this file has all the major pathophysiologies of burn in schematic form.... Enjoy!!!!

1. Cardiovascular alterations
Heat causes coagulation necrosis of skin and subcutaneous tissues
Release of vasoactive peptides
Altered capillary permeability
Loss of fluid severe hypovolemia
Decreased cardiac output decreased myocardial function
Decreased renal bloodflow oliguria (renal failure)
Altered pulmonary resistance causing pulmonary oedema
Infection
Systematic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRD)
Multi organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS)

2. Fluid and electrolyte alterations
Burn injury
Release of vasoactive substances (histamine, cytokines, oxidase,
catecholamine etc.)
Increase Vascular permeability
Oedema formation hemoconcentration
(Increased haematocrit)
Maycauseincrease decreaseintravascularvolume, increase blood tissue
pressure electrolyte & pH imbalance viscosity
Decrease blood flow to skin, initially body compensates with
Kidneys, and gastrointestinal tract increase peripheral vascular
Resistance
Cardiac output decreases
Decrease oxygen of tissues and vital organs
SIRD/MODS

3. Pulmonary alterations
Inhalation of direct heat, hot smoke, carbon mono oxide gases
Direct burn injury to smoke inhalation CO directly
Upper airway binds with haemoglobin and
Form carboxyhemoglobin
Release inflammatory mediators decrease oxygen
Carrying capacity of RBC
Severe upper airway oedema, tissue hypoxia
Bronchospasm
Decreased ventilation decreased oxygenation,
Respiratory acidosis
Severe hypoxia/suffocation
Shock

4. Renal alterations
Burn injury
Release of vasoactive substances and inflammatory mediators
Increase vascular permeability
Fluid shifts from intracellular space to interstitial spaces
Decrease intravascular volume, electrolyte and pH imbalances
Decrease blood volume and cardiac output
Decrease blood supply to renal system
Renal tissue destruction
Renal failure

5. Immunologic alterations
Burn injury
Destructionof the abnormal release of
skin barrier inflammatory factors
Favourable space for impaired neutrophil function and
Microorganism growth and reduction in
and portal for tissue entry lymphocytes
of microbes
Infection of tissues alteration of immune mechanism
Microbes growth and enters into blood
Septicaemia

6. Thermoregulatory alterations
Burn injury
Loss of skin surface, exposure to external environment
Inability to regulate fluid leaks from the
Body temperature burn wound
Increase evaporation from the tissues
Evaporation causes heat loss from the
body
Hypothermia

7. Gastrointestinal alterations
Burn injury
Increase vascular permeability cause oedema
Decrease intravascular volume, electrolyte and pH imbalance
Decrease blood supply to gastrointestinal tract
Mucosal atrophy increased intestinal permeability
Decreased peristalticmovements, overgrowth of GI bacteria
Decreased absorption which translocate to
Other organs
Paralytic ileus, gastric distention septicaemia
Curling ulcers
Gastric bleeding

8. Metabolic alterations
Burn injury
Stress
Catecholamine cortisol
Glucagon
Gluconeogenesis peripheral lipolysis proteolysis
Increase glucose increase free fatty acids increased
Amino acids
Hyper metabolism
Metabolic acidosis