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Past perfect tense
This document provides instruction on forming and using the past perfect tense in English. It outlines the structure of positive and negative statements, yes/no questions, and "WH" questions in the past perfect. It then gives five examples of common uses of the past perfect tense: (1) to indicate an action completed before something else in the past, (2) to explain or give a reason for something in the past, (3) with stative verbs to indicate something that started in the past and continued up to another past action, (4) in hypothetical or unreal situations, and (5) in reported speech.
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Past perfect tense
- 1. UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DELECUADOR FACULTAD DE FILOSOFÍA, LETRAS Y CIENCIAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN CARRERA PLURILINGUE ASIGNATURA: CURRICULO NOMBRE: KAROL BOLAÑOS
- 2. POSITIVE STATEMENTS SUBJECT + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE I had been (I'd been) You had gone (you'd gone) She had met (she'd met) He had played (he'd played) It had rained (it'd rained) We had bought (we'd bought) They had studied (they'd studied)
- 3. NEGATIVE STATEMENTS SUBJECT + HAD + NOT + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENT I had not been (I hadn't been) You had not gone (you hadn't gone) She had not met (she hadn't met) He had not played (he hadn't played) It had not rained (it hadn't rained) We had not bought (we hadn't bought) They had not studied (they hadn't studied)
- 4. YES/NO QUESTIONS HAD + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE Had I come? Had you eaten? Had she gone? Had it rained? Had he studied? Had we met? Had they left?
- 5. “WH” QUESTIONS QUESTION WORD + HAD + SUBJECT + PAST PARTICIPLE When had I come? Why had you eaten? Where had she gone? When had it rained? Why had he studied? How had we met? When had they left?
- 6. USING THE PASTPERFECT 1. A completed action before something else in the past. When we arrived, the film had started. ( first the film started, then later we arrived)
- 7. USING THE PASTPERFECT 2. To explain or give a reason for something in the past. I'd eaten dinner so I wasn't hungry. It had snowed in the night, so the bus didn't arrive.
- 8. USING THE PASTPERFECT 3. Stative verbs only: something that started in the past and continued up to another action in the past. When he graduated, he had been in London for six years. ( he arrived in London six years before he graduated and lived there continuously until he graduated, or even longer)
- 9. USING THE PASTPERFECT 4. Unreal or hypothetical stituations (Third conditional) (if + past perfect, ... would + have + past participle) If she had studied, she would have passed the exam. If I hadn't eaten so much, I wouldn't have felt sick. She would have become a teacher if she had gone to university She wouldn't have been tired if she had gone to bed earlier If I had had enough money, I would have bought you a better present.
- 10. USING THE PASTPERFECT 5. In reported speech : The past perfect is common when we report people's words or thoughts. John said that he had never eaten sushi before. I thought I had sent her a birthday card, but I was wrong. She told me that she had studied, but I knew she had not. She wondered why their classmates had been so unkind to her.