This document discusses the importance of partnerships and intersectoral action for health. It provides definitions of key terms like policy, multisectoral action, and partnerships. It outlines several international declarations that promote partnerships between health and other sectors. The social determinants of health model shows that factors outside healthcare impact health status. Effective intersectoral action requires establishing priorities, structures, engagement, implementation, and evaluation across multiple sectors. Partnerships can create synergy toward improving health that individual sectors alone cannot achieve.
“Follow the money” in order to better understand the framework for global health governance: this presentation by Dr. Tim Mackey employs IHME-coordinated research while teaching the evolution of global health financing.
The document provides an overview of a course on health service systems and health systems. It discusses several topics that will be covered in the course, including major issues in organizing health services, assessing population health status, analyzing healthcare access and costs. The course will also examine sociopolitical, economic, and ethical issues facing public health systems. Students will learn about different components of health systems through mini-lectures, discussions, and by analyzing case studies.
Recent Advances in Evidence Based Public Health PracticePrabesh Ghimire
This product is the result of compilation from various sources. I acknowledge all direct and indirect sources although they have not been mentioned explicitly in the document.
The Basics of Monitoring, Evaluation and Supervision of Health Services in NepalDeepak Karki
This presentation has made to health workers who have more than two decades of experience of managing/implementing public health programs in Nepal, especially at district level and below.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in health financing for universal health coverage. It discusses UHC goals and objectives, important contextual factors that influence health policy, methods for analyzing health expenditures, reviewing financing arrangements, and assessing progress toward UHC. The document outlines a framework for conducting an integrated assessment of a country's health system to identify challenges and priorities for reform in order to make progress on achieving universal access to needed health services of sufficient quality.
Public health originated in the 19th century to address poor sanitary conditions and disease outbreaks. Simple public health measures like clean water and vaccination have saved more lives than medical advances. Community medicine focuses on preventing disease in populations through organized community efforts. It aims to promote health and adjust individuals and society. Public health is defined as organized efforts to prevent disease, prolong life, and promote health through surveillance, policies, education, and ensuring resources are allocated to public health. It uses technology and social sciences to identify, prevent and monitor health issues in populations.
“Follow the money” in order to better understand the framework for global health governance: this presentation by Dr. Tim Mackey employs IHME-coordinated research while teaching the evolution of global health financing.
The document provides an overview of a course on health service systems and health systems. It discusses several topics that will be covered in the course, including major issues in organizing health services, assessing population health status, analyzing healthcare access and costs. The course will also examine sociopolitical, economic, and ethical issues facing public health systems. Students will learn about different components of health systems through mini-lectures, discussions, and by analyzing case studies.
Recent Advances in Evidence Based Public Health PracticePrabesh Ghimire
This product is the result of compilation from various sources. I acknowledge all direct and indirect sources although they have not been mentioned explicitly in the document.
The Basics of Monitoring, Evaluation and Supervision of Health Services in NepalDeepak Karki
This presentation has made to health workers who have more than two decades of experience of managing/implementing public health programs in Nepal, especially at district level and below.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in health financing for universal health coverage. It discusses UHC goals and objectives, important contextual factors that influence health policy, methods for analyzing health expenditures, reviewing financing arrangements, and assessing progress toward UHC. The document outlines a framework for conducting an integrated assessment of a country's health system to identify challenges and priorities for reform in order to make progress on achieving universal access to needed health services of sufficient quality.
Public health originated in the 19th century to address poor sanitary conditions and disease outbreaks. Simple public health measures like clean water and vaccination have saved more lives than medical advances. Community medicine focuses on preventing disease in populations through organized community efforts. It aims to promote health and adjust individuals and society. Public health is defined as organized efforts to prevent disease, prolong life, and promote health through surveillance, policies, education, and ensuring resources are allocated to public health. It uses technology and social sciences to identify, prevent and monitor health issues in populations.
An overview on priorities in health research was a part of a course for research methodology delivered in King Saud University College of Medicine August 2015
Social epidemiology in public health researchPoope รักในหลวง
This document discusses social epidemiology in public health research and the social determinants of health. It presents the Commission on Social Determinants of Health conceptual framework which shows how socioeconomic and political context, socioeconomic position, and structural determinants impact health inequities through intermediary determinants. The document also discusses how public health research integrates health and social epidemiology concepts to analyze risk factors related to public health problems. Finally, it presents the SOCIPID model for social epidemiology research and provides an example of how it was applied to research on coronary heart disease in women.
