The document provides platforms for several major Israeli political parties competing in the 2009 elections. It summarizes each party's positions on key issues including socio-economic issues, peace and diplomacy, religion and state, and security and settlements. The parties represented include Labor, Balad, Gil, Hadash, and Habayit Hayehudi.
This document summarizes and criticizes a new Israeli law that passed in February 2014. The law provides for separate representation of Christian and Muslim Arab citizens on public advisory councils. Critics say the law institutionalizes racism by distinguishing citizens based on religion rather than national identity. It aims to divide the Arab population and privilege Christian Arabs over Muslim Arabs. The law's sponsor says it will benefit Christians as natural allies against Muslims, revealing an overtly racist viewpoint. The document argues the law will marginalize Muslim citizens and harden racism in Israel.
The document discusses the international legal framework protecting the right to health for refugees and migrants. It explains that refugee law and international human rights law both establish rights to health. Refugee law requires countries to provide lawfully staying refugees access to social services like health care equivalent to nationals. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights establish rights to health and non-discriminatory access to health services. However, migrants still face barriers to realizing these rights in practice due to discrimination, social attitudes, and legal status restrictions.
The document discusses refugees around the world and the legal framework surrounding refugee status and rights. It provides details on specific refugee populations such as Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, Jewish refugees in Europe, and discusses international laws and conventions regarding refugees including the 1951 Refugee Convention. It also discusses issues related to refugee healthcare, education, detention, and resettlement.
1) Over 6.7 million Palestinians are currently displaced persons, constituting the largest and longest-running refugee population in the world. This includes those displaced in 1948 and 1967 from what is now Israel.
2) The 1948 displacement, known as the Nakba, involved the forced transfer of indigenous Palestinians from their homes and implementation of laws denying their right to return. This displacement and denial of return continues today through practices like land confiscation and a permit regime.
3) International law affirms the Palestinian right of return, as outlined in numerous UN resolutions and treaties like the Fourth Geneva Convention. Reparations for the injustices suffered are also obligated under international law and principles of equity.
Pakistan has a population of over 212 million people, with minorities making up approximately 5.7% of the population. While the constitution provides protections for religious minorities, they still face discrimination and their rights are not always upheld. Religious minority groups like Christians, Hindus, and Ahmadis experience issues such as attacks on their places of worship, forced conversions, and difficulties in fully participating in the political system. More work is needed to translate legal protections of minorities into equality in practice.
Shaul Arieli's Presentation in Australianifaustralia
This document summarizes the challenges of establishing two independent states of Israel and Palestine based on the 1967 borders. It outlines the conflicting national narratives and demographic trends that threaten Israel's identity as a Jewish state. Alternative proposals like annexation or a single state are assessed as impractical and destabilizing. The document argues bilateral security arrangements and an incremental Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank combined with international support offers the best path for two democratic states to peacefully coexist.
The document discusses the rights of refugees under international law. It defines a refugee according to the 1951 Refugee Convention as someone who has fled their country due to a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group. It outlines that refugees' basic rights include protection from refoulement, freedom of movement, identity documents, education and work. It also discusses the role of the UNHCR in protecting refugees and lists some populations of refugees in India, such as Tibetans, Sri Lankan Tamils, Bhutanese Nepalis and Hindu Pakistanis.
This document summarizes and criticizes a new Israeli law that passed in February 2014. The law provides for separate representation of Christian and Muslim Arab citizens on public advisory councils. Critics say the law institutionalizes racism by distinguishing citizens based on religion rather than national identity. It aims to divide the Arab population and privilege Christian Arabs over Muslim Arabs. The law's sponsor says it will benefit Christians as natural allies against Muslims, revealing an overtly racist viewpoint. The document argues the law will marginalize Muslim citizens and harden racism in Israel.
The document discusses the international legal framework protecting the right to health for refugees and migrants. It explains that refugee law and international human rights law both establish rights to health. Refugee law requires countries to provide lawfully staying refugees access to social services like health care equivalent to nationals. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights establish rights to health and non-discriminatory access to health services. However, migrants still face barriers to realizing these rights in practice due to discrimination, social attitudes, and legal status restrictions.
The document discusses refugees around the world and the legal framework surrounding refugee status and rights. It provides details on specific refugee populations such as Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh, Jewish refugees in Europe, and discusses international laws and conventions regarding refugees including the 1951 Refugee Convention. It also discusses issues related to refugee healthcare, education, detention, and resettlement.
1) Over 6.7 million Palestinians are currently displaced persons, constituting the largest and longest-running refugee population in the world. This includes those displaced in 1948 and 1967 from what is now Israel.
2) The 1948 displacement, known as the Nakba, involved the forced transfer of indigenous Palestinians from their homes and implementation of laws denying their right to return. This displacement and denial of return continues today through practices like land confiscation and a permit regime.
3) International law affirms the Palestinian right of return, as outlined in numerous UN resolutions and treaties like the Fourth Geneva Convention. Reparations for the injustices suffered are also obligated under international law and principles of equity.
Pakistan has a population of over 212 million people, with minorities making up approximately 5.7% of the population. While the constitution provides protections for religious minorities, they still face discrimination and their rights are not always upheld. Religious minority groups like Christians, Hindus, and Ahmadis experience issues such as attacks on their places of worship, forced conversions, and difficulties in fully participating in the political system. More work is needed to translate legal protections of minorities into equality in practice.
Shaul Arieli's Presentation in Australianifaustralia
This document summarizes the challenges of establishing two independent states of Israel and Palestine based on the 1967 borders. It outlines the conflicting national narratives and demographic trends that threaten Israel's identity as a Jewish state. Alternative proposals like annexation or a single state are assessed as impractical and destabilizing. The document argues bilateral security arrangements and an incremental Israeli withdrawal from the West Bank combined with international support offers the best path for two democratic states to peacefully coexist.
The document discusses the rights of refugees under international law. It defines a refugee according to the 1951 Refugee Convention as someone who has fled their country due to a well-founded fear of persecution for reasons of race, religion, nationality, political opinion or membership in a particular social group. It outlines that refugees' basic rights include protection from refoulement, freedom of movement, identity documents, education and work. It also discusses the role of the UNHCR in protecting refugees and lists some populations of refugees in India, such as Tibetans, Sri Lankan Tamils, Bhutanese Nepalis and Hindu Pakistanis.
The Muslim world is now a world of conflict and forced migrants (Dar al harb wa al muhajirun). Asylum and “refuge-seeking” are two important themes in Islamic history.
Islamic theory and teachings relating to refugees and forced displacement are known as hijrah law. It is quite different from modern refugee law. It arguably gives more protection to asylum-seekers and refugees (mustaminun). However, hijrah law is rarely referred to or invoked today. If they were taken into consideration, it could contribute greatly to the protection of the forcibly displaced. It might also reduce the numerous problems refugees all over the globe are facing.
The document discusses human rights violations that lead to refugee movements. It defines refugees according to international law and outlines their rights. It notes that at the end of 2008, 42 million people were forcibly displaced internationally. The document also discusses the role of the UNHCR in protecting refugees and providing durable solutions. It provides statistics on refugee populations and countries of origin. In conclusion, it states that citizens must speak up about human rights violations even when they do not directly affect themselves.
The document discusses Australian policy on asylum seekers and mandatory detention. It outlines that Australian law requires the detention of all non-citizens without a valid visa, including asylum seekers who arrive without proper documentation. However, mandatory detention policies have been criticized for violating human rights and inflicting physical and mental health problems on detainees due to long detention periods. The document also examines different theories on refugee migration and the definition of refugees under international law.
