Parts of an Egg PowerPoint. This lesson was supposed to be taught to High school students, followed by a hands-on lab (dissecting an egg). This activity would also work well with middle school/junior high.
1. The document discusses the internal anatomy of eggs, including the shell, egg whites, yolk, membranes, and identifying features like the chalazae and germinal disc.
2. It also covers the nutritional composition and quality of eggs, noting they are a complete protein source high in quality amino acids, vitamins and minerals.
3. Factors that determine egg size are also examined, such as breed, hen age and weight, along with environmental stressors that can lead to smaller eggs.
cOOKERY 10 Physical Structure and Composition of Egg.pptxJudith694462
The document summarizes the anatomy of an egg by describing its various internal and external components. It discusses the shell, egg whites including the inner and outer thick whites, egg yolk including the germinal disc, membranes including the shell and vitelline membranes, and grades used for classifying eggs by interior and exterior quality. The key components are the shell, three layers of egg whites that surround and protect the yolk, and the yolk which contains genetic material and nutrients for embryonic development.
The document describes the physical structure and composition of eggs. It details the three main parts of an egg: the shell, egg white, and egg yolk. The egg white accounts for most of the egg's liquid weight at around 67% and consists of four alternating layers. The yolk makes up about 33% of the liquid weight and contains all of the egg's fat and around half of its protein.
composition of egg, physical composition of ann eggprincess661040
Eggs provide many nutrients and are versatile for cooking. They have protein, vitamins, minerals, and calories. The document details egg anatomy like the shell, air cell, albumen, yolk, and membranes, nutritional values, production statistics globally and in the US, and egg storage guidelines.
The document summarizes the main parts of an egg. It describes the yolk, which contains nutrients for embryo development, and the egg white which surrounds and protects the yolk. It then explains that the eggshell is deposited in the hen's oviduct, and is made of calcium carbonate. The air cell is an empty space between the inner and outer shell membranes that allows gas exchange.
The document discusses the nutritional value and components of eggs. It provides details on the protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fat, and cholesterol content of eggs. It also lists specific vitamins and minerals found in eggs like vitamin A, vitamin D, phosphorus, zinc, and selenium. Additionally, the document discusses the various parts of an egg including the shell, inner and outer membranes, air cell, albumen, chalazae, vitelline membrane, and yolk. It notes that eggs are an excellent source of high-quality protein and essential amino acids.
- Eggs are laid by many species but chicken eggs are most commonly consumed. They are an inexpensive source of protein.
- An egg consists of a shell, egg white, and egg yolk. The shell is made of calcium carbonate and has pores. The egg white contains many proteins while the yolk contains fat, vitamins, and minerals.
- Egg white powder is made by separating the egg white, filtering it, adjusting the pH, concentrating it using reverse osmosis, fermenting to break down glucose and fat, spray drying to produce a powder, and dry heating for storage. This process allows the egg white to be stored longer and transported more easily.
1. The document discusses the internal anatomy of eggs, including the shell, egg whites, yolk, membranes, and identifying features like the chalazae and germinal disc.
2. It also covers the nutritional composition and quality of eggs, noting they are a complete protein source high in quality amino acids, vitamins and minerals.
3. Factors that determine egg size are also examined, such as breed, hen age and weight, along with environmental stressors that can lead to smaller eggs.
cOOKERY 10 Physical Structure and Composition of Egg.pptxJudith694462
The document summarizes the anatomy of an egg by describing its various internal and external components. It discusses the shell, egg whites including the inner and outer thick whites, egg yolk including the germinal disc, membranes including the shell and vitelline membranes, and grades used for classifying eggs by interior and exterior quality. The key components are the shell, three layers of egg whites that surround and protect the yolk, and the yolk which contains genetic material and nutrients for embryonic development.
The document describes the physical structure and composition of eggs. It details the three main parts of an egg: the shell, egg white, and egg yolk. The egg white accounts for most of the egg's liquid weight at around 67% and consists of four alternating layers. The yolk makes up about 33% of the liquid weight and contains all of the egg's fat and around half of its protein.
composition of egg, physical composition of ann eggprincess661040
Eggs provide many nutrients and are versatile for cooking. They have protein, vitamins, minerals, and calories. The document details egg anatomy like the shell, air cell, albumen, yolk, and membranes, nutritional values, production statistics globally and in the US, and egg storage guidelines.
