The document discusses bridging the gap between emergency preparedness and response for all communities. It notes that preparedness efforts have not accounted for varying financial resources and that minorities and those with lower incomes are more vulnerable during disasters. It argues that environmental education and preparedness programs need to consider the distinct demographic characteristics of communities to be effective and ensure social and environmental justice. The document concludes by stressing the importance of understanding coupled human-environment systems and social determinants of health to promote resilience for all.
The adverse impact of ecosystem degradation and poor governance on marginaliz...NAAR Journal
Bangladesh has been achieving remarkable success in economic growth in the last two decades. Does this economic success bring a sustainable and positive result for marginalized people? This study aims to investigate whether the local economic activity positively changes their socioeconomic position. The study reveals that cropland lost on an average of 0.2636 Bigha per household and disappeared 2.59 local fish species in local water bodies. Moreover, more than three-fourth respondents perceived that their access to local ecosystem services is decreasing and the services are degraded. However, more than half of the respondents paid $6.82 each time as a bribe in accessing to local ecosystem services. Combine of these issues is negatively influencing their income, employment opportunity, and household expenditure so that the marginal community becomes more marginalized and wealthier become wealthier. This study may help to find out a new trajectory of sustainable economic activity in the coastal areas with reducing ecosystem services degradation and vulnerability of marginalized people.
The fragility of health systems has never been of greater interest—or importance—than at this moment, in the aftermath of the worst Ebola virus disease epidemic to date. The loss of life, massive social disruption, and collapse of even the most basic health-care services shows what happens when a crisis hits and health systems are not prepared. This did not happen only in west Africa—we saw it in Texas too: the struggle to provide a coherent response and manage public sentiment (which often manifests as fear) in a way that ensures that disease does not spread while also allowing day-to-day life to continue.
In other words, we saw an absence of resilience.
This Viewpoint puts forth a proposed framework for resilient health systems and the characteristics that define them, informed by insights from other fields that have embraced resilience as a practice.
PLAN HUMANITAIRE 2014 DES NATIONS UNIES POUR HAITI Stanleylucas
Ce document représente le plan humanitaire des Nations Unies pour l'année 2014. Rappelons que les soldats Népalais des Nations Unies sont responsables de la propagation de l'épidémie du choléra en Haiti. Cette épidémie a déjà tue plus de 8500 Haïtiens et contamines plus de 790.000. Ca coutera a Haiti US$ 2.7 milliards pour éradiquer l'épidémie. L'Etat d'Haiti n'a pas ces fonds disponibles. Ce plan humanitaire propose par les Nations Unies est une goutte d'eau par rapport a ce qu'il y a lieu de faire.
The adverse impact of ecosystem degradation and poor governance on marginaliz...NAAR Journal
Bangladesh has been achieving remarkable success in economic growth in the last two decades. Does this economic success bring a sustainable and positive result for marginalized people? This study aims to investigate whether the local economic activity positively changes their socioeconomic position. The study reveals that cropland lost on an average of 0.2636 Bigha per household and disappeared 2.59 local fish species in local water bodies. Moreover, more than three-fourth respondents perceived that their access to local ecosystem services is decreasing and the services are degraded. However, more than half of the respondents paid $6.82 each time as a bribe in accessing to local ecosystem services. Combine of these issues is negatively influencing their income, employment opportunity, and household expenditure so that the marginal community becomes more marginalized and wealthier become wealthier. This study may help to find out a new trajectory of sustainable economic activity in the coastal areas with reducing ecosystem services degradation and vulnerability of marginalized people.
The fragility of health systems has never been of greater interest—or importance—than at this moment, in the aftermath of the worst Ebola virus disease epidemic to date. The loss of life, massive social disruption, and collapse of even the most basic health-care services shows what happens when a crisis hits and health systems are not prepared. This did not happen only in west Africa—we saw it in Texas too: the struggle to provide a coherent response and manage public sentiment (which often manifests as fear) in a way that ensures that disease does not spread while also allowing day-to-day life to continue.
In other words, we saw an absence of resilience.
This Viewpoint puts forth a proposed framework for resilient health systems and the characteristics that define them, informed by insights from other fields that have embraced resilience as a practice.