This document discusses indigenous peoples in Southeast Asia. It begins by defining indigenous peoples and explaining that they prefer to use the names their ancestors gave them rather than terms imposed by outsiders. It notes that indigenous peoples have distinct cultures and strong connections to their traditional lands and resources. The document then distinguishes indigenous peoples from ethnic minorities, noting that indigenous peoples have collective rights under the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. These collective rights include self-determination, land and resource rights, free prior and informed consent, development and cultural rights. Finally, it acknowledges the common issues indigenous peoples face, such as non-recognition as indigenous peoples by some governments in the region.
Bangladesh's constitution and laws aim to protect religious minorities, but in practice minorities still face discrimination. Minority groups are sometimes marginalized through insensitive laws, unequal justice systems, and exploitation of political power by dominant ethnic or religious groups. While Bangladesh has ratified international treaties protecting minority rights, amendments to its constitution have weakened fundamental freedoms and the rights of minorities are not always guaranteed as per international law. There remains a need to better implement human rights protections for religious minorities in Bangladesh to achieve true equality and social stability.
The document discusses human rights violations and the erosion of democracy in Bangladesh under the current Awami League-led government. It notes extrajudicial killings, torture, and the use of the legal system to oppress political opponents have increased. The regime has also implemented a "secular education plan" and taken other actions seen as attempts to eliminate Islamic influences from society and politics. Critics argue this has been done through "ultra-secularist" means focused on annihilating Islam rather than reasonably separating religion from government affairs.
The document proposes a federal solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict with two autonomous states under a shared government. This would allow Jewish settlers to remain in their homes, and both Israelis and Palestinians would have a right to return. A federation from the Mediterranean to the Jordan River could provide territorial continuity while allowing Israel to preserve its identity and connect to the Arab world. A shared parliament, government, courts and army could increase security and decrease threats to Israel from within and without.
Presentation of the federal solution in Englishsdanot
The document discusses potential political solutions to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It describes the idea of a two-state solution with land exchanges or Israeli withdrawal, but notes issues like the territories not being contiguous and the right of return remaining unresolved. It then proposes a federal solution with two autonomous yet connected states sharing a parliament, government, court and army, allowing territorial continuity and symmetry on rights of return while preserving both sides' identities. However, implementing this solution would be difficult and take time to gain acceptance from both publics and the international community.
1. Pakistan has a poor human rights record and high levels of violations against minorities, women, and children. While Pakistan is signatory to international human rights declarations and covenants, domestic implementation and enforcement of these protections is lacking.
2. Factors contributing to human rights issues include prolonged periods of authoritarian rule hindering democratic development, discriminatory laws against religious minorities and women, widespread poverty, and more recently increased militant violence.
3. While some progress has been made through expanded civil society and media advocacy, strengthening the rule of law, democratic institutions, and government commitment to rights are still needed to better protect Pakistanis from human rights abuses.
The document discusses human rights in Pakistan, outlining the basis of human rights as standards that accord to humans based on their humanity. It notes several issues regarding human rights violations in Pakistan, including healthcare access, women's rights, and child labor. The document concludes by discussing various methods that could help protect human rights, such as education, police/military training, independent judiciary, and work by international organizations.
Human rights issues still exist in the United States, including racial discrimination and the disproportionate incarceration of African Americans. While the US criticizes other countries' human rights records, it still struggles with providing economic and social rights to all citizens. However, organizations are working to raise awareness of issues like gender inequality, poverty, and environmental degradation to advocate for better protections of human rights.
Victims rights as human rights from human rights watchmarsyslawforall
First and foremost, all victims of crime should have their status recognized by the state. Such recognition should be forthcoming whether or not alleged perpetrators are identified or arrested. Human rights standards demand that victims be treated with compassion and with respect for their human dignity throughout the criminal justice process, and that no group or category of victims should suffer from discrimination. Victims of crime should be able to have access to and participate in the criminal justice system through procedures that provide them with information, notice, and an opportunity to be heard without prejudice to the rights of the accused. Human rights standards recognize that victims should be protected and assisted in all appropriate instances, and they should have access to specialized help in dealing with emotional trauma and other hardships caused by their victimization.2
1. The approval of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights establishes an important mechanism for victims of violations of ESC rights. It creates a system for individuals to file complaints with the Committee on ESC Rights and for the Committee to investigate serious and systematic violations.
2. The Optional Protocol allows individuals to file communications with the Committee after exhausting domestic legal options. It also establishes procedures for the Committee to investigate violations, including field visits with state approval, and issue recommendations to states.
3. The Protocol will help address interdependence of all human rights and protect victims of Colombia's armed conflict, who often suffer violations of ESC rights like housing, education, and subsistence rights
Bangladesh is one of the 49 countries in the list of Asian continent, which got independence in the year 1971 after having a bloody war of nine months. Since independence, a series of felony has been experienced by the populace of Bangladesh over times either by the internal rulers or by the external forces and thence continues to be wracked by human rights violations. Even though, Bangladesh became the member of United Nations in 1974 and have ratified a number of international human rights instruments such as: The Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (United Nations Convention against Torture) 1984 and The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICCPED) 2006, which are indispensable to prevent torture within the border, and forbids state to transport people to any country where there is reason to believe that they will be tortured, there remain perceived cases of serious abuse, including extra-judicial killings, custodial deaths, arbitrary arrest and detention, and harassment of populace over the recent past five years. Moreover, the failure to investigate fully extra-judicial killings by security forces (such as: police, RAB and BDR) including the deaths under custody, remained a matter of serious concern. Some members of the security forces acted with impunity and committed acts of physical and psychological torture. Violence against women and children remained a serious problem, as did trafficking in persons. This paper will pose a critical analysis on how provisions of such international conventions (for the protection of human rights) are being violating in Bangladesh and suggest some guidelines for implementing such human rights instruments contingenting upon the present impasse.
The document provides information about the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). It discusses the legal basis and creation of ARMM, its political subdivisions, official seal and flag. It also outlines ARMM's vision, mission, mandate and government structure. Key details include ARMM's powers, inter-governmental relations, large taxpayers, and banner programs implemented under Governor Mujiv Hataman such as ARMM HELPS, BRIDGE and HEART which focus on convergence of services. The document highlights achievements in improving governance through regional planning, budget increases, and strengthened oversight offices.
South Africa has a multiparty system with the ANC currently the dominant party. The President is both head of state and head of government, elected by parliament. There are also provincial legislatures. Other major parties include the Democratic Alliance and the Inkatha Freedom Party. The constitution provides for strong protections of civil liberties and human rights. South African politics continues to transform in the post-apartheid era.
The document summarizes the differences between two UN organizations that aid refugees - UNHCR and UNRWA. UNHCR aids all refugees globally with a goal of resettlement, while UNRWA solely aids Palestinian refugees with a goal of preserving their refugee status indefinitely. As a result, the number of Palestinian refugees has grown significantly over time in contrast to other refugee populations aided by UNHCR who are resettled within 1 year. The document argues that if UNHCR had aided Palestinian refugees instead, their numbers would be much lower today and the Israel-Arab conflict potentially resolved.
This document introduces Donald F. Logsdon, an online instructor who has extensive academic and teaching experience. He has two PhDs and 15 master's degrees across various fields. His objective is to teach online communications courses once completing his MA in Strategic Communications. He has over 40 years of teaching experience at the college level and 17 years teaching online. He currently teaches for six online programs and has developed 14 online courses. He has also published over 600 books, articles, and reviews.