The document summarizes the main parts of an egg. It describes the yolk, which contains nutrients for embryo development, and the egg white which surrounds and protects the yolk. It then explains that the eggshell is deposited in the hen's oviduct, and is made of calcium carbonate. The air cell is an empty space between the inner and outer shell membranes that allows gas exchange.
The document discusses the nutritional value and components of eggs. It provides details on the protein, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fat, and cholesterol content of eggs. It also lists specific vitamins and minerals found in eggs like vitamin A, vitamin D, phosphorus, zinc, and selenium. Additionally, the document discusses the various parts of an egg including the shell, inner and outer membranes, air cell, albumen, chalazae, vitelline membrane, and yolk. It notes that eggs are an excellent source of high-quality protein and essential amino acids.
- Eggs are laid by many species but chicken eggs are most commonly consumed. They are an inexpensive source of protein.
- An egg consists of a shell, egg white, and egg yolk. The shell is made of calcium carbonate and has pores. The egg white contains many proteins while the yolk contains fat, vitamins, and minerals.
- Egg white powder is made by separating the egg white, filtering it, adjusting the pH, concentrating it using reverse osmosis, fermenting to break down glucose and fat, spray drying to produce a powder, and dry heating for storage. This process allows the egg white to be stored longer and transported more easily.
The document discusses the different parts of an egg including the shell, germinal disk, chalazae, albumen, and air cell. It describes the functions of each part and how they contribute to an egg's freshness. The document also covers egg sizes, grades, dating, coloring, handling, nutrition, storage, specialty eggs, cooking eggs, and a Pablo Picasso quote about eggs.
The document describes the detailed physical structure and composition of eggs. It notes that eggs have 3 main parts - the shell, egg white, and yolk. However, upon closer examination, eggs contain several additional internal structures. These include an air cell, alternating layers of thick and thin egg white, chalaza strands that anchor the yolk, a germinal disc, two membrane layers, and a yolk surrounded by a vitelline membrane. Each of these structures serves an important role and contributes to the egg's nutritional composition and quality.
An egg is a food produced by a bird with a hard shell. It is classified as a
“super food” because it contains many nutrients. A single egg contains various
nutrients that our body needed.
As a cooking ingredient, an egg has many purposes, whether it is cooking
or baking. In baking, eggs give structure to our favorite baked products. An egg can
be used as an emulsifier, leavening agent, and as thickening agent. When combined
with other ingredients like vegetables and meat, anyone can produce delicious and
flavorful egg dishes.
PHYSICAL STRUCTURES AND
COMPOSITION OF EGG
Shell
-It accounts the 9 to 12 % of egg
depending on its size.
-It is the egg’s outer covering that
serves as the first line of defense
against bacterial contamination.
Air Cell
-This part is the space between the egg
white and the shell.
-It happens when the egg cools from
the first laid, the contents contract, and the inner shell membrane separates from
the outer shell membrane to form the air cell.
Albumen /Egg White
-It accounts for 67% liquid weight of an egg. The albumen produced by the oviduct
and consisted of four alternating layers and thin consistencies; they are designated
as the inner thick white, inner thin white, outer thick white, and the outer thin white.
Chalaza
-It looks like ropey strands at both sides of the egg. Chalaza sometimes was mistaken
as, egg imperfections which, of course not. The more prominent the chalazae, the
fresher the egg is.
Germinal Disc
-This is the entrance of the latebra, the channel leading to the center of the yolk.
-The germinal disc is barely noticeable as a slight depression on the surface of the
yolk.
Membranes
-There are two kinds of membranes:
1. Inner shell membrane-sticks to the albumen
2. Outer shell membranes- stick to the shell
Yolk
-The yolk is the yellow portion of the egg makes up about 33% of the liquid weight of
the egg. It is covered by the vitelline membrane that separates it from the egg white
and protects it from breakage. The color is determined primarily by the diet of the
hen.
The document describes the detailed physical structure and composition of eggs. It notes that eggs have 3 main parts - the shell, egg white, and yolk. However, upon closer examination, eggs contain several additional internal structures. These include an air cell, alternating layers of thick and thin egg white, chalaza strands that anchor the yolk, a germinal disc, two membrane layers, and a yolk surrounded by a vitelline membrane. Each of these structures serves an important role and contributes to the egg's nutritional composition and quality.