PLAN HUMANITAIRE 2014 DES NATIONS UNIES POUR HAITI Stanleylucas
Ce document représente le plan humanitaire des Nations Unies pour l'année 2014. Rappelons que les soldats Népalais des Nations Unies sont responsables de la propagation de l'épidémie du choléra en Haiti. Cette épidémie a déjà tue plus de 8500 Haïtiens et contamines plus de 790.000. Ca coutera a Haiti US$ 2.7 milliards pour éradiquer l'épidémie. L'Etat d'Haiti n'a pas ces fonds disponibles. Ce plan humanitaire propose par les Nations Unies est une goutte d'eau par rapport a ce qu'il y a lieu de faire.
Alternate livelihood income plan for vulnerability reduction through communit...Premier Publishers
The occurrence of natural disasters is currently one of the major developmental challenges that the world is facing. The Society for National Integration through Rural Development (SNIRD), an NGO working with the fisherfolk communities in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, has long been working towards reducing community vulnerability and strengthening coping mechanisms. As there were no preparedness measures among the communities, the impact of the disaster was worsened, often destroying their livelihood support mechanisms. Hence SNIRD initiated a project to organize the community and imparted trainings towards disaster coping mechanisms. The project followed a community-based strategy, making use of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques by involving the community. This paper deals with the techniques of vulnerability assessment by involving the community and in preparing alternate livelihood income plan towards disaster preparedness and management. The project was evaluated using an amended version of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) and found that the project was able to sufficiently increase their alternative livelihood mechanisms and therewith comprehensively and sustainable decrease community vulnerability to natural disasters.
Get your quality homework help now and stand out.Our professional writers are committed to excellence. We have trained the best scholars in different fields of study.Contact us now at premiumessays.net and place your order at affordable price done within set deadlines.We always have someone online ready to answer all your queries and take your requests.
Leadership and Urban Sustainability, Irina Safitri Zen, UTMESD UNU-IAS
The 2016 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme was held in Labuan Island and Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia. The Programme included workshops, plenary sessions, and fieldwork around the topics of local sustainable development challenges in the region. The main goals of the Programme were to identify local leadership opportunities for sustainable development and to link local and national sustainable development projects to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Climate Treaty, and the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction.
Conventional thinking: “human-wildlife conflict is a problem that needs to be controlled”. But this is only one frame.
Frames are “cognitive structures that help humans to make sense of the world by suggesting which component of a complex reality to consider” (Wilhelm-Rechmann et al. 2011).They influence thoughts, plans and practices.
Analysing frames raises awareness of different types of human-wildlife conflicts, situations & interventions; brings attention to research needs for human-wildlife coexistence strategies; challenges what is ‘obvious’; and seeks innovative solutions through dialogue.
A typology of frames provides the foundations for comparison.
Running Head ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH1ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH8.docxtodd271
Running Head: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 8
Environmental Health
Student Name: Kusum Syangbo
Instructor Name: Elizabeth Wachira
Course no: HHPH- 382-01W
Date: April 5, 2020
Texas A&M University, Commerce
Abstract
Environmental health is both a public health and social justice issue. This paper will describe how environmental health is both a public health and social injustice issue and some of the environmental injustices in the United States. It will also explain the functions of environmental health movements in the US. Finally, the paper will describe some of the intervention opportunities in curbing environmental injustices including health education, advocacy, policy, leadership opportunities, and community focus and give my future leadership role as far as environmental health is concerned.
Keywords
Environmental health, public health, social injustice, minority groups
Section 1: Topic Description
The topic that I chose is Environmental Health. This topic is a public health issue because the environment in which we live in shapes our health every moment of every day. Our health can be affected by what we eat, where we live, and how we interact with the world around us. That is where environmental health professionals, programs and policies, all come into play. Environmental health is a large field in public health because of the numerous ways exterior factors can impact how we live, grow and, even eat. These factors concern how we address our natural environment like sanitation and clean water, but they are also the consequences of our actions as human beings (Krometis et al, 2017).