Applied analysis and construction of prevention, monitoring and early warning...hunypink
To prevent from the hazards of mountain torrent disasters, today’s monitoring and early warning system is widely
used in mountain areas to keep alert from the rainstorm. Mountain torrent disaster caused by the rainstorm and is one of the most important reasons, resulting in transportation blocks and mass casualties. Mountain torrent disaster occurs frequently depends on the weather of mountain’s country. It can be distinguished and predicted by monitoring and early warning system to provide the safety reference in disaster presentation and reduction. This paper presents the analysis and key management of monitoring and early warning system of mountain torrent which mainly includes monitoring system and early warning system of water and rain information. In order to achieve better effect of disaster prevention and reduction, establish an organization system of mass observation and mass prevention and enhance training propaganda. The monitoring system of water and rain information mainly includes network layout of water and rain monitoring station, information acquisition, information transmission and communication networking and configuration of devices. Early warning system of mountain torrent is composed of platform-based early warning system of torrent defense and early warning system of torrent mass observation and mass prevention. And also appended short description of publicity and training includes popularization of knowledge about disaster prevention; preparations of disaster prevention, maintenance and operation of monitoring and warning facilities, publicity and rehearsal of proposal.
The document describes Blink, a band and mobile application that helps parents keep track of their children's locations both indoors and outdoors through GPS tracking, notifying parents if a child wanders out of a set range or if the band is removed from the child. The core value of Blink is to help take care of children and assist parents in doing so. The application allows parents to view their children's locations on maps, set meeting places, and send alerts to police if a child cannot be found.
The Muslim world is now a world of conflict and forced migrants (Dar al harb wa al muhajirun). Asylum and “refuge-seeking” are two important themes in Islamic history.
Islamic theory and teachings relating to refugees and forced displacement are known as hijrah law. It is quite different from modern refugee law. It arguably gives more protection to asylum-seekers and refugees (mustaminun). However, hijrah law is rarely referred to or invoked today. If they were taken into consideration, it could contribute greatly to the protection of the forcibly displaced. It might also reduce the numerous problems refugees all over the globe are facing.
The document discusses human rights violations that lead to refugee movements. It defines refugees according to international law and outlines their rights. It notes that at the end of 2008, 42 million people were forcibly displaced internationally. The document also discusses the role of the UNHCR in protecting refugees and providing durable solutions. It provides statistics on refugee populations and countries of origin. In conclusion, it states that citizens must speak up about human rights violations even when they do not directly affect themselves.
The document discusses Australian policy on asylum seekers and mandatory detention. It outlines that Australian law requires the detention of all non-citizens without a valid visa, including asylum seekers who arrive without proper documentation. However, mandatory detention policies have been criticized for violating human rights and inflicting physical and mental health problems on detainees due to long detention periods. The document also examines different theories on refugee migration and the definition of refugees under international law.
This document discusses indigenous peoples in Southeast Asia. It begins by defining indigenous peoples and explaining that they prefer to use the names their ancestors gave them rather than terms imposed by outsiders. It notes that indigenous peoples have distinct cultures and strong connections to their traditional lands and resources. The document then distinguishes indigenous peoples from ethnic minorities, noting that indigenous peoples have collective rights under the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. These collective rights include self-determination, land and resource rights, free prior and informed consent, development and cultural rights. Finally, it acknowledges the common issues indigenous peoples face, such as non-recognition as indigenous peoples by some governments in the region.
Bangladesh's constitution and laws aim to protect religious minorities, but in practice minorities still face discrimination. Minority groups are sometimes marginalized through insensitive laws, unequal justice systems, and exploitation of political power by dominant ethnic or religious groups. While Bangladesh has ratified international treaties protecting minority rights, amendments to its constitution have weakened fundamental freedoms and the rights of minorities are not always guaranteed as per international law. There remains a need to better implement human rights protections for religious minorities in Bangladesh to achieve true equality and social stability.
The document discusses human rights violations and the erosion of democracy in Bangladesh under the current Awami League-led government. It notes extrajudicial killings, torture, and the use of the legal system to oppress political opponents have increased. The regime has also implemented a "secular education plan" and taken other actions seen as attempts to eliminate Islamic influences from society and politics. Critics argue this has been done through "ultra-secularist" means focused on annihilating Islam rather than reasonably separating religion from government affairs.
The document proposes a federal solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict with two autonomous states under a shared government. This would allow Jewish settlers to remain in their homes, and both Israelis and Palestinians would have a right to return. A federation from the Mediterranean to the Jordan River could provide territorial continuity while allowing Israel to preserve its identity and connect to the Arab world. A shared parliament, government, courts and army could increase security and decrease threats to Israel from within and without.
Presentation of the federal solution in Englishsdanot
The document discusses potential political solutions to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It describes the idea of a two-state solution with land exchanges or Israeli withdrawal, but notes issues like the territories not being contiguous and the right of return remaining unresolved. It then proposes a federal solution with two autonomous yet connected states sharing a parliament, government, court and army, allowing territorial continuity and symmetry on rights of return while preserving both sides' identities. However, implementing this solution would be difficult and take time to gain acceptance from both publics and the international community.
1. Pakistan has a poor human rights record and high levels of violations against minorities, women, and children. While Pakistan is signatory to international human rights declarations and covenants, domestic implementation and enforcement of these protections is lacking.
2. Factors contributing to human rights issues include prolonged periods of authoritarian rule hindering democratic development, discriminatory laws against religious minorities and women, widespread poverty, and more recently increased militant violence.
3. While some progress has been made through expanded civil society and media advocacy, strengthening the rule of law, democratic institutions, and government commitment to rights are still needed to better protect Pakistanis from human rights abuses.
The document discusses human rights in Pakistan, outlining the basis of human rights as standards that accord to humans based on their humanity. It notes several issues regarding human rights violations in Pakistan, including healthcare access, women's rights, and child labor. The document concludes by discussing various methods that could help protect human rights, such as education, police/military training, independent judiciary, and work by international organizations.
Human rights issues still exist in the United States, including racial discrimination and the disproportionate incarceration of African Americans. While the US criticizes other countries' human rights records, it still struggles with providing economic and social rights to all citizens. However, organizations are working to raise awareness of issues like gender inequality, poverty, and environmental degradation to advocate for better protections of human rights.
Victims rights as human rights from human rights watchmarsyslawforall
First and foremost, all victims of crime should have their status recognized by the state. Such recognition should be forthcoming whether or not alleged perpetrators are identified or arrested. Human rights standards demand that victims be treated with compassion and with respect for their human dignity throughout the criminal justice process, and that no group or category of victims should suffer from discrimination. Victims of crime should be able to have access to and participate in the criminal justice system through procedures that provide them with information, notice, and an opportunity to be heard without prejudice to the rights of the accused. Human rights standards recognize that victims should be protected and assisted in all appropriate instances, and they should have access to specialized help in dealing with emotional trauma and other hardships caused by their victimization.2
1. The approval of the Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights establishes an important mechanism for victims of violations of ESC rights. It creates a system for individuals to file complaints with the Committee on ESC Rights and for the Committee to investigate serious and systematic violations.
2. The Optional Protocol allows individuals to file communications with the Committee after exhausting domestic legal options. It also establishes procedures for the Committee to investigate violations, including field visits with state approval, and issue recommendations to states.
3. The Protocol will help address interdependence of all human rights and protect victims of Colombia's armed conflict, who often suffer violations of ESC rights like housing, education, and subsistence rights
Bangladesh is one of the 49 countries in the list of Asian continent, which got independence in the year 1971 after having a bloody war of nine months. Since independence, a series of felony has been experienced by the populace of Bangladesh over times either by the internal rulers or by the external forces and thence continues to be wracked by human rights violations. Even though, Bangladesh became the member of United Nations in 1974 and have ratified a number of international human rights instruments such as: The Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (United Nations Convention against Torture) 1984 and The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICCPED) 2006, which are indispensable to prevent torture within the border, and forbids state to transport people to any country where there is reason to believe that they will be tortured, there remain perceived cases of serious abuse, including extra-judicial killings, custodial deaths, arbitrary arrest and detention, and harassment of populace over the recent past five years. Moreover, the failure to investigate fully extra-judicial killings by security forces (such as: police, RAB and BDR) including the deaths under custody, remained a matter of serious concern. Some members of the security forces acted with impunity and committed acts of physical and psychological torture. Violence against women and children remained a serious problem, as did trafficking in persons. This paper will pose a critical analysis on how provisions of such international conventions (for the protection of human rights) are being violating in Bangladesh and suggest some guidelines for implementing such human rights instruments contingenting upon the present impasse.