Eggs provide a unique source of balanced nutrition. They are inexpensive, easy to prepare, and contain high-quality protein, vitamins, minerals, and fats. The formation of an egg involves the yolk being deposited in the oviduct and slowly passing down, gaining layers of albumen, membranes, and finally the shell over approximately 25 hours. The color of the shell, albumen, and yolk depend on the hen's diet and breed but do not impact the egg's nutritional value or cooking properties.
This document provides an overview of avian reproductive systems and egg formation in chickens. It describes the female reproductive system including the ovary and oviduct. The male reproductive system is also summarized. The process of egg formation is then outlined, beginning with ovulation and continuing through albumen, shell, and membrane formation in the oviduct over 25-26 hours. Key structures of the finished egg like the yolk, chalazae, and shell are defined. Differences between fertile and infertile eggs are highlighted. Finally, the concept of egg clutches is introduced.
This document provides information on avian reproductive systems and egg formation in chickens. It describes the female reproductive system including the ovary and oviduct. The ovary contains developing follicles that release yolks, and the oviduct adds various layers to form the egg over 25-26 hours. The male reproductive system is also outlined. Fertilization occurs when sperm penetrate the yolk's blastodisc in the oviduct. Eggs are laid in clutches over successive days as ovulation is triggered each morning. The four main structures of an egg from outside to inside are the shell, shell membranes, albumen and yolk.
egg of animals22.pptx here we discussed about animals eggrimaswaga
Eggs come in a variety of types depending on the amount and distribution of yolk. Alecithal eggs have almost no yolk while macrolecithal eggs, like those of fish, reptiles and birds, contain a large amount of yolk concentrated at one pole. The eggs of different animal groups also vary in their characteristics, such as fish and amphibian eggs being jelly-like, bird eggs having hard shells, and reptile eggs being able to survive in air.
The document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system in birds. It discusses how birds reproduce through eggs, which develop and are laid after passing through two main parts - the ovary and oviduct. The left ovary and oviduct are functional in most bird species. Eggs develop from the ovary where follicles containing yolks mature, before being released and passing through the various sections of the long and coiled oviduct over 24-26 hours to complete formation.
The document discusses the anatomy and quality of eggs, describing the different parts of an egg including the shell, yolk, albumen, air cell and membrane. It provides information on identifying fresh versus stale eggs based on characteristics like shell appearance, size of the air cell, and whether the egg sinks or floats in water. The document also outlines the nutritional value of eggs and different grades used to classify egg quality.
The ovules after fertilization develops into seeds.
Consist of an embryo, with or without endosperm and a seed coat.
Found inside a fruit.
Plants like Pteridophytes and Bryophytes do not produce seeds.
Gymnosperms do not have ovaries and produce naked seeds.
Angiosperms produce seeds having protective seed coat, food reserves(endosperm) and embryo.
This document summarizes information about egg spoilage, including:
- The composition of eggs and how they can become contaminated.
- The main types of bacterial and fungal spoilage such as green, colorless, black, and pink rots caused by bacteria like Pseudomonas and Proteus, and pin spot and fungal molding caused by fungi.
- Methods for storing and preserving eggs like refrigeration, pasteurization, oiling, salting, and pickling to prevent or slow spoilage.
This document summarizes information about egg spoilage, including:
- The composition of eggs and how they can become contaminated.
- The main types of bacterial and fungal spoilage such as green, colorless, black, and pink rots caused by bacteria like Pseudomonas and Proteus, and pin spot and fungal molding caused by fungi.
- Methods for storing and preserving eggs including refrigeration, pasteurization, oiling, salting, and pickling. Proper storage and handling of eggs is important to prevent bacterial growth and food poisoning.
Eggs are a highly nutritious food composed of shell, egg white, and yolk. The main components are water, protein, and fat. Eggs are commonly graded A, B, C, or D based on interior and exterior quality. They come in various sizes from jumbo to peewee. Eggs can be cooked in many ways like hard boiled, soft boiled, poached, scrambled, baked, or fried. They are used as binders, leaveners, emulsifiers, and clarifying agents in cooking. Eggs should be refrigerated and used within 3 to 5 weeks of purchase.
This document discusses characteristics used to identify superior egg-laying hens and factors that influence egg production. Key measurements like the distance between the pelvic bones and keel indicate egg-laying ability. Superior layers will have a wider spread. Other signs include a soft abdomen and molting at a later date. Proper management through nutrition, health, housing and minimizing stress are important to maximize production. Genetics also influence a hen's natural egg-laying potential.
