This document discusses several pathogens and toxins including E. coli, nicotine, botulism, and H1N1. It provides information on what each is, how it affects the body, and ways to prevent or treat the illnesses they cause. E. coli can cause fever and diarrhea but some strains are deadly. Nicotine damages the nervous system and causes respiratory and circulatory issues but is addictive. Botulism paralyzes muscles and can cause respiratory failure. H1N1 virus causes flu-like symptoms and is highly contagious. Prevention methods include handwashing, avoiding crowds, vaccinations, and in the case of H1N1, Tamiflu treatment.

1. Pathogens and Toxins

2. E.Coli E.Coli is a toxin that causes fever chill, small diseases that annoying people. However, some are deadly . As you Know by this picture, E.coli is a living thing because it has cytoplasm, cell membrane and DNA.

3. How to Prevent and How Our Body system work Against E.Coli? To prevent entering E.Coli to our body, we should wash our body and hands very often, so viruses couldn’t enter our body easily. If E.Coli enters our body, white blood cells will be work. First, the invaders give a chemical sign that attracts white blood cells. Then white blood cells the destroyer, destroy the viruses. After that the injured body part would be healed .

4. Nicotine Nicotine is very harmful group of chemical substances. It is neurological toxin which damages nervous system. Also, it could cause respiratory failure and paralysis. Furthermore, it contracts blood vessels and high blood rate. However, it makes people excited, so that is why it is addictive.

5. How to Reduce Smoking? To reduce smoking, people could use s special patch or people could chew gums.

6. Botulism Botulism also well known as botulinus intoxication is rare but serious disease. It is a bacteria that produce toxin that damages your nerves. Also, it paralyze the muscles of body. Then, it spread to limbs and that causes big respiratory problem.

7. How To Prevent Botulism To prevent botulism : Be very careful when eating canned foods at home Do not let babies eat honey Get medical care for infected wounds

8. H1N1 H1N1 is an infection caused by a virus. The virus is very contagious that people could get the virus easily. The symptoms are fever, chills, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, and respiratory failure.

9. How To Prevent/Cure H1N1? To prevent H1N1, people should resist to go crowded places, wash hands frequently, and cough or sneeze on your own sleeves or shoulders to not spread to others. However, the best prevention is to get vaccines. To cure H1N1, our body have no ability to destroy the h1n1 themselves. Therefore, we must use TAMIFLU to cure.