Environmental Health is also a social justice issue because all the conversations about protecting habitats, mitigating climate change and recycling are not just about saving and protecting the earth, they are more about the struggle for protecting and providing basic human rights to good health. Every human being is entitled to quality air, clean water, and sanitation (Marmot, 2017).
Section 2: Social Injustice
Two Environmental Social Injustices
One major environmental social injustice is the disproportional placing of dangerous waste amenities in poor and largely ethnic and racial minority localities. Research shows that there are ethnic and racial discrepancies in the locations of dangerous waste across the United States. As a result of these injustices people living in such an environment have developed diseases like cancer.
Another social injustice is the environmental influence on healthy eating, physical activity, and obesity in ethnic and racial minority communities with low income. The principal concern here is the deprivation amplification such that in locations where have little individual resources, the local amenities that help people to live healthily, are poorer than those in non-socially and non-impoverished deprived places. Research has shown that t.
Alternate livelihood income plan for vulnerability reduction through communit...Premier Publishers
The occurrence of natural disasters is currently one of the major developmental challenges that the world is facing. The Society for National Integration through Rural Development (SNIRD), an NGO working with the fisherfolk communities in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, has long been working towards reducing community vulnerability and strengthening coping mechanisms. As there were no preparedness measures among the communities, the impact of the disaster was worsened, often destroying their livelihood support mechanisms. Hence SNIRD initiated a project to organize the community and imparted trainings towards disaster coping mechanisms. The project followed a community-based strategy, making use of Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques by involving the community. This paper deals with the techniques of vulnerability assessment by involving the community and in preparing alternate livelihood income plan towards disaster preparedness and management. The project was evaluated using an amended version of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) and found that the project was able to sufficiently increase their alternative livelihood mechanisms and therewith comprehensively and sustainable decrease community vulnerability to natural disasters.
Get your quality homework help now and stand out.Our professional writers are committed to excellence. We have trained the best scholars in different fields of study.Contact us now at premiumessays.net and place your order at affordable price done within set deadlines.We always have someone online ready to answer all your queries and take your requests.
Leadership and Urban Sustainability, Irina Safitri Zen, UTMESD UNU-IAS
The 2016 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme was held in Labuan Island and Beaufort, Sabah, Malaysia. The Programme included workshops, plenary sessions, and fieldwork around the topics of local sustainable development challenges in the region. The main goals of the Programme were to identify local leadership opportunities for sustainable development and to link local and national sustainable development projects to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Climate Treaty, and the Sendai Framework on Disaster Risk Reduction.
Conventional thinking: “human-wildlife conflict is a problem that needs to be controlled”. But this is only one frame.
Frames are “cognitive structures that help humans to make sense of the world by suggesting which component of a complex reality to consider” (Wilhelm-Rechmann et al. 2011).They influence thoughts, plans and practices.
Analysing frames raises awareness of different types of human-wildlife conflicts, situations & interventions; brings attention to research needs for human-wildlife coexistence strategies; challenges what is ‘obvious’; and seeks innovative solutions through dialogue.
A typology of frames provides the foundations for comparison.
Running Head ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH1ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH8.docxtodd271
Running Head: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 8
Environmental Health
Student Name: Kusum Syangbo
Instructor Name: Elizabeth Wachira
Course no: HHPH- 382-01W
Date: April 5, 2020
Texas A&M University, Commerce
Abstract
Environmental health is both a public health and social justice issue. This paper will describe how environmental health is both a public health and social injustice issue and some of the environmental injustices in the United States. It will also explain the functions of environmental health movements in the US. Finally, the paper will describe some of the intervention opportunities in curbing environmental injustices including health education, advocacy, policy, leadership opportunities, and community focus and give my future leadership role as far as environmental health is concerned.
Keywords
Environmental health, public health, social injustice, minority groups
Section 1: Topic Description
The topic that I chose is Environmental Health. This topic is a public health issue because the environment in which we live in shapes our health every moment of every day. Our health can be affected by what we eat, where we live, and how we interact with the world around us. That is where environmental health professionals, programs and policies, all come into play. Environmental health is a large field in public health because of the numerous ways exterior factors can impact how we live, grow and, even eat. These factors concern how we address our natural environment like sanitation and clean water, but they are also the consequences of our actions as human beings (Krometis et al, 2017).