The document discusses global health policies and initiatives. It outlines health policy aims like maintaining and improving population health status. It discusses key global health strategies like Health for All by 2000, the Millennium Development Goals, and Sustainable Development Goals. It provides details on initiatives like the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, GAIN (Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition), and progress made in combating diseases like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.
Evolution of public health- Dr Subraham PanySubraham Pany
This document provides a summary of the history and evolution of public health and medicine across various civilizations and eras. It discusses early concepts of health and disease from ancient cultures like India, China, Egypt, Greece, and Mesopotamia. It then covers developments in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance period, including the emergence of germ theory and advances during the Industrial Revolution that led to the fields of public health and preventive medicine. The document also introduces several important historical figures who contributed to the understanding and practice of medicine.
Prabesh Ghimire presented on the International Health Partnership (IHP). The IHP was launched in 2007 to help coordinate global health initiatives and improve health systems in developing countries. It aims to support country-led health plans, jointly assess strategies, negotiate funding agreements, and increase accountability. The IHP has grown to include 66 partner organizations and 37 countries. Country compacts outline commitments between governments and donors to align funding with national health priorities. Studies show countries engaged with IHP have seen positive results, including increased health funding and coverage. Nepal was an early adopter of IHP principles through its own health partnership compact.
Job responsibilities of health education officersKailash Nagar
The document outlines the job responsibilities of a Health Education Officer. A Health Education Officer is responsible for assessing community health needs, planning and implementing health education strategies, conducting evaluations, administering programs, serving as a health resource, and communicating and advocating for health. Specific responsibilities include collecting data, organizing training programs, developing educational materials, supervising field workers, and promoting IEC/BCC activities related to health promotion, disease prevention, and behavior change. The overall goal is to educate communities and empower them to make informed health decisions.
This document discusses public health policy frameworks and implementation. It defines key concepts like health, public health, and health policy. It describes the Ottawa Declaration's five action areas for health promotion. It discusses what policy is, attributes of policy, and views policy as the rationalization of values. It examines the role of government in health care and different types of health care systems. It outlines dimensions of policy making like issue filtration, hidden politics, and key considerations around political pragmatism, ideology, finances, and morals. It also discusses models of power in policy making like consensus, pluralist, and elitist models.
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Day 12.12.14, NepalDeepak Karki
This presentation is made on the first ever Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Day 12.12.14 celebration in Nepal by Nepal Health Economics Association (NHEA).
The Health System as a Determinant of HealthRenzo Guinto
Lecture given during the pre-APRM workshop on Social Determinants of Health and Global Health Equity, September 12, 2012, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Integrity and Corruption in the Health Sector by Dr Musa AjlouniMusa Ajlouni
This document discusses integrity, corruption, and their manifestations in the health sector. It defines integrity and corruption, then outlines how corruption occurs among various actors in the health system, including regulators, payers, health care providers, patients, and suppliers. It describes both monetary and non-monetary forms of corruption. The document also discusses underlying causes of corruption in health and potential remedies, emphasizing the need for transparency, accountability, and a culture of integrity.
The National Health Education, Information and Communication Center (NHEICC) was established in 1993 as the top health program in Nepal. It aims to raise health awareness, promote health, and change behaviors through integrated education and communication. NHEICC has five sections and is responsible for organizing advocacy, developing health policies and strategies, and disseminating health messages through various media channels. It conducts a variety of activities at the national, regional, district, and community levels, including producing educational materials, implementing media campaigns, and providing training to health workers.
The document discusses two approaches to causality in social sciences: the potential outcome/counterfactual framework championed by Donald Rubin, and the structural modeling framework of Wright, Haavelmo, and Pearl. It outlines Rubin's potential outcome model, including his definition of causal effect using counterfactuals. It also discusses criticisms of Rubin's approach, such as issues with individual heterogeneity and assignment. The document then discusses Lewis' conceptualization of counterfactuals and how they differ from Rubin's use of counterfactuals. It concludes by discussing structural modeling and outlines the topics that will be covered.
The Thailand HiT reports that sustained political commitment to the health of the population since the 1970s has resulted in significant investment in health infrastructure, in particular primary health care, district and provincial referral hospitals, and strengthened the overall functioning of the Thai health system. After Thailand achieved universal health coverage in 2002, public expenditure on health significantly increased from 63% to 77% and out-of-pocket expense was reduced from 27.2% to 12.4% of the total health spending in 2011.
