and abilities will provide a solid basis for policy and programmes developed to address and combat climate change impacts.
ÒÒIntegrate gender perspectives throughout climate change programming in order to effectively address both women’s and men’s needs and priorities, ensure the full and meaningful participation of women and achieve gender-equitable outcomes. Climate change actions need to be based on consultation with women, build and incorporate their skills and knowledge, and provide opportunities for improving health, education and livelihoods. Increasing women’s participation would result in more environmental and productivity gains and would create mutual benefits and greater returns across the Millennium Development Goals. Likewise, women’s increased involvement in adaptation and mitigation efforts would enhance the efficacy and sustainability of such efforts. Gender considerations and women’s issues, needs and contributions should be integrated across the planning and execution cycle of climate change policies and projects.
ÒÒEnsure mitigation and adaptation efforts also address sources of gender-based vulnerability, gender inequality and poverty. Because economic, legal and socio- cultural constraints can lead to women’s capacity gaps, climate change responses need to address women’s historic and current disadvantages. As such, policy and programming should recognize that because of their central role in environmental, social and economic development, women’s empowerment and gender equality is beneficial for family and community well-being and livelihoods and are key factors in promoting the resiliency of economies and communities. Actions, technologies and strategies need to be pro-poor and gender-responsive in their design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Looking forward, the Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions and National Adaptation Plans (established under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) provide opportunities to develop climate change policy and implement projects that benefit women and the poor as well as contribute towards the broader effort of responding to the ill-effects
of climate change.
ÒÒIncorporate gender perspectives into national and international climate chance finance mechanisms and strategies.24 For efficient, effective and inclusive financing, gender must play an essential role, informing all policies and programming. In this effort, gender-sensitive structures, guidelines, projects and tools need to be developed for all climate change financing mechanisms supporting adaptation and mitigation actions, at all levels. Additionally, to help address the historical, political and socio-economic constraints faced by many women as well as larger sustainable development objectives, gender-based criteria should be developed for fund allocation, including project identification, design and performance objectives.