This document describes different types of eggs based on their yolk content and distribution. It identifies four main categories of eggs: alecithal eggs which lack yolk; microlecithal, mesolecithal, and macrolecithal eggs which contain small, moderate, and large amounts of yolk respectively. It also describes four patterns of yolk distribution: homolecithal where yolk is uniform; telolecithal where yolk is concentrated on one side; centrolecithal where yolk is localized between two cytoplasm layers; and extremely telolecithal where nearly all the egg is yolk except a small disc of cytoplasm. Examples are provided for each category.
There are several types of eggs consumed by humans, with chicken eggs being the most common in the UK. Other types include quail, duck, goose, and emu eggs. Quail eggs are very small with a spotted appearance while duck eggs are high in fat, protein, and remain fresh for an extended period. Chicken eggs come in various colors and sizes depending on the breed and can range from small to extra large. One medium boiled chicken egg provides 84 calories, 8.3g of protein, and 5.7g of fat.
This document describes the structure and types of eggs. It discusses the structure of eggs including the plasma membrane, vitelline envelope, ooplasm, ectoplasm, endoplasm, nucleus and organelles. It then classifies eggs into four types based on amount of yolk, yolk distribution, development potency, and presence or absence of a shell. The main egg types include microlecithal, mesolecithal, macrolecithal eggs and mosaic vs. regulative development.
The document describes the detailed physical structure and composition of eggs. It identifies 7 main parts: 1) the shell, 2) the air cell, 3) the albumen or egg white which makes up most of the liquid content, 4) the chalaza which are ropey strands that anchor the yolk, 5) the germinal disc which is the entrance for sperm, 6) two membrane layers, and 7) the yolk which makes up about 33% of the liquid weight and contains fat and proteins like vitelline and phosvitin. The structure has developed mechanisms to keep the yolk and germinal disc in place as the egg turns.
The document describes the detailed physical structure and composition of eggs. It identifies 7 main parts: 1) the shell, 2) the air cell, 3) the albumen or egg white which makes up most of the liquid content, 4) the chalaza which are ropey strands anchoring the yolk, 5) the germinal disc which is the entrance for sperm, 6) two membrane layers, and 7) the yolk which provides nutrients for embryonic development. The document provides information on the composition and function of each part.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The document discusses the different parts of an egg including the shell, germinal disk, chalazae, albumen, and air cell. It describes the functions of each part and how they contribute to an egg's freshness. The document also covers egg sizes, grades, dating, coloring, handling, nutrition, storage, specialty eggs, cooking eggs, and a Pablo Picasso quote about eggs.
The document describes the detailed physical structure and composition of eggs. It notes that eggs have 3 main parts - the shell, egg white, and yolk. However, upon closer examination, eggs contain several additional internal structures. These include an air cell, alternating layers of thick and thin egg white, chalaza strands that anchor the yolk, a germinal disc, two membrane layers, and a yolk surrounded by a vitelline membrane. Each of these structures serves an important role and contributes to the egg's nutritional composition and quality.
An egg is a food produced by a bird with a hard shell. It is classified as a
“super food” because it contains many nutrients. A single egg contains various
nutrients that our body needed.
As a cooking ingredient, an egg has many purposes, whether it is cooking
or baking. In baking, eggs give structure to our favorite baked products. An egg can
be used as an emulsifier, leavening agent, and as thickening agent. When combined
with other ingredients like vegetables and meat, anyone can produce delicious and
flavorful egg dishes.
PHYSICAL STRUCTURES AND
COMPOSITION OF EGG
Shell
-It accounts the 9 to 12 % of egg
depending on its size.
-It is the egg’s outer covering that
serves as the first line of defense
against bacterial contamination.
Air Cell
-This part is the space between the egg
white and the shell.
-It happens when the egg cools from
the first laid, the contents contract, and the inner shell membrane separates from
the outer shell membrane to form the air cell.
Albumen /Egg White
-It accounts for 67% liquid weight of an egg. The albumen produced by the oviduct
and consisted of four alternating layers and thin consistencies; they are designated
as the inner thick white, inner thin white, outer thick white, and the outer thin white.
Chalaza
-It looks like ropey strands at both sides of the egg. Chalaza sometimes was mistaken
as, egg imperfections which, of course not. The more prominent the chalazae, the
fresher the egg is.
Germinal Disc
-This is the entrance of the latebra, the channel leading to the center of the yolk.