The document provides information about the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM). It discusses the legal basis and creation of ARMM, its political subdivisions, official seal and flag. It also outlines ARMM's vision, mission, mandate and government structure. Key details include ARMM's powers, inter-governmental relations, large taxpayers, and banner programs implemented under Governor Mujiv Hataman such as ARMM HELPS, BRIDGE and HEART which focus on convergence of services. The document highlights achievements in improving governance through regional planning, budget increases, and strengthened oversight offices.
South Africa has a multiparty system with the ANC currently the dominant party. The President is both head of state and head of government, elected by parliament. There are also provincial legislatures. Other major parties include the Democratic Alliance and the Inkatha Freedom Party. The constitution provides for strong protections of civil liberties and human rights. South African politics continues to transform in the post-apartheid era.
The document summarizes the differences between two UN organizations that aid refugees - UNHCR and UNRWA. UNHCR aids all refugees globally with a goal of resettlement, while UNRWA solely aids Palestinian refugees with a goal of preserving their refugee status indefinitely. As a result, the number of Palestinian refugees has grown significantly over time in contrast to other refugee populations aided by UNHCR who are resettled within 1 year. The document argues that if UNHCR had aided Palestinian refugees instead, their numbers would be much lower today and the Israel-Arab conflict potentially resolved.
This document introduces Donald F. Logsdon, an online instructor who has extensive academic and teaching experience. He has two PhDs and 15 master's degrees across various fields. His objective is to teach online communications courses once completing his MA in Strategic Communications. He has over 40 years of teaching experience at the college level and 17 years teaching online. He currently teaches for six online programs and has developed 14 online courses. He has also published over 600 books, articles, and reviews.
Applied analysis and construction of prevention, monitoring and early warning...hunypink
To prevent from the hazards of mountain torrent disasters, today’s monitoring and early warning system is widely
used in mountain areas to keep alert from the rainstorm. Mountain torrent disaster caused by the rainstorm and is one of the most important reasons, resulting in transportation blocks and mass casualties. Mountain torrent disaster occurs frequently depends on the weather of mountain’s country. It can be distinguished and predicted by monitoring and early warning system to provide the safety reference in disaster presentation and reduction. This paper presents the analysis and key management of monitoring and early warning system of mountain torrent which mainly includes monitoring system and early warning system of water and rain information. In order to achieve better effect of disaster prevention and reduction, establish an organization system of mass observation and mass prevention and enhance training propaganda. The monitoring system of water and rain information mainly includes network layout of water and rain monitoring station, information acquisition, information transmission and communication networking and configuration of devices. Early warning system of mountain torrent is composed of platform-based early warning system of torrent defense and early warning system of torrent mass observation and mass prevention. And also appended short description of publicity and training includes popularization of knowledge about disaster prevention; preparations of disaster prevention, maintenance and operation of monitoring and warning facilities, publicity and rehearsal of proposal.
The document describes Blink, a band and mobile application that helps parents keep track of their children's locations both indoors and outdoors through GPS tracking, notifying parents if a child wanders out of a set range or if the band is removed from the child. The core value of Blink is to help take care of children and assist parents in doing so. The application allows parents to view their children's locations on maps, set meeting places, and send alerts to police if a child cannot be found.
The document describes two customer journeys. The first is for a Gabriel Iglesias comedy show in San Jose. It summarizes that the customer watched his material once, is not usually a stand-up comedy fan, and a friend recommended it. The second is for music concerts, with four potential customer types - Lucky, Bored, Late, and Knowing from a Friend. It provides more details on the considerations and purchase process for each type.
The world is becoming easier to understand through numbers. They can tell us how much an individual makes in a country, how many people are in that country, and how long these people can expect to live on average. But what about the more subjective concepts? How do we measure and understand happiness? Success? Gallup-Healthway's Global Well-Being Index has broken it down to people’s perception of five key elements in their life.
www.twitter.com/stinsondesign
www. facebook.com/stinsondesign
www.stinsondesign.com
This document provides clinical materials for self-learning in clinical medicine. It includes 12 clinical cases with descriptions, examination findings, imaging results, and summaries. The objective is to examine each case carefully and analyze the findings to aid in learning. Suggestions and feedback can be provided to the author via email. The author acknowledges and thanks the patients, teachers, and colleagues who contributed to developing this resource.
Cody Simpson is an Australian pop and R&B singer born in 1997 who was discovered on YouTube singing covers. He has released several EPs including "4 U" in 2010 and "Coast to Coast" in 2011 containing hit singles. Simpson has toured internationally and appeared on television shows. He has received nominations and awards for his music including multiple Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards in Australia.
This document contains a credit report for Aradhana Singh. It shows she has 3 accounts including 2 auto loans from 2011 and 1 from 2009. Her CIBIL TransUnion score is 789 and personal loan score is 802. She has a history of inquiries for auto loans between 2009-2011. All accounts are current with no past due amounts.
The document provides instructions for checking the status of the F-43 program in the SAP system and viewing how it calls user exit programs. It instructs the user to go to transactions SE80 and SE24, take the FBAS package, click on enhancements, and set a breakpoint on the CL_EXITHANDLER class to see how the F-43 program calls exit programs directly when transactions F-47, F-53 or F-43 are executed. It also mentions going to CMOD/SMOD to check configured user exits.
Este documento describe los elementos necesarios para el diseño exitoso de un producto o servicio, incluyendo considerar las necesidades de los usuarios y compradores, seleccionar las mejores alternativas de producción, y elegir materiales amigables con el ambiente para tener una ventaja competitiva en el mercado.
The CGIAR Research Program on Roots, Tubers and Bananas (RTB) aims to harness the potential of root, tuber and banana crops to improve food security, nutrition and livelihoods for 200 million people in developing countries. These crops include potatoes, sweetpotatoes, cassava, yams, bananas and plantains. They are important staple crops in Sub-Saharan Africa that are often grown by women and marginalized groups. RTB crops can produce high yields of calories per hectare and some varieties provide vitamins and minerals. They are also important cash crops and can be used to make processed products, which adds value. While facing common challenges like perishability, RTB crops also have
Eric Roberts, also known as Vinod, was a Punjabi singer and composer active from 1922 to 1959. He recorded over 300 songs for 36 Hindi films and 50 Punjabi films between 1946 and 1961. Some of his notable films include Chaman (1948) and Nikki (1958). He also recorded a few non-film songs in Punjabi in the 1940s and 1950s composed by himself. The document provides information about his filmography and family compiled by a historian of Indian music.
The document discusses the importance of mobile and tablet accessibility for websites. It provides statistics that show high usage of smartphones and tablets for activities like shopping, searching locally, and entertainment. Around 11% of US adults own a tablet and tablet owners spend an average of 90 minutes daily on their devices. The document then gives recommendations for making websites accessible on mobile and tablets, such as resizing images, measuring traffic, not breaking links, and automatically detecting devices. It also provides some examples of websites with good and poor mobile accessibility.
The document is a report from a committee of the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) on Israel/Palestine and the complex context of the Middle East. The committee was mandated to study the region, assess the role of the church and its mission, analyze U.S. policies, and recommend steps to improve relations and foster justice and peace. The report details the committee's process, findings on issues like settlements, checkpoints, and refugees, and provides recommendations addressing human rights, a two-state solution, an end to occupation and violence, and the urgent need to break down physical and ideological barriers to peace.