Environmental Health is also a social justice issue because all the conversations about protecting habitats, mitigating climate change and recycling are not just about saving and protecting the earth, they are more about the struggle for protecting and providing basic human rights to good health. Every human being is entitled to quality air, clean water, and sanitation (Marmot, 2017).
Section 2: Social Injustice
Two Environmental Social Injustices
One major environmental social injustice is the disproportional placing of dangerous waste amenities in poor and largely ethnic and racial minority localities. Research shows that there are ethnic and racial discrepancies in the locations of dangerous waste across the United States. As a result of these injustices people living in such an environment have developed diseases like cancer.
Another social injustice is the environmental influence on healthy eating, physical activity, and obesity in ethnic and racial minority communities with low income. The principal concern here is the deprivation amplification such that in locations where have little individual resources, the local amenities that help people to live healthily, are poorer than those in non-socially and non-impoverished deprived places. Research has shown that t.
Reply 1Geopolitical and phenomenological place influences the .docxcarlt4
Reply 1
Geopolitical and phenomenological place influences the context of a population or community assessment and intervention in a way that geopolitical community has geographic boundaries that can be man-made of natural. Man-made boundaries because bridges or buildings. Natural made boundaries can be mountains or bodies of water. Legal boundaries are created by the country, state or city. Boundaries such as these may isolate groups of people and/or separate groups of people.
Adversely, phenomenological community is when a group of community share beliefs, values, interests, relationships or goals. Communities such as these include social and religious groups and they do not have to share boundaries such as man-made or natural boundaries. In these communities it is harder to send a message to them.
The nursing process is used to assist in identifying health issues and creating interventions appropriate to the population. For example, screenings as primary interventions or referrals for communities that may have possible language barriers. Cultural barriers may be a challenge to nurses, therefore nurses must assess this possibility and gain knowledge of the community’s culture and practices.
Reference:
Caraccioli, M. J. (2009). Re-thinking place in international relations: phenomenology and the geopolitics of knowledge in Latin American-US relations.
Maurer, F. A., & Smith, C. M. (2012).
Community/public health nursing practice: Health for families and populations
. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Reply 2
Geopolitical and phenomenological greatly influence the context of a population, community assessment, and intervention due to the many factors that differ from region to region. Geopolitical factors such as infrastructure, weather, bodies of water and mountains affect an individual's health. The weather of a specific region could cause health issues and natural disasters, such as mudslides and avalanches, and therefore leading to illness and death. The availability of fresh drinking water is imperative and the lack of this important resource could cause the spread of deadly viruses and harmful bacteria that could have devastating effects on the entire community. Phenomenological factors include religion, language, culture, values, traditions, education, and economics of a population (Green, 2018). Phenomenology is a first-person point of view and the study of an individual's conscious structure. The nursing diagnosis is used to identify local and global health issues by completing an individualized assessment. Through this assessment, the nurse is able to identify cultural considerations and traditions, as well as language barriers that may affect the individual's health including diet and exercise regime. The information gathered from the assessment allows the nurse to create appropriate interventions by implementing the patient's preferred learning style, religious preference, and any disabilities the individual may have that would .
1 postsRe Topic 1 DQ 2There are three components that nurse.docxoswald1horne84988
1 posts
Re: Topic 1 DQ 2
There are three components that nurses consider when assessing a community. It includes the people within, the boundaries of the location, and the general environment where the community exists. Researchers can narrow the focus by establishing parameters of the members of the community and environment. The geopolitical and phenomenological place guides the nurse’s population assessment. A community assessment seeks to understand the interactions among the population, environment, and resources (Green, 2018)
One way to evaluate the quantity and quality of life of a given population is to examine the geopolitical location. Community boundaries, transportation infrastructure, geographic features, climate, vegetation, animals, and human-made homes and facilities comprise the geopolitical place. The place or geographic boundaries may be defined by the nurse. There are many environmental factors that may affect the health of the community (Green, 2018). For example, in 2018, the eruption of Kilauea volcano changed the lives of many families and the community. From May to August, the lava destroyed over 700 homes and the fumes covered the Puna district (National Park Services, 2019).