Social Determinants of Health InequitiesRenzo Guinto
Lecture given during the pre-APRM workshop on Social Determinants of Health and Global Health Equity, September 11, 2012, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Interpersonal Health Communication Interpersonal Media for Individual Health ...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
The document discusses interpersonal health communication and media for individual health education. It provides an introduction to interpersonal communication and its importance in health education. It describes different interpersonal communication and media materials used for health education. It also discusses barriers to effective interpersonal communication and skills required for developing and using interpersonal health communication media. Finally, it provides an example prototype interpersonal communication media plan on tobacco cessation.
This document provides an overview of economic evaluation in healthcare. It defines economic evaluation as the comparative analysis of costs and consequences of alternative healthcare interventions. The main types of economic evaluation are described as cost-minimization analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, and cost-benefit analysis. Examples of economic evaluations in dentistry are also provided. The document discusses the history of economic evaluation and its importance in informing healthcare resource allocation decisions.
This document provides an overview of policy analysis. It defines policy analysis as a rational, systematic approach to making policy choices in the public sector by generating information on the potential consequences of various policy options. The document then outlines several theoretical approaches to policy analysis, including political systems theory, group theory, elite theory, institutionalism, and rational choice theory. It also describes the typical steps involved in policy analysis, such as identifying the problem, objectives, criteria for evaluation, alternative policies, analysing each policy's potential consequences, and comparing the alternatives.
Introduction to ethical issues in public health, Public Health Institute (PHI...Dr Ghaiath Hussein
An introduction to ethical issues in public health practice and research I gave to master students in the Public Health Institute in Sudan -- My Home Country. This was on Jan. 5, 2012.
What is global health? Dr Slim Slama, Geneva University HospitalsGeneva Health Forum
This document discusses the concepts of global health and how it differs from international health. It begins by outlining the definitions of health from the World Health Organization and of public health. It then explores the shift from international to global health, noting changes in terminology and perspectives. Key aspects of global health identified include its transnational nature, focus on health equity worldwide, and emphasis on collaborative multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary approaches. Globalization is discussed as increasing human interactions and connectivity across many domains with important implications for health worldwide. Both opportunities and threats of globalization for health are considered.
The document summarizes key points from a speech given by the WHO Regional Director for Europe on health challenges in the European region and strategies to address them. The main points are:
1) There are significant health inequities within and between countries in the European region in terms of life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Nordic countries have some of the highest rates.
2) Investing in public health, disease prevention, and addressing social determinants of health through intersectoral policies can help reduce inequities and improve population health outcomes.
3) The Health 2020 policy framework and examples from countries like Norway that have strengthened public health infrastructure and implemented intersectoral governance approaches provide guidance for addressing challenges and closing
A ANEEL adota metodologia para reajustes tarifários que apresenta falhas conceituais, levando a desequilíbrio econômico-financeiro dos contratos. A metodologia de reajuste anual difere da revisão periódica e permite apropriação indevida de ganhos pelas concessionárias, sem compartilhamento com os consumidores. Isso contraria a legislação que rege a concessão de serviços públicos. O Tribunal determina medidas corretivas extensivas a outras distribuidoras.
An overview on priorities in health research was a part of a course for research methodology delivered in King Saud University College of Medicine August 2015
Social epidemiology in public health researchPoope รักในหลวง
This document discusses social epidemiology in public health research and the social determinants of health. It presents the Commission on Social Determinants of Health conceptual framework which shows how socioeconomic and political context, socioeconomic position, and structural determinants impact health inequities through intermediary determinants. The document also discusses how public health research integrates health and social epidemiology concepts to analyze risk factors related to public health problems. Finally, it presents the SOCIPID model for social epidemiology research and provides an example of how it was applied to research on coronary heart disease in women.
The document discusses global health policies and initiatives. It outlines health policy aims like maintaining and improving population health status. It discusses key global health strategies like Health for All by 2000, the Millennium Development Goals, and Sustainable Development Goals. It provides details on initiatives like the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, GAIN (Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition), and progress made in combating diseases like HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria.
Evolution of public health- Dr Subraham PanySubraham Pany
This document provides a summary of the history and evolution of public health and medicine across various civilizations and eras. It discusses early concepts of health and disease from ancient cultures like India, China, Egypt, Greece, and Mesopotamia. It then covers developments in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance period, including the emergence of germ theory and advances during the Industrial Revolution that led to the fields of public health and preventive medicine. The document also introduces several important historical figures who contributed to the understanding and practice of medicine.