The document is Israel's Declaration of Independence from 1948. It summarizes the history of the Jewish people's connection to Israel as their ancestral homeland, their exile and continued connection over centuries, and recent mass return and establishment of a community. It cites the 1917 Balfour Declaration and UN partition plan as recognizing the Jewish people's right to national revival and independent state in Israel. It then declares the establishment of the State of Israel and its provisional government until elections, with principles of equality, justice, UN cooperation and open invitation to neighboring states for peace.
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Party Platform Selections 2009 - Website DEMOCRACY
1. Israel General Elections to the 18th Knesset - 10 February 2009
A Summary of Political Party Platforms from A to Z
Party Platforms of the Major Parties
1
2. The Israeli Labor Party - מפלגת העבודה הישראלית
Current Knesset Seats (1-2009): Labor = 18
Candidate for Prime Minister: Ehud Barak
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
Social justice, responsibility, social Two states for two peoples. A Peace agreement and two The Security Fence is a vital defensive measure
inclusion. The economy is not saved by Seeks a just and lasting peace with states will ensure a Jewish, and should be completed. Its route will be
cuts in social welfare that aggravate secure and defensible borders for democratic state. based on legal and security considerations.
poverty. Narrow the social gap by a Israel.
fairer distribution of resources and Opposes the passage of Israel will retain major settlement blocs. Settlers
measures to reduce poverty. Supports land for peace formula; legislation in the Knesset who leave will receive fair compensation.
supported Disengagement Plan denying the rights of non-
Accept free market economy, while from Gaza. Seeks a return to the Orthodox religious groups in Open to division of Jerusalem and separate
protecting the jobs, conditions and Road Map for Peace, towards a final Israel. sovereignty.
wages of workers. Raise minimum status agreement based on pre-67
wage, improve NI payments to the status quo. Jerusalem remains Affirms the legitimacy of all
elderly, create compulsory contributory Israel's capital. religious streams.
pension, invest to reduce
unemployment. Increase investment in No direct negotiations with Hamas.
development of infrastructure, culture Israel should work to isolate Hamas
and social welfare programs, public internationally and should apply
housing. Comprehensive educational pressure on Hamas to change its
reform; free public education and doctrine. Partners for negotiation
health services. must recognize Israel's right to exist
in secure and recognized borders.
Equal rights and opportunities for all
citizens.
http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections16/eng/lists/list_eng.asp?id=18
http://www.avoda.org.il
http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3498355,00.html
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/819/975.html
2
3. Balad - National Democratic Assembly בל"ד - הברית הלאומית הדמוקרטית
Current Knesset Seats (1-2009) = 3
Party Head: Jamal Zahalka
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
Israel is the state of all its citizens. Balad Supports a peace agreement Opposes any religious laws that Settlements should be dismantled in the
reflects interests in the Arab sector and ensuring "the withdrawal of Israel are discriminatory towards the framework of a comprehensive peace
aims to eliminate all state institutions from all occupied Arab territories national minorities. agreement.
and laws that discriminate against and the establishment of an
Arabs in Israel, including prejudice in independent Palestinian state" in Supports the separation of Jerusalem as capital of Palestinian state.
the national budget. the "Occupied Territories, with East Religion and State
Israel should recognize and protect Jerusalem as its capital."
Arab national minority rights and grant Annul official recognition of
cultural autonomy to Arabs in matters Supports the Right of Return for all Zionist organizations: Jewish
that distinguish them from the national Arab refugees (1948, 1967). Agency, Keren Kayemeth
majority. Demands recognition of LeIsrael.
unrecognized Arab villages. Rejects
compulsory military service for Arab
citizens.
http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections16/eng/lists/list_eng.asp?id=11
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPageCurrent_eng.asp?PG=103
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/821/685.html (Hebrew)
3
4. Gil - Pensioners of Israel to the Knesset גיל – גימלאי ישראל לכנסת
Current Knesset Seats (1-2009)=6
Party Head - Rafael Eitan
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security,
Settlements
Improvement of Pensioners' rights: No clear policy: Coalition with a Separation of Religion and No clear
housing, health and culture. government that seeks to achieve State. platform.
secure borders for Israel.
Promotion of democratic society,
educational opportunities, hi-tech,
economic prosperity.
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPage_eng.asp?PG=191 http://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mk_eng.asp?mk_individual_id_t=794
http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Personalities/From+A-Z/Rafi+Eitan.htm
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/820/861.html (Hebrew)
http://news.nana10.co.il/Article/?ArticleID=363795& (Hebrew, 2006)
4
5. Hadash - The Democratic Front for Peace and Equality חד"ש - החזית הדמוקרטית לשלום ולשוויון
Current Knesset Seats=3
Party Head - Mohammad Barakeh
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
A Jewish-Arab party relatively classic 2 states for 2 peoples. Israel as a state of all its All settlements over pre-1967 borders are illegal
communist – socialist position on: citizens, full equality for and should be evacuated, including East
economy, labor, social welfare, health, Establishment of a Palestinian capital Arab citizens. Jerusalem.
education. Aims to draw larger Jewish in the areas of Jerusalem annexed to
Israeli vote and membership through Israel after June 1967 (East Jerusalem). Separation of religion and Division of sovereignty in Jerusalem.
merger with Tarabut socio-political state. Civil marriage and
movement. Complete withdrawal from all areas divorce. Abolition of Merged with Tarabut the Anti-Fence
conquered in the Six Day War. coercive religious law. movement/lobby, on Israeli political left.
Primary issues: Social justice, equality; Pursue a "just settlement of the Freedom of conscience.
recognition of the national Arab- refugee issue"; All provisions should
Palestinian minority and its rights – be anchored by peace agreements. "... opposed to the passage
positive ethnic discrimination; greater of legislation in the Knesset
cultural integration of the Arab Opposes the Security Fence. which would deny the
minority; sexual equality. Investment in rights of non-Orthodox
schools, urban rehabilitation. religious groups in Israel."
Transparency of government, freedom
of information.
Strong green (ecological) platform on:
protection of environment, pollution,
cellular antennae.
http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections16/eng/lists/list_eng.asp?id=23
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPageCurrent_eng.asp?PG=12
http://www.hadash.org.il/english/index.html http://www.hadash.org.il/ (Hebrew, English)
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/821/663.html (Hebrew)
5
6. Habayit Hayehudi - The New Mafdal Party הבית היהודי -מפד"ל החדשה
Current Knesset Seats (1-2009)=5
Party Head: Prof. Daniel Hershkovitz
Split from: Ichud Leumi-Moledet –Tekuma-Mafdal/NRP, New Religious Zionism
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
Right-wing, focusing on a redemptive Supports direct peace negotiations "Israel is a Jewish and Emphasis on renewing significance of Judaism
religious Zionist platform. with all the Arab states and with the democratic state. As such it and Zionism in Eretz Yisrael, and the settlements.
Arabs of Israel, based on the following will protect equal rights for Promotes active settlement in all areas of Eretz
Better employment, immigration principles: ensuring full and abiding all its citizens and residents. Yisrael to create a vibrant economy, and a strong
assistance; housing, education security for the individual and the The standing of the Jewish presence and ensure security.
programs; improve medical care and state; uncompromising battle against legislative authority will be
social welfare; ensure reasonable terror; no Palestinian state west of the strengthened and the Opposes all uprooting of settlements and
income level. Jordan; unified Jerusalem as the independence of the territorial compromise on Jerusalem.
eternal capital of the people of Israel judiciary will be honored."
Promote and finance excellence in and the State of Israel alone; Affirmation of Israeli sovereignty over the Temple
education, with integration of negotiated autonomy for Arabs of the To ensure Israel's Jewish Mount.
Jewish/Zionist values. Territories; no Arab "right of return". character by promulgating
the heritage and values of
Advocates a democratic Jewish state. the Jewish People. Favors
legislation to ensure the
Jewish nature of the State.