-The germinal disc is barely noticeable as a slight depression on the surface of the
yolk.
Membranes
-There are two kinds of membranes:
1. Inner shell membrane-sticks to the albumen
2. Outer shell membranes- stick to the shell
Yolk
-The yolk is the yellow portion of the egg makes up about 33% of the liquid weight of
the egg. It is covered by the vitelline membrane that separates it from the egg white
and protects it from breakage. The color is determined primarily by the diet of the
hen.
The document describes the detailed physical structure and composition of eggs. It notes that eggs have 3 main parts - the shell, egg white, and yolk. However, upon closer examination, eggs contain several additional internal structures. These include an air cell, alternating layers of thick and thin egg white, chalaza strands that anchor the yolk, a germinal disc, two membrane layers, and a yolk surrounded by a vitelline membrane. Each of these structures serves an important role and contributes to the egg's nutritional composition and quality.
Eggs provide a unique source of balanced nutrition. They are inexpensive, easy to prepare, and contain high-quality protein, vitamins, minerals, and fats. The formation of an egg involves the yolk being deposited in the oviduct and slowly passing down, gaining layers of albumen, membranes, and finally the shell over approximately 25 hours. The color of the shell, albumen, and yolk depend on the hen's diet and breed but do not impact the egg's nutritional value or cooking properties.
This document provides an overview of avian reproductive systems and egg formation in chickens. It describes the female reproductive system including the ovary and oviduct. The male reproductive system is also summarized. The process of egg formation is then outlined, beginning with ovulation and continuing through albumen, shell, and membrane formation in the oviduct over 25-26 hours. Key structures of the finished egg like the yolk, chalazae, and shell are defined. Differences between fertile and infertile eggs are highlighted. Finally, the concept of egg clutches is introduced.
This document provides information on avian reproductive systems and egg formation in chickens. It describes the female reproductive system including the ovary and oviduct. The ovary contains developing follicles that release yolks, and the oviduct adds various layers to form the egg over 25-26 hours. The male reproductive system is also outlined. Fertilization occurs when sperm penetrate the yolk's blastodisc in the oviduct. Eggs are laid in clutches over successive days as ovulation is triggered each morning. The four main structures of an egg from outside to inside are the shell, shell membranes, albumen and yolk.
egg of animals22.pptx here we discussed about animals eggrimaswaga
Eggs come in a variety of types depending on the amount and distribution of yolk. Alecithal eggs have almost no yolk while macrolecithal eggs, like those of fish, reptiles and birds, contain a large amount of yolk concentrated at one pole. The eggs of different animal groups also vary in their characteristics, such as fish and amphibian eggs being jelly-like, bird eggs having hard shells, and reptile eggs being able to survive in air.
The document summarizes key aspects of the female reproductive system in birds. It discusses how birds reproduce through eggs, which develop and are laid after passing through two main parts - the ovary and oviduct. The left ovary and oviduct are functional in most bird species. Eggs develop from the ovary where follicles containing yolks mature, before being released and passing through the various sections of the long and coiled oviduct over 24-26 hours to complete formation.
The document discusses the anatomy and quality of eggs, describing the different parts of an egg including the shell, yolk, albumen, air cell and membrane. It provides information on identifying fresh versus stale eggs based on characteristics like shell appearance, size of the air cell, and whether the egg sinks or floats in water. The document also outlines the nutritional value of eggs and different grades used to classify egg quality.
The ovules after fertilization develops into seeds.
Consist of an embryo, with or without endosperm and a seed coat.
Found inside a fruit.
Plants like Pteridophytes and Bryophytes do not produce seeds.
Gymnosperms do not have ovaries and produce naked seeds.
Angiosperms produce seeds having protective seed coat, food reserves(endosperm) and embryo.
This document summarizes information about egg spoilage, including:
- The composition of eggs and how they can become contaminated.
- The main types of bacterial and fungal spoilage such as green, colorless, black, and pink rots caused by bacteria like Pseudomonas and Proteus, and pin spot and fungal molding caused by fungi.
- Methods for storing and preserving eggs like refrigeration, pasteurization, oiling, salting, and pickling to prevent or slow spoilage.
This document summarizes information about egg spoilage, including:
- The composition of eggs and how they can become contaminated.
- The main types of bacterial and fungal spoilage such as green, colorless, black, and pink rots caused by bacteria like Pseudomonas and Proteus, and pin spot and fungal molding caused by fungi.