Prabesh Ghimire presented on the International Health Partnership (IHP). The IHP was launched in 2007 to help coordinate global health initiatives and improve health systems in developing countries. It aims to support country-led health plans, jointly assess strategies, negotiate funding agreements, and increase accountability. The IHP has grown to include 66 partner organizations and 37 countries. Country compacts outline commitments between governments and donors to align funding with national health priorities. Studies show countries engaged with IHP have seen positive results, including increased health funding and coverage. Nepal was an early adopter of IHP principles through its own health partnership compact.
Job responsibilities of health education officersKailash Nagar
The document outlines the job responsibilities of a Health Education Officer. A Health Education Officer is responsible for assessing community health needs, planning and implementing health education strategies, conducting evaluations, administering programs, serving as a health resource, and communicating and advocating for health. Specific responsibilities include collecting data, organizing training programs, developing educational materials, supervising field workers, and promoting IEC/BCC activities related to health promotion, disease prevention, and behavior change. The overall goal is to educate communities and empower them to make informed health decisions.
This document discusses public health policy frameworks and implementation. It defines key concepts like health, public health, and health policy. It describes the Ottawa Declaration's five action areas for health promotion. It discusses what policy is, attributes of policy, and views policy as the rationalization of values. It examines the role of government in health care and different types of health care systems. It outlines dimensions of policy making like issue filtration, hidden politics, and key considerations around political pragmatism, ideology, finances, and morals. It also discusses models of power in policy making like consensus, pluralist, and elitist models.
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Day 12.12.14, NepalDeepak Karki
This presentation is made on the first ever Universal Health Coverage (UHC) Day 12.12.14 celebration in Nepal by Nepal Health Economics Association (NHEA).
The Health System as a Determinant of HealthRenzo Guinto
Lecture given during the pre-APRM workshop on Social Determinants of Health and Global Health Equity, September 12, 2012, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Integrity and Corruption in the Health Sector by Dr Musa AjlouniMusa Ajlouni
This document discusses integrity, corruption, and their manifestations in the health sector. It defines integrity and corruption, then outlines how corruption occurs among various actors in the health system, including regulators, payers, health care providers, patients, and suppliers. It describes both monetary and non-monetary forms of corruption. The document also discusses underlying causes of corruption in health and potential remedies, emphasizing the need for transparency, accountability, and a culture of integrity.
The National Health Education, Information and Communication Center (NHEICC) was established in 1993 as the top health program in Nepal. It aims to raise health awareness, promote health, and change behaviors through integrated education and communication. NHEICC has five sections and is responsible for organizing advocacy, developing health policies and strategies, and disseminating health messages through various media channels. It conducts a variety of activities at the national, regional, district, and community levels, including producing educational materials, implementing media campaigns, and providing training to health workers.
The document discusses two approaches to causality in social sciences: the potential outcome/counterfactual framework championed by Donald Rubin, and the structural modeling framework of Wright, Haavelmo, and Pearl. It outlines Rubin's potential outcome model, including his definition of causal effect using counterfactuals. It also discusses criticisms of Rubin's approach, such as issues with individual heterogeneity and assignment. The document then discusses Lewis' conceptualization of counterfactuals and how they differ from Rubin's use of counterfactuals. It concludes by discussing structural modeling and outlines the topics that will be covered.
The Thailand HiT reports that sustained political commitment to the health of the population since the 1970s has resulted in significant investment in health infrastructure, in particular primary health care, district and provincial referral hospitals, and strengthened the overall functioning of the Thai health system. After Thailand achieved universal health coverage in 2002, public expenditure on health significantly increased from 63% to 77% and out-of-pocket expense was reduced from 27.2% to 12.4% of the total health spending in 2011.
Social Determinants of Health InequitiesRenzo Guinto
Lecture given during the pre-APRM workshop on Social Determinants of Health and Global Health Equity, September 11, 2012, Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur
Interpersonal Health Communication Interpersonal Media for Individual Health ...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
The document discusses interpersonal health communication and media for individual health education. It provides an introduction to interpersonal communication and its importance in health education. It describes different interpersonal communication and media materials used for health education. It also discusses barriers to effective interpersonal communication and skills required for developing and using interpersonal health communication media. Finally, it provides an example prototype interpersonal communication media plan on tobacco cessation.
This document provides an overview of economic evaluation in healthcare. It defines economic evaluation as the comparative analysis of costs and consequences of alternative healthcare interventions. The main types of economic evaluation are described as cost-minimization analysis, cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, and cost-benefit analysis. Examples of economic evaluations in dentistry are also provided. The document discusses the history of economic evaluation and its importance in informing healthcare resource allocation decisions.