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPageCurrent_eng.asp?PG=200
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPageCurrent_eng.asp?PG=201
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Home
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Religious_Party
http://www.mafdal.org.il/ (Hebrew )
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/820/795.html (NRP Hebrew)
http://elections.walla.co.il/?w=/13375/@entity (Hebrew)
http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1044823.html (Hebrew)
6
7. Ichud Leumi – האיחוד הלאומי
Current Knesset Seats – 10
Party Head – Yehuda Katz (Running with HaBayit HaLeumi for 18th Knesset)
Split from: Ichud Leumi-Moledet –Tekuma-Mafdal/NRP, New Religious Zionism
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
Right wing, nationalist platform; "Peace for peace" – with Israel Democratic Jewish state. Eretz Yisrael is the Jewish national home of all the
promotion of a democratic Jewish state retaining current borders - to be Enhance Jewish and Jewish People.
and Zionist renewal achieved by agreement, and national Zionist identity
resolution of the refugee problem . through education to Opposes all uprooting of settlements. Promotes
Advocates for: A liberal economy, via "population exchange." Jewish history and values, active settlement in all areas of Eretz Yisrael to
elimination of monopolies, narrow social based on Jewish sources. create a vibrant economy, a strong Jewish
gap and fostering equality; drastic Supports direct peace negotiations presence, and ensure security.
reduction of the public sector, with all the Arab states and with the Supports a constitution that
encouragement of private enterprise. Arabs of Israel, based on: ensuring legislates for the Jewish and Opposes territorial compromise on Jerusalem.
Promote and finance excellence in full and abiding security for the Zionist nature of the State Affirmation of Israeli sovereignty over the Temple
education. Reinforce the status of Hebrew individual and the state; of Israel. Mount.
language. uncompromising battle against
terror; no Palestinian state west of No specific religious Israel will not surrender to terror. Destroy Terror
Pledge of loyalty as condition for the Jordan; unified Jerusalem as the platform: aims to represent infrastructure by removing all terrorists, weapons
citizenship. Clean government, eternal capital of the people of Israel a broader constituency of and bomb factories from Judea, Samaria & Gaza.
elimination of financial and media and the State of Israel alone; the Israeli right-wing.
connection to political power. negotiated autonomy for Arabs of Will work to preserve the integrity of Eretz Yisrael
the Territories; no Arab "right of and its environment.
Only those who serve in the IDF should return" to Israel.
have the right to be elected to the
Knesset.
http://www.leumi.org.il/index.php
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPageCurrent_eng.asp?PG=202
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Union_(Israel)
http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/spages/1044823.html (Hebrew)
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/823/330.html (Hebrew)
http://elections.walla.co.il/?w=/14712/@entity (Hebrew)
7
8. Kadima קדימה
Current Knesset Seats -29
Candidate for Prime Minister - Tzipi Livni
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
Israel has lost its international competitive "Two nation states, based on existing Importance of core
edge and the widening social gap threatens demographic realities," living side by side.in Jewish and
the fabric of Israeli society. peace and security. democratic values,
improve relations
Objective is a sovereign, democratic,
A regulated, liberal market economy will Territorial compromise is required to ensure a with Jewish
secure, Jewish national state.
increase prosperity, Need for equality of sovereign, democratic Jewish national state, and communities in the
funding in education; encouraging will be based on bilateral processes/agreements. Diaspora.
Security Fence must be completed to
increased employment and retraining
ensure maximum security for Israeli
through adult education; a social safety Peace agreement establishing Palestinian Resolve the issue of
citizens, taking into account
network for the disabled and the aged; statehood to include the "cessation of all those who cannot
humanitarian needs of Palestinians.
reform of the health system; development Palestinian claims towards Israel, including marry in Israel.
of the Negev and Galilee; reduce number of refugees."; as well as renunciation of terror,
Dismantling of illegal settlements.
foreign workers. Investment in R&D dismantling of terrorist infrastructure; Palestinian
Retention of major settlement blocs.
technologies, support for small businesses. state will be demilitarized.
Further privatization; curbs on monopolies.
Need for "unremitting war" on terrorists,
Israel will:
terrorist infrastructure.
Reduction of government expenditure, o retain areas that are crucial for its
streamlining of government infrastructure security.
Position on Jerusalem: Jerusalem as the
and offices. Transparency of government o retain Jewish holy places that are of
capital of Israel and open to separation
central religious and national
of Arab villages; unclear on Old City.
Integration and complete equality of rights importance.
for Israel's minorities. o retain the large Jewish settlement blocs."
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPageCurrent_eng.asp?PG=185
http://www.kadima.org.il
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/819/936.html
8
9. Likud הליכוד
Current Knesset Seats (12), with Achi )2( אחי
Candidate for Prime Minister - Benjamin Netanyahu
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
A strong, competitive market economy Support peace negotiations, but will “We shall have to ease tensions
creates a strong society. negotiate only with sincere partners between the secular and
who reject terrorism, recognize Israel's religious, Arab and Jew, Unilateral territorial concessions offer a
Rapid economic growth based on right to exist, and engage in a process Diaspora Jews and Israelis. The reward for terror, and weakens moderate
private investment, with necessary based upon reciprocity. intensity of these tensions is Arab voices.
reforms due to the prevailing economic often exaggerated, but they do
crisis including tax reform to encourage Israel's borders will be based on the exist. They should be The pre-1967 borders are not secure and are
investment and employment; security value of decisive geographic ameliorated through dialogue only a staging point for the terrorist
reduction of budget deficit, especially features. Rejects a return to pre-1967 and compromise, not judicial movements.
bureaucracy and waste in the public borders, or any resolution of borders coercion, abrasive legislation
sector, reduction of welfare benefits to without an adequate strategic security and offensive rhetoric..." Israel should defend itself against terror and
those who can work; promotion of envelope, and a stable and reciprocal protect its citizens: Gaza is a mini-state of
return to work for unemployed; new peace agreement terror, under Hamas control. In Judea and
jobs for high unemployment areas. Samaria, this potential is greater and
"Peace agreements will include full represents a threat to Jerusalem, too.
Improve transport infrastructure to the diplomatic relations, borders open to
periphery; open skies policy on air free movement, economic cooperation, The Security Fence should be completed and
transport. Law and order: safety of and the establishment of joint projects illegal outposts removed, to reduce friction
citizens; zero tolerance for organized in the fields of science, technology, with the Palestinian population.
crime. tourism, and industry."
Opposes any territorial compromise on
De facto, has acknowledged that Israel Jerusalem.
is proceeding towards a two-state
resolution of the conflict.
http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections16/eng/lists/list_eng.asp?id=16
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPageCurrent_eng.asp?PG=13
http://www.likud.co.il/ [Hebrew]
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/820/802.html
9
10. Meretz /New Movement מרץ התנועה החדשה
Current Knesset Seats=5
Party Head: Haim Oron
Was Meretz-Yahad in the 17th Knesset
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
Social and financial legislation to create a stronger, Supports a 2-state solution, Advocates a liberal approach to Illegal settlements should be removed; small and
more cohesive democratic society and ensure based on the pre-1967 religious issues: supports isolated settlements are a security burden. End
equality of social rights and opportunity for all: borders, with necessary separation of religion from expropriation of Palestinian lands for settlements
providing universal health services, free education modifications in a formal state, civil rights and equality, construction. Settlements should be dismantled:
and adequate welfare benefits for those who agreement. civil marriage and divorce. offer incentives to families that choose to live
cannot work. Advocates the freedom to open inside Israel's pre-1967 borders.
Israel should strive to shops and run transport on
Provision for underrepresented sectors – integrate itself in the Shabbat, although Shabbat will Territorial compromise over Jerusalem as capital
handicapped, homosexuals, women, and non- Middle East and seek a continue to be the public day of city of Israel and Palestinian state.
Jewish minorities, elderly, children. regional settlement. rest.