- Methods for storing and preserving eggs including refrigeration, pasteurization, oiling, salting, and pickling. Proper storage and handling of eggs is important to prevent bacterial growth and food poisoning.
Eggs are a highly nutritious food composed of shell, egg white, and yolk. The main components are water, protein, and fat. Eggs are commonly graded A, B, C, or D based on interior and exterior quality. They come in various sizes from jumbo to peewee. Eggs can be cooked in many ways like hard boiled, soft boiled, poached, scrambled, baked, or fried. They are used as binders, leaveners, emulsifiers, and clarifying agents in cooking. Eggs should be refrigerated and used within 3 to 5 weeks of purchase.
This document discusses characteristics used to identify superior egg-laying hens and factors that influence egg production. Key measurements like the distance between the pelvic bones and keel indicate egg-laying ability. Superior layers will have a wider spread. Other signs include a soft abdomen and molting at a later date. Proper management through nutrition, health, housing and minimizing stress are important to maximize production. Genetics also influence a hen's natural egg-laying potential.
This document describes different types of eggs based on their yolk content and distribution. It identifies four main categories of eggs: alecithal eggs which lack yolk; microlecithal, mesolecithal, and macrolecithal eggs which contain small, moderate, and large amounts of yolk respectively. It also describes four patterns of yolk distribution: homolecithal where yolk is uniform; telolecithal where yolk is concentrated on one side; centrolecithal where yolk is localized between two cytoplasm layers; and extremely telolecithal where nearly all the egg is yolk except a small disc of cytoplasm. Examples are provided for each category.
There are several types of eggs consumed by humans, with chicken eggs being the most common in the UK. Other types include quail, duck, goose, and emu eggs. Quail eggs are very small with a spotted appearance while duck eggs are high in fat, protein, and remain fresh for an extended period. Chicken eggs come in various colors and sizes depending on the breed and can range from small to extra large. One medium boiled chicken egg provides 84 calories, 8.3g of protein, and 5.7g of fat.
This document describes the structure and types of eggs. It discusses the structure of eggs including the plasma membrane, vitelline envelope, ooplasm, ectoplasm, endoplasm, nucleus and organelles. It then classifies eggs into four types based on amount of yolk, yolk distribution, development potency, and presence or absence of a shell. The main egg types include microlecithal, mesolecithal, macrolecithal eggs and mosaic vs. regulative development.
The document describes the detailed physical structure and composition of eggs. It identifies 7 main parts: 1) the shell, 2) the air cell, 3) the albumen or egg white which makes up most of the liquid content, 4) the chalaza which are ropey strands that anchor the yolk, 5) the germinal disc which is the entrance for sperm, 6) two membrane layers, and 7) the yolk which makes up about 33% of the liquid weight and contains fat and proteins like vitelline and phosvitin. The structure has developed mechanisms to keep the yolk and germinal disc in place as the egg turns.
The document describes the detailed physical structure and composition of eggs. It identifies 7 main parts: 1) the shell, 2) the air cell, 3) the albumen or egg white which makes up most of the liquid content, 4) the chalaza which are ropey strands anchoring the yolk, 5) the germinal disc which is the entrance for sperm, 6) two membrane layers, and 7) the yolk which provides nutrients for embryonic development. The document provides information on the composition and function of each part.
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
2. Yolk
• The yellow part in the center of
the egg.
• The yolk is separated from the
white by the vitelline membrane.
• The yolk provides “food” that is
essential for the developing chick
embryo.
3. Yolk Color
• The actual color of the egg yolk
varies based on what the hen who
laid the egg is fed.
• Hens fed a diet high in corn or
alfalfa tend to have a more dark
yellow to orange-colored yolk
because those feeds are high in a
fat-soluble pigment called
xanthophyll.
• Hens who are fed a diet of mostly
wheat, which is low in xanthophyll,
would have a very light yellow or
even slightly grayish yolk.
4. Germ
• The small white circle on the
yolk.
• In a fertile egg, this is where
the embryo starts to develop.
• In non-fertile eggs, this spot
stays small and white.
7. Shell Membranes
• Membranes that are located just inside the
shell
• Act as a barrier between the shell and the
albumen
8. Air Cell
• The small open space at the large end of an
egg
• Formed by the separation of the two shell
membranes
• Provides the chick with an air supply during
the final stage of development just before
hatching
• Older non-fertile eggs will have a larger air cell
due to moisture loss.