This document provides an overview of policy analysis. It defines policy analysis as a rational, systematic approach to making policy choices in the public sector by generating information on the potential consequences of various policy options. The document then outlines several theoretical approaches to policy analysis, including political systems theory, group theory, elite theory, institutionalism, and rational choice theory. It also describes the typical steps involved in policy analysis, such as identifying the problem, objectives, criteria for evaluation, alternative policies, analysing each policy's potential consequences, and comparing the alternatives.
Introduction to ethical issues in public health, Public Health Institute (PHI...Dr Ghaiath Hussein
An introduction to ethical issues in public health practice and research I gave to master students in the Public Health Institute in Sudan -- My Home Country. This was on Jan. 5, 2012.
What is global health? Dr Slim Slama, Geneva University HospitalsGeneva Health Forum
This document discusses the concepts of global health and how it differs from international health. It begins by outlining the definitions of health from the World Health Organization and of public health. It then explores the shift from international to global health, noting changes in terminology and perspectives. Key aspects of global health identified include its transnational nature, focus on health equity worldwide, and emphasis on collaborative multi-sectoral and multidisciplinary approaches. Globalization is discussed as increasing human interactions and connectivity across many domains with important implications for health worldwide. Both opportunities and threats of globalization for health are considered.
The document summarizes key points from a speech given by the WHO Regional Director for Europe on health challenges in the European region and strategies to address them. The main points are:
1) There are significant health inequities within and between countries in the European region in terms of life expectancy and healthy life expectancy. Nordic countries have some of the highest rates.
2) Investing in public health, disease prevention, and addressing social determinants of health through intersectoral policies can help reduce inequities and improve population health outcomes.
3) The Health 2020 policy framework and examples from countries like Norway that have strengthened public health infrastructure and implemented intersectoral governance approaches provide guidance for addressing challenges and closing
A ANEEL adota metodologia para reajustes tarifários que apresenta falhas conceituais, levando a desequilíbrio econômico-financeiro dos contratos. A metodologia de reajuste anual difere da revisão periódica e permite apropriação indevida de ganhos pelas concessionárias, sem compartilhamento com os consumidores. Isso contraria a legislação que rege a concessão de serviços públicos. O Tribunal determina medidas corretivas extensivas a outras distribuidoras.
Materializing sustainable development goals for health time for actionPPPKAM
This document outlines Malaysia's plan to achieve SDG 3 of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages by 2030, specifically targeting an end to the AIDS epidemic. The plan is based on modeling that shows focusing on prevention, harm reduction, and treatment can reduce new HIV infections by 90% from 2010 levels by 2021. The national strategic plan for 2016-2030 prioritizes scaling up testing and treatment coverage, harm reduction programs for people who inject drugs, and prevention for at-risk groups. Investing fully in this combination approach will allow Malaysia to realistically end its AIDS epidemic within 15 years according to the analysis.
The document discusses Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with a focus on health. It provides an overview of SDGs, including the 17 goals adopted by the UN in 2015 to be achieved by 2030. Goal 3 aims to "ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages" with 13 specific health-related targets. The document argues that health is an important asset and universal health coverage is critical to achieving SDGs. However, critics argue that the SDGs have too many ambitious targets and indicators that ignore local contexts.
Managing information for prevention and control ofPPPKAM
This document outlines managing information for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Malaysia. It discusses the 25 by 25 goal to reduce NCD mortality by 25% by 2025, challenges in NCD surveillance and monitoring, and what is wrong with addressing NCDs currently in Malaysia. The document calls for strengthening NCD data collection and surveys to better inform prevention efforts and identifies opportunities to improve NCD management through a multi-sectoral approach focusing on behaviors, culture, environment, marketing, health policies and more.
Dr. Nor Aryana Hassan presented at the National Public Health Conference on changing perceptions of vaping among youth. She discussed how e-cigarettes were invented in China in 2006 and entered the US and European markets in 2009, arriving in Malaysia that same year. Drawing on Social Learning Theory, she explained that youth are often experimenting with vaping to seem cool or hide insecurities, and they learn behaviors by observing others. Some studies have found vaping may act as a "gateway" to smoking. Dr. Hassan's presentation called for efforts to make Malaysia smoke-free by 2045 and for all to play a role in changing social norms around tobacco use.