Opposes the current route of the Security Fence,
Improvement of minimun wage and reform of Dialogue with the Argues that the Law of Return but supports the existence of a security barrier
labor conditions. Retraining for the unemployed. Palestinian Authority, in should apply to any person who along the pre-67 border, although not inside
Improved access to higher education and culture. order to strengthen declares in good faith that Jerusalem.
moderates against Hamas. he/she is Jewish and not just by
Tax reform similar to other developed countries, Avoid collective Halachic standards. Opposes the use of administrative detention for
and the institution of inheritance tax. punishment of the Palestinian suspects.
Fund new housing for tens of the thousands of Palestinian people in Opposed the Tal Law because of
homeless families; realistic mortgages for young response to terror. The exemptions for Yeshiva
couples, purchase of public housing. Palestinian Authority must students.
Reduction of length of military service, equality of prove though its actions
service commitments. that it is making every effort Strives for the annulment of any
to prevent terrorist acts law that conflicts with the Basic
Strong democratic platform on clean government, against Israel. Law on the Dignity of Man and
enforcement of the law. Personal Freedom.
Significant green platform on the environment.
http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections16/eng/lists/list_eng.asp?id=20
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPageCurrent_eng.asp?PG=194
http://www.meretz.org.il/ (Hebrew, English)
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/820/685.html (Hebrew)
10
11. Ra'am-Ta'al The United Arab List/ The Arab Movement For Renewal רע"מ-תע"ל רש' ערבית מאוחדת
Current Knesset Members =4
Party Head – Ahmad Tibi
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
Seeks equality of rights and opportunities for Arab Supports a 2-state solution Equality should be given to Dismantling of all settlements over the Green
citizens of Israel, including dedicated funding. for 2 peoples, based on all religions in Israel. Line.
Reflects Arab, Islamic and Beduin sectors. June 4, 1967 borders, with Separation of religion and
Arab Jerusalem as its capital state. Jerusalem to be divided between Israel and a
Seeks to close the economic and social gap existing [division of Jerusalem]. Palestinian State.
between the Arabs and Jews through affirmative Palestine will live side by Educate youth towards the
action type projects in fields such as: agriculture, side with the Israeli state. identity and history of the
industry, education, housing communication, and Arab Palestinian population
health. Promotes establishment of an Arab university Calls for a fair solution for in Israel,” paralleling the
in Israel. Palestinian refugees, based Jewish emphasis in the
on UN resolutions. state religious educational
Develop the infrastructure of the streets in Arab system.
regions and promote road safety; cancel the VAT Relinquishing weapons of Moslem holy sites should
imposed on properties; recognize the non- mass destruction by Israel revert to legal owners; all
recognized villages; resolve the internal refugee and other states. religious sites should enjoy
problem. financial support. Sharia
court system should be
Rejects military service for Israel's Arab minority. independent.
http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections16/eng/lists/list_eng.asp?id=14
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPageCurrent_eng.asp?PG=193
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/821/694.html (Hebrew)
11
12. Shas שס
Current Knesset Seats = 12
Party Head: Eliyahu Yishai
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
A social rights law covering: education, housing, health, Shas opposed the Oslo Israel is the state of the Jewish Views the development of all of Eretz Yisrael
welfare, work. Accords and the Road People. Public bodies should as equally important, including:
Map; opposed the reflect the Jewish nature of government authorized settlement
Minimum wage for unskilled labor and fair professional Disengagement Plan the country, within the development in Judea & Samaria;
wage demands for skilled labor and qualified workers; on the grounds that it preservation of the status quo development of the Negev & Galilee;
end of sub-contracted government/ public positions to was unilateral, not an [e.g.: no transport on Shabbat, development of Hi-Tech in the periphery;
manpower companies; inclusion of all wage components agreement, and thus no businesses on Shabbat]. improved transport infrastructure, housing
towards pension; positive discrimination for women. presented a danger to and education subsidies in the peripheral
Return and improvement of child allowances to previous the security of Israeli The state is responsible for regions of Israel.
levels, as the true form of "negative taxation" – Israel citizens. providing essential religious
almost halved its family allocations in recent years. services, protection of places Opposes any territorial division of Jerusalem
However R. Ovadiah of worship; it should also and any territorial compromise that poses a
Education: equal allocations for all schools, in all Yosef has in the past provide for research into security threat to Israel.
education systems, especially in the periphery; improved voiced support for Jewish heritage and support
teacher salaries; free education from kindergarten territorial compromise Torah institutions.
through high school; subsidized higher education; if it can prove to
education for women; partial subsidies for school prevent the loss of life. Accepts the Tal Law and
lunches. professionalization of the
Compulsory, adequate pension; investment in the ultra-orthodox community.
economy and infrastructure; tax incentives for low wage
earners; recognition of child care charges for tax
purposes; reduce number of foreign workers; health
system reform.
http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections16/eng/lists/list_eng.asp?id=28
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPageCurrent_eng.asp?PG=2
Shas (Party website in Hebrew)
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/820/570.html (Hebrew)
12
13. United Torah Judaism יהדות התורה
Current Knesset Seats=6
Party Head - Yaakov Litzman
Union of Agudat Yisrael and Degel HaTorah
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
No major declared economic platform; represents No declared platform. Non-Zionist party. No declared security platform – largely
its demographically growing ultra- pragmatic approach.
orthodoxconstituency throughout Israel. Believes that Israeli culture leads to
loss of Jewish identity. UTJ enjoys growing support by settlers but
Campaigns for welfare system and education attributes trend to its religious policies, rather
through financial support for its constituency and Seeks to strengthen its than to any pro-settlement policy.
institutions, incl. state-supported Chinuch Atzma'i - understanding of the Jewish nature
independent education system. of Israel.
Maintains that Jewish education for all the Rabbinical courts should have the
children of Israel should always be prime on same status as other courts of law.
government agenda. Actively opposes civil marriage and
recognition of non-Orthodox
conversions inside or out of Israel, as
well as non-Orthodox participants
on local religious councils.
Opposed the Tal Law on IDF service.
Women should not serve in the
army.
http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections16/eng/lists/list_eng.asp?id=26
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPageCurrent_eng.asp?PG=8
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/820/843.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Torah_Judaism
http://www.acs.ucalgary.ca/~elsegal/363_Transp/Orthodoxy/Aguddah.html
13
14. Yisrael Beitenu ישראל ביתנו
Current Knesset Seats = 11
Party Head - Avigdor Lieberman
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
Law and Order. Israel faces internal, local and regional
A Citizenship Law should be No Security Fence in history has prevented
threats, as well as a demographic legislated to ensure equal rights war or provided security over a long
No declared platform on other issues, but threat that can be addressed in and equal responsibilities. Every period.
promotes the integration of olim into different ways. citizen should declare
Israeli life, equal rights and equal allegiance to the Israel The Hamas election victory in the PA is
obligations for all. Israel must negotiate the final borders Declaration of Independence, proof of the serious threat of Palestinian
and work only towards a final status including olim who immigrate terror.
agreement which ensures an end to all under the Law of Return.
claims against Israel. The final status agreement should preserve
The State should endeavor to major Israeli settlement blocs close to the
Set definitive borders with Egypt, bring olim from the USSR/Russia pre-1967 borders; prefers an exchange of
Jordan and Lebanon. closer to Jewish values. territories rather than territorial
A final status agreement should concession. The terms should be accepted
preserve major Israeli settlement blocs Every citizen should be obliged by consensus in Israel and supported by
close to the pre-1967 borders. to fufill the obligation to major international players.
military or national service:
those who refuse should lose No territorial compromise over Jerusalem.
their citizenship and be granted
permanent residency.
http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections16/eng/lists/list_eng.asp?id=27
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPageCurrent_eng.asp?PG=101
Yisrael Beytenu (English) http://www.beytenu.org.il/
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/820/093.html (Hebrew)
14
15. Breakaway Parliamentary Groups inside the 17th Knesset
National Arab Party המפלגה הלאומית הערבית
Current Knesset Members=1
Muhamad Kanan
Arab Center Party/Hizb Al Wasat Al-Arabi (ex-UAL moderate Islamic)
Current Knesset Members=1
Abbas Z'koor
Not standing for election for the 18th Knesset
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
Focus on addressing equal rights and hardships of all sects Would join a leftist coalition Equal rights. Similar to Ra'am/UAL
of Israeli Arab citizens, through resolving issues of that supports peace.
education, infrastructure, industry, and poverty.