Another way to evaluate a given population is to examine the phenomenological place of a community, which centers on the history, culture, economics, education, spiritual beliefs, values, common characteristics, or similar goals (Green, 2018). Nurses seek to understand how people experience a situation or phenomenon through these independent or interdependent relationships. For example, the conflict between the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) at Mauna Kea continues to remain as one of the top stories in Hawaii. Unlike geopolitical location, phenomenological place is a relational location such as a political activism group, church organization, or cultural group (Green, 2018).
A community assessment is much like conducting a health assessment and happens in an organized manner: to assess, diagnose, plan, implement, and evaluate. The assessment process includes gathering data and it can be achieved through primary or secondary sources. Analysis, diagnosis, and planning can be performed by using the SWOT analysis or strength, weakness, opportunities, and threats, which promotes a broader critical thinking about the population and environment (Green, 2018). This is followed by appropriate interventions and evaluation. For example, Hawaii experienced an outbreak of the Rat Lungworm disease recently, and in 2017, with an appropriation from the Hawaii State Legislature, the Department of Health launched a public information campaign to educate residents and visitors about the risk and prevention (State of Hawaii, Department of Health, 2019).
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Espousal of social capital in Oral Health CareRuby Med Plus
Oral health is projected to be affected by the environment; to provide an understanding to this, the concept of social capital can be used. Social networking appears to be the rational in social capital in which there is ‘connections’ among individuals, a social network guided by a set of values and norms of trustworthiness and reciprocity among peoples’, groups, communities etc of the network. Putnam (1995) defines social capital as “coordination and co- operation for mutual benefit”. Hence it is not only a way of describing social relationships within a group or society, but also adds a social dimension to traditional structural explanations of disease by viewing communities not just as contextual environments, but also as connected groups of individuals.
The theory of social capital emphasizes multiple dimensions inside the concept. For example, social capital can be divided into a behavioral/activity component (for example, participation) and a cognitive/perceptual component (for example, trust). These are respectively being referred to as structural and cognitive social capital. . Structural and cognitive social capital can therefore refer to linkages and perceptions in relation to people who are akin to each other; such as people in one’s own community or people of alike socioeconomic status (referred to as bonding social capital), or to people who are poles apart; such as people outside one’s community or with a different social identity (known as bridging social capital). Social capital relations can also occur in ceremonial institutions such as between community and local government structures (termed linking social capital) .
Social capital is not a magic pill for improving society’s oral health but, it is a useful concept which focuses our attention on an important set of resources, inhering in relationships, networks and associations, which have previously been given insufficient attention in the social sciences and Dental literature. This is probably partly because they are not easy to categories, study and measure their effects quickly. The social capital perspective therefore broadcast us that if we normatively approve of the goal of enhancing population oral health, we cannot achieve this through material inputs alone, or simply through “technological fixes”, whether “forced” or magnanimously “approved” by those with superior resources. Social capital can contribute towards health promotion, in the extent to which it can be used for its strategic value; the concept can be carefully employed within wider health promotion practices which explicitly draw upon social justice, equity and empowerment principles . Social capital draws on solidarity within groups, communities, societies as well.
Leyendo el texto completo, responda:
1) ¿Cuál es el problema que aborda la economía ecológica?
2) ¿Cuál es el asunto primario bajo el paradigma de administración de la economía ecológica?
Puede responder en inglés o español.
Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefelle...
RIDOH Policy Intern_CHRP Paper_Maloney
1. BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 1
The Role of Preparedness and Health Equity in Building Community Health Resilience
Jenna Maloney
University of Rhode Island
Community Health Resilience Project
Rhode Island Department of Health
April 1, 2015
2. BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 2
The intersection of health preparedness and social or environmental justice is particularly
prevalent when factors such as minorities, inequalities and social vulnerabilities are present.