COMBI - a toolkit for social communication in fighting NCDsPPPKAM
This document discusses COMBI, a toolkit for social communication developed by the WHO to help fight non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It presents COMBI as a 10-step process that emphasizes achieving specific behavioral outcomes, not just increasing awareness. COMBI stresses connecting recommendations to individual needs, understanding alternative behaviors, and listening to communities. The document provides Penang's COMBI plan as an example, with the overall goal of reducing NCDs through behaviors like improved nutrition and physical activity. It emphasizes setting clear behavioral objectives and conducting a situational market analysis to understand barriers and enablers to behavior change from the community's perspective before implementing activities.
1) The document discusses a presentation given by Dr Aminah Bee Mohd Kassim on educating and challenging the community about vaccination.
2) It provides a brief history of vaccination and its impact in reducing diseases like smallpox and polio globally. However, vaccination rates have faced challenges from issues like conspiracy theories and alternative medicine practices.
3) In Malaysia, the National Immunization Promotion Campaign 2016-2020 aims to address vaccine refusal in the community through education, clarifying rumors, and garnering community support. It involves an immunization info kit, media campaign, and empowering advocates.
4) When challenging the community, effective communication is key. Advocates must listen respect
governance of public health practices globallypptx.pptxKeirelEdrin
The document discusses the important individuals and agencies that constitute global health governance. It identifies several United Nations agencies and intergovernmental organizations that focus on global health, such as the World Health Organization, UNICEF, and the World Bank. It also discusses non-governmental organizations like Doctors Without Borders and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The document outlines some of the core functions of the WHO and issues that global health initiatives have faced, such as parallel systems undermining health system development. It calls for new governance models that balance national interests with global cooperation.
This document summarizes research conducted by the Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp on various topics related to Global Health Initiatives (GHIs) and global health governance. The research examines: 1) GHIs and global health governance, focusing on complexity, health systems strengthening, and health exceptionalism; 2) the impact of GHIs on financing and sustainability, including crowding out of domestic health expenditure and human resources for health; and 3) the impact of GHIs on legal obligations to provide health assistance. The research uses literature reviews, stakeholder interviews, and data analysis to understand these issues from a complex adaptive systems perspective and to evaluate the normative effects of GHIs on moving states towards compliance with health assistance obligations under
The document discusses the role of civil society and social movements in promoting health in all policies. It argues that civil society can represent the voices of people, advocate and lobby for health issues, act as a watchdog on policy, conduct research and policy analysis, engage in communication and public education efforts, and be involved in multisectoral planning and governance. Some examples provided include social movements in India that mobilized thousands of people and developed a people's health charter, and organizations in various countries that conduct alternative health reporting and research to influence policies.
governance of public health practices globallypptx.pptxKeirelEdrin
The document summarizes the important individuals and agencies that constitute global health governance. It identifies several key intergovernmental organizations focused on global health, including the World Health Organization, United Nations agencies like UNICEF and UNAIDS, and other international bodies. It also discusses important non-governmental organizations in global health like Doctors Without Borders. The document then outlines some of the core functions of the WHO and issues that can arise with global health initiatives, such as a lack of coordination and sustainability.
HiAP is an intersectoral approach to public policy that systematically considers the health implications of decisions across sectors to improve population health and equity. It evolved from initiatives like the Alma Ata Declaration and Ottawa Charter, and emerged as a distinct approach in 2006. Key elements of HiAP include health, equity, sustainability, intersectoral collaboration using a co-benefits approach, stakeholder engagement, and tools like health impact assessment and health lens analysis to analyze health implications of policies. Implementing HiAP requires political will, skills, resources, and long-term commitments to collaborative governance through intersectoral engagement across sectors that impact health.
This document provides an overview of health promotion and education. It discusses the historical background and definitions of health promotion. Key frameworks for conceptualizing health promotion are described, including models by Beattie, Tones and Tilford, and Caplan and Holland. The document outlines five approaches to health promotion - medical, behavioral change, educational, empowerment, and social change. Principles of health promotion according to the WHO are also summarized.
This document provides an introduction to health promotion, including its historical background, concepts, frameworks, principles, approaches and aims. It discusses definitions of health promotion from various organizations. Key frameworks for conceptualizing health promotion are presented, including models by Beattie, Tones and Tilford, Caplan and Holland, and Naidoo and Wills. The document outlines five main approaches to health promotion: medical/preventative, behavioral change, educational, empowerment, and social change. Important policy documents that have shaped the field, such as the Ottawa Charter, are also mentioned.