Distinguishes Israeli Arab population from the Palestinian
people.
http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3632929,00.html
http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1227702420982&pagename=Jpost%2FJPArticle%2FshowFull
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Centre_Party
The Right Way הדרך הטובה
Current Knesset Members= 1)
Elhanan Glazer
Breakaway from the faction that broke with Gil (which later rejoined Gil) in the 17th Knesset.
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
Pensioners' rights, social democracy.
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPageCurrent_eng.asp?PG=196
15
16. Other Political Parties (Not Represented in the 17th Knesset)
Green Leaf Party – Ale Yarok עלה ירוק
Party Head - Gil Kopatch
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
Would propose legislation to legalize 2 secure states for 2 Supports separation of No declared platform
cannabis for medical and recreative peoples. Peace can only be religion from state and the
purposes. achieved by painful recognition of all streams of
territorial concessions by Judaism.
Supports a more balanced tax system; both sides.
improved social support systems for victims Opposes state funding of
of crimes; subsidies to environmentally Green Leaf supports 2-state religious institutions that
friendly economic ventures. solution based on pre-67 do not meet educational
borders, with minor criteria; opposes the Tal
Supports animal rights, controlled adjustments. Law and exemption from
prostitution, equal rights for gays and military service.
lesbians, and strengthened rights for
foreign workers. Supports public transport
on Shabbat, civil marriage.
Substantial increased state aid for Holocaust
survivors.
http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections16/eng/lists/list_eng.asp?id=2
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1045434.html
http://ale-yarok.org.il/ (Hebrew)
16
17. The Green Movement/Meimad - Hatenu'ah Hayerukah/ Meimad הירוקה התנועה-מימד
Party Heads - Eran Ben-Yemini; Michael Melchior
MK Melchior sits in the 17th Knesset representing Meimad
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
Development of sustainable energy Peace as an economic and Democracy and equality of all Peace as an economic and environmental necessity.
resources, and affordable public transport. environmental necessity. citizens, personal freedom..
(Meimad) Accepts the Multiculturalism and (Similar to the Labor Party)
Green platform needs to be holistic with all principle of land for peace. tolerance. Dialogue within
other factors. Though Jews have right to Judaism.
Land of Israel, the good of (Meimad)
Equality of opportunity and education. the people of Israel takes
Democracy and equality of all citizens, precedence over the land Incorporate Orthodox
personal freedom. Multiculturalism and itself. religious practice in Israeli
tolerance. public life, without restrictive
Jerusalem is and should legislation.
remain united capital of
Israel. Supports democratic
practices in the Jewish state,
education to democratic
values in the school system.
http://yeruka.org.il/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=724&Itemid=249
http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1226404769699&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1045325.html
http://www.melchior.org.il/english/index.asp
http://www.yeruca.org.il/ http://www.yeruka.org.il/ (Hebrew, Arabic, Spanish)
http://yarok.walla.co.il/?w=//1388427 (Hebrew)
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/820/110.html (Hebrew)
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/820/204.html (Hebrew)
http://www.melchior.org.il/ (Hebrew)
17
18. Green Party הירוקים
Peer Weissner
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
End destruction of the environment: fight against Will work towards peace To preserve the Jewish character of the No declared platform.
health and environmentally damaging factors, between Israel and her State of Israel, while allowing for religious
such as cellular antenna transmissions, pollution of neighbors, and pluralism.
Israel’s air and water aquifers. cooperation, which will
also bring economic To preserve an obligatory day of rest to
Increased government support and development prosperity. prevent worker exploitation, which will be
for clean energy, transport, clean agriculture. Shabbat. Limited public transport should
run on Shabbat.
Foster growth of civil society, equality and
freedom for citizens. Supports institution of civil marriage in
Israel, recognition of single sex couples.
Legislate a constitution for Israel. Increased Foster growth of civil society, equality and
transparency of government. freedom for citizens.
National Service for all.
Foster development, education, personal dignity.
Reduce rate of population growth and
inducements for immigration.
http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections16/eng/lists/list_eng.asp?id=5
http://www.green-party.co.il/
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionPageCurrent_eng.asp?PG=198
18
19. Strong Israel -Yisrael Hazakah ישראל חזקה
Party Head - Efraim Sneh
Efraim Sneh is a former MK from the Labor Party. The party combines supporters from Labor (Avodah), with Shinui activists, but has no current
members of Knesset.
Socio-economic Issues Peace & Diplomacy Religion & State Security, Settlements
Center-Left party with a strong welfare Two states for two peoples. Equal status for all Two states for two peoples.
state and social democratic platform, but streams of Judaism.
aligned with economic growth. Promotion
of: human rights, education, law
enforcement, security; transparency and
integrity of government.
Significant green platform.
http://www.sneh.org.il/eng/articles/siteArticle.asp?aid=167&cid=58
http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/
ShowFull&cid=1222017466546
http://www.israelhazaka.org.il/14-he/StrongIsrael.aspx (Hebrew, English, Russian)
http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/ART1/820/874.html (Hebrew)
19
20. Israeli Political Parties - Web Resources
In English בעברית
At the Knesset Website: :באתר הכנסת
17th Knesset: Current Functioning Parliamentary Groups 18‐ בחירות לכנסת ה
http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/eng/FactionCurrent_eng.asp http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections18/heb/home.aspx
Current Members of Knesset by Parliamentary Group (1‐09) – סיעות המכהנות כיום
http://www.knesset.gov.il/mk/eng/mkindex_current_eng.asp?view=1 http://www.knesset.gov.il/faction/heb/FactionCurrent.asp
Factional and Government Make-Up of the Seventeenth Knesset 17‐רשימות המועמדים לכנסת ה
http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections17/heb/list/ListIndex.asp
Lists and Candidates
רשימת המעומדים לפי סדר הגשתם
http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections17/eng/list/ListIndex_eng.asp
http://www.knesset.gov.il/elections18/heb/list/ListsSubmitted.pdf
At the Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs: :אתרים ממשלתיים נוספים
Elections in Israel – February 2009 משרד המשפטים – רשם המפלגות – רשימת מפלגות
http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/History/Modern+History/Historic+Events/Elections_in_Israel_February_2009.htm http://www.justice.gov.il/MOJHeb/RashamMiflagot/reShimatMiflagot.htm
Leading Personalities from A-Z 2009 בחירות
http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Personalities/From+A-Z/ http://www.bhirot2009.co.il/home.yecms/index
Other Sources: :מקורות נוספים
Haaretz Special Report – Elections 2009 2009 המכון הישראלי לדמוקרטיה – בחירות
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/elections2009.jhtml?contrassID=1&subContrassID=32 http://www.idi.org.il/Pages/Home_Page.aspx
The Israel Democracy Institute - Elections 2009 ישראל בוחרתYNET
http://www.idi.org.il/sites/english/Pages/homepage.aspx http://www.ynet.co.il/home/0,7340,L-6974,00.html
Jpost Special Report - Elections 2009 2009 בחירותnrg מעריב
http://info.jpost.com/C006/Supplements/elections.2006/slips.html http://www.nrg.co.il/online/1/HP_333.html
Gila Ansell Brauner & Scott Copeland
Feb-09 / י' שבט תשס"ט
20