Health preparedness efforts have not been receptive to all populations varying in financial
resources and income. Although environmental justice advocates for equal involvement for all
people in the community, it is nearly impossible for an entire community varying in wealth and
cultural capital to fully participate. To address the issue of heterogeneous demographics in
environmental involvement, environmental educators must first understand the distinct
demographic characteristics of the community. Depending on the demographics, one’s
perception of nature is filtered by realities relative to their socio-economic standing. While those
of higher economic status and affluence have the resources to relocation, access to transportation
and the means to finance insurance in the face of disaster, minorities are left with few resilient
tactics in times of despair. The decision-making processes for those of lower economic or
minority statuses generally have fewer options. Poor households are more likely to be located in
floodplains, to live in standard housing often in disrepair, and thus more vulnerable to natural
hazards (Morrow 2007). Despite the allocation of resources, financial and systematic health
preparedness of a community, health preparedness policies cannot collectively address the issues
related to community disasters. On the organizational level, social and environmental justice can
be addressed in terms of health preparedness through policy implication. The distinct link
between income inequality and reduced resilience rates raise the question to ethics and political
responsibility when strategically planning the promotion of resilient communities. The political
introduction of environmental inequalities among minority social groups and poor communities
peaked in the 1970s. Neoliberalism, the belief that success is dependent on solely individual
3. BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN EMERGENCY PREPARDENESS AND RESPONSE 3
efforts, has been argued to exacerbate environmental injustice. For example, in1982, major
protests dominated North Carolina to over polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) landfill in
predominately African American communities. The vocal indignation of the affected citizens led
to arrests, which raised the brows of many environmental justice advocates all around the nation
as well as inspiring activism efforts. Efforts escalated yielding a national study by 1987, Toxic
Wastes and Race in the United States, which further proved environmental injustice is related to
race and socio-economic status is used to determine where major waste facilities are located
(Mascarenhas 2008). Following the Alaskan earthquake of 1964, national vulnerability to loses,
both actual and potential from natural hazards were on the rise as a result of suburbanization, an
increase of habitation in unprotected floodplains, seismic zones and costal locations (Cutter et
al., 2008). By offering incentives similar to the US Federal Emergency Management Agency
(FEMA) announced its National Mitigation Strategy- to reduce escalating disaster losses by
fostering public-private partnerships and incentives for migration (Cutter et al., 2008), health
preparedness can attained regardless of one’s socio-economic status and cultural capital while
ensuring environmental and social justice to a community of any caliber of risk.
Efforts to further emphasize the positive correlation between social cohesion and
resilience is crucial for the Community Health Resilience Project to recognize in order to move
forward with the “Rhode Island Roadmap to Health Resilience” project. There is validity to the
public health concern that our naturalized environmental dichotomy has created a strong
disassociation of the self. When one is faced with an environmental crisis, one’s social cohesion
and a community’s willingness can counteract the worsened disaster effects and help to ensure
4. BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 4
environmental safety through collective, cultural efforts. Prevalent economic, demographic and
cultural gaps in our society yield minority community tendencies to disassociate from wealthier,
higher status social groups’ instilled environment-society relationships such as activism or
volunteerism. Considering policy implication cannot alter one’s social capital or directly address
economic inequalities on the individual level, the CHRP should strive to introduce values and
norms to enhance minorities’ perception of the environment through proper education in relation
to their cultural capital. The CHRP should also focus on communal efficacy, the shared sense of
trust and willingness to work for the common good of the neighborhood to yield social capital
for minority population through volunteerism during times of crisis (Sampson et al. 1997). An
understanding of adaptive cycles within the couples human environmental systems, and the scale
at which they occur, is necessary to foster resilience and sustainability (Cutter etal. 2008). In
addition to focusing on the increase of environmental sensitivity through technology, the CHRP
should too, focus on technology’s detrimental effects on the social environment (Marrow 2008).
Public attitudes towards economic insecurities related to minorities and immigrants are difficult
to address through policy development and program initiatives. Environmental education is the
most cohesive to minority inhabitants when organizations fully comprehend the extent of the
environment-society relationships between social capital and social immobility. It has been
argued that the increase of social capital must be assessed on the individual level in hopes to
bring collective, communal change. However, organizations should not strive to address
individualistic efforts but instead, understand environmental symbolic interaction in order to gain
a better understanding of demographics. To socialize future generations in terms of
environmental justice; the fair and equal involvement of an entire community without regards to
5. BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 5
culture, race or income discrimination, accessible programs, information and resources must be
implemented. In highly concentrated disaster inflicted minority areas, collective efficacy bridges
the domains of social capital and community competence. Incorporating efficacy and targeting
minority communities to successfully adopt community vision to bring change can conquer
demographic obstacles conquered to promote resilience.