This chapter discusses definitions of health promotion and related terms. It examines health promotion's position within public health and outlines the scope of health promotion work. The chapter defines health promotion as enabling people to increase control over their health and improve it. It discusses frameworks for health promotion activities and core competencies. Health promotion aims to empower people and improve health through a variety of strategies and across multiple levels of influence.
Health promotion aims to enable people to improve their health by taking control of their lives and changing behaviors. It addresses the many individual and environmental factors that influence health. Global initiatives like the Ottawa Charter, UN Sustainable Development Goals, and the 9th Global Conference on Health Promotion promote health as a universal right and priority. They emphasize empowering individuals and communities through knowledge, skills, healthy environments, and multi-sector collaboration to achieve well-being for all.
Introduction to health promotion and population healthAbduh Ridha
This document provides an introduction and outline for a presentation on health promotion and population health. It includes:
1) Milestones in the development of health promotion and population health from 1974 onwards, including reports, conferences, and definitions that were influential.
2) An outline of key concepts in health promotion and population health, including definitions of health, health promotion, empowerment, and determinants of health.
3) Questions from the audience about differences and commonalities between health promotion and population health that will be addressed later in the presentation.
HMPRG Safety Net Initiative History- Lon BerkeleyHealthwork
PPT Setting the Stage for the Regional Health Care Safety Net in Northeastern Illinois. Presented at the Safety Net Summit, June 23, 2009, hosted by Health & Medicine Policy Research Group (HMPRG) and the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)
This document provides an overview of health impact assessment (HIA). It discusses:
- The background and experience of the author in conducting HIAs
- Why health matters and the environmental and social determinants of health
- What HIA is and when it is conducted
- The typical steps involved in an HIA including screening, scoping, assessment and recommendations
- Examples of different types of projects and policies that HIAs have been conducted for
- How HIA relates to and incorporates environmental health issues
- Resources available for learning more about HIA
Health Promotion.presentation slides for NEyakemichael
The document discusses health promotion. It defines health promotion as raising health status and empowering people to have more control over their health. The document outlines the session objectives which are to explain health promotion concepts, discuss approaches, plan and implement programs, and analyze impacting factors. It also discusses defining health promotion, the difference between health education and promotion, principles of promotion, example programs, and factors influencing health.
Better Health? Composite Evidence from Four Literature ReviewsHFG Project
The Marshaling the Evidence secretariat agreed that a cross-cutting synthesis paper was necessary to frame the work in the wider context of governance in health systems, drawing distinctions and consensus across all four TWG papers. Members of the secretariat, some of whom also were members of the TWGs, conducted the analysis across each TWG report and wrote the synthesis report. The report compiles results from the TWGs into a searchable database, contained in Annex 1. The report also lays the foundation for future action—from dissemination to further research agendas and policy plans.
Sps160 chapter 4 health promotion programsZul Fadli
The document outlines the five major strategies of health promotion according to the Ottawa Charter: 1) Developing healthy public policy, which involves prioritizing health in all policy decisions. 2) Creating supportive environments for health in places where people live, work and play. 3) Strengthening community action through community participation, decision making, and planning. 4) Developing personal skills to empower individuals to identify their own health needs and take action. 5) Reorienting health services to focus on health promotion as well as treatment.
HIA in Decision Making: What We Know and What We Need to Know Francesca Viliani
HIA in Decision Making: What We Know and What We Need to Know presentation made at the 2015 Global Health Forum on “Public Health Governance” in Taiwan
Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development (HCM550)Type ofjesseniasaddler
This document provides information about a critical thinking assignment for a healthcare policy course. It includes instructions to read several chapters and articles on global health policy and the Saudi Vision 2030 plan. Students are asked to write a 3-4 page paper identifying deficiencies in a global health policy and establishing a new policy vision to address the deficiencies. The paper must include an introduction, sections on deficiencies and needed changes, and a vision statement with proposed funding sources and references.
Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development (HCM550)Type of homjesseniasaddler
*Healthcare Policy Analysis and Development (HCM550)
*Type of homework : Critical thickening.
*Notes: I attached the book and article links for reading .
please read :
Chapters 3 & 4 in
The Handbook of Global Health Policy1-
Kools, S., Chimwaza, A., & Macha, S. (2015).
Cultural humility and working with marginalized populations in developing countries
.
Global Health Promotion, 22(1),
52-59,92,112.
Masakure, C. (2016).
The nexus between global health and public health in
Africa
.
African Studies Quarterly, 16
(2), 71-76.
Need the plagiarism below 18%===================================================================Critical Thinking Assignment (105 points) Taking the policy you discussed in Module 1, look at the Systems Model on the policy process, Figure 1.3 (Problem Identification, Policy Formulation, Policy Implementation, Policy Evaluation) on page 36 in your textbook. Write a paper with the purpose of overcoming the problems described by the four Rs (Reaction, Repetition, Results, and Raising Funds) on page 57. Assume the role of the leader who will be building a coalition by creating a policy vision for the internal and external stakeholders of your geographical area or country. First, begin by identifying the deficiencies in a global policy that you have researched so that you can establish a policy vision by determining the needed funding for the services you feel must be provided and including that in the policy. Explain how your policy would benefit your target population.
Include the following headings/sections in your submission: Introduction—Describe the population affected by the policy Deficiencies of—Name of Global Policy Vision of Changes—Needed what needs to change to make the policy better Gaining Support for the Vision—Internal and external Needed Funding—Where will funding come from for services discussed in the policy Conclusions ReferencesYour paper should meet the following requirements: Be 3‐4 pages in length, not including the cover or reference pages. Provide support for your statements with in‐text citations from a minimum of six scholarly articles. Two of these sources may be from the class readings, textbook, or lectures, but four must be external. Be formatted according to Saudi Electronic University and APA writing guidelines. Remember to utilize headings to organize the content in your work.
This is it what been missing:
Required
Chapters 1 & 2 in
The Handbook of Global Health Policy
Leon, J. S., Winskell, K., McFarland, D. A., & del Rio, C. (2015).
A case-based, problem-based learning approach to prepare master of public health candidates for the complexities of global health
.
American Journal of Public Health
,
105
, S92-S96.
Lomazzi, M., Jenkins, C., & Borisch, B. (2016).
Global public health today: Connecting the dots
.
Global Health Action
,
9
.
Vision 2030 (n.d.).
Saudi Vision 2030
. Retrieved fro ...
This document outlines the process and goals of a regional health care safety net summit. It provides background on the initiative, including key terminology, assumptions, and demographic data of the region. It also summarizes ongoing efforts to strengthen the safety net and the Chicago Metropolitan Agency for Planning's GoTo 2040 plan, which includes recommendations to integrate health policy into regional planning. The document introduces preliminary recommendations that will be discussed at the summit to continue progressing the initiative.
Similar to Partnerships for sustainable health – revisit the policy (20)
The document discusses developing a "Healthy City Index" to measure the health and livability of cities. It proposes indicators across several domains: physical environment, social/community, economic, and governance. Data sources are identified for each indicator, and methods are discussed for assembling relevant data, selecting indicators, and identifying challenges. The overall goal is to improve health, promote equity, and foster sustainable urban development through a whole-of-system approach that considers policies, regulations, workforce, information systems, and service delivery across sectors.
Managing adolescent sexual reproductive health issues cope with best evidence...PPPKAM
The document discusses adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) and strategies for effectively addressing ASRH issues. It describes the physical, emotional, and developmental changes that occur during adolescence and associated health risks. A comprehensive, evidence-based approach is needed that provides adolescents with knowledge and services, creates an enabling environment, and addresses social and cultural norms. Interventions should be tailored to adolescents' diverse needs and involve stakeholders at all levels including adolescents themselves. The goal is to enable adolescents to protect their sexual and reproductive health and rights.
KOSPEN: Challenges in empowering the communityPPPKAM
1) Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes and hypertension are increasing in Malaysia, with over 50% of cases being undiagnosed and placing a large burden on the country's health system.
2) KOSPEN is Malaysia's community-based intervention program aimed at empowering communities to prevent and control NCDs and their risk factors. It uses health volunteers to promote healthy behaviors and screen for early detection of NCD risk factors.
3) The challenges of KOSPEN implementation include increasing community prioritization of health, motivating volunteers, and ensuring adequate support from the health sector and collaborating agencies for large-scale nationwide implementation.
Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
Co-Chairs, Val J. Lowe, MD, and Cyrus A. Raji, MD, PhD, prepared useful Practice Aids pertaining to Alzheimer’s disease for this CME/AAPA activity titled “Alzheimer’s Disease Case Conference: Gearing Up for the Expanding Role of Neuroradiology in Diagnosis and Treatment.” For the full presentation, downloadable Practice Aids, and complete CME/AAPA information, and to apply for credit, please visit us at https://bit.ly/3PvVY25. CME/AAPA credit will be available until June 28, 2025.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdfrightmanforbloodline
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Test bank for karp s cell and molecular biology 9th edition by gerald karp.pdf
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Kosmoderma Academy