To bridge the connections between health equity, promotion, preparedness and resilience,
being able to fully anticipate disaster mitigation and rebounds is imperative. Getting community
members to think more about the whole environmental idea of preparedness is key for resilience
and building environmental synergy. The aftermath of Hurricane Sandy in 2012 is still visible
along shores on the northeast of the United States, specifically New Jersey and New York. Thus,
in terms of preparedness and resilience, by spreading awareness through community resilience
efforts, one can better anticipate the core capacities of populations both to mitigate disasters and
rebound from them (Plough et al., 2013). In regards to environmental research and activism, it
has proven that the setting-based approach is overall effective in terms of promoting health and
sustainability. In terms of health equity, activist motivations can be further justified by studying
ecosystems in which it can aid in health and sustainability promotion on the community level.
For example, one can infer socio-ecological elements from features of water, the sole component
to the most increasingly resilient-sensitive area can ironically promote resilience and attempt to
ensure environmental justice. Integrated catchment management (ICM) is important because it’s
approaches entail water resource management and is relevant in terms of socio-economic context
in of poverty in rural areas. By looking into this data and making inferences to our ecosystem
6. BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 6
and it’s relation to resilience, the CHRP can work to improve social determinants, decrease
health inequality and strive for even distribution of resources as well. However, ‘ecological’ and
systematic perspectives, specifically how ecosystem disruption have both direct and indirect
implications for health that tend to exacerbate existing health inequalities whether through
exposure to physical hazards or loss of livelihoods (Corvalan et al., 2005; Marmot, 2007). By
taking a further look into the ecosystem, activists can better understand environmental hazards,
specifically how to respond to potential environmental health inflictions, such as water-related
diseases. Last, thinking about the distribution of resources in a community can drastically
enhance its resilience in certain areas of minority demographics. Social support interventions are
most effective when they build social skills and mutual support (Hogan et al. 2002). In areas
where financial resources are not implemented through policy or technology, services for
temporary relocation such as public transportation and health prevention must be readily
available. In minority communities, it is crucial for affordable and centrally located sources of
transportation as well as persistent public health efforts for alleviation of disease containments in
minority communities. The CHRP can gain further insight to close the gap between health
preparedness and response through education, activism and extensive research of environmental
conditions and community demographics.
7. BRIDGING THE GAP BETWEEN EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS AND RESPONSE 7
References
Plough, PhD, A. (2013). Building Community Resilience: Perspectives form a Large
Urban County Department of Public Health. Government, Law, and Public Health
Practice, 103(7). Retrieved from
http://ajph.aphapublications.org/doi/pdf/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301268
Colten, C. E., R. W. Kates, and S. B. Laska, 2008. “Community Resilience: Lessons
From New Orleans and Hurricane Katrina,” CARRI Research Report 3, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory.
Margot W. Parkes and Pierre Horwitz
Water, ecology and health: ecosystems as settings for promoting health and sustainability
Health Promot. Int. 2009 24: 94-102.
Norris, F. (2007). Community Resilience as a Metaphor, Theory, Set of Capabilities and
Strategy for Disaster Readiness. American Journal of Community Psychology, (41), 127-150.
Retrieved from http://www.emergencyvolunteering.com.au/ACT/Resource
Library/CR_metaphor_theory_capacities.pdf
Wetlands as settings for human health: Incorporating ecosystem services and health
impact assessment into water resource management
Horwitz P., Finlayson C.M.
(2011) BioScience, 61 (9) , pp. 678-688.
Cutter, S. (2008). A place-based model for understanding community resilience to natural
disasters. Global Environmental Change, 18(4), 598-606. Retrieved from
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959378008000666
Morrow, B. (2008, September 1). Community Resilience: A Social Justice
Perspective. Research Fundings About Community And Regional Resilience. Retrieved from
http://www.resilientus.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/FINAL_MORROW_9-25-
08_1223482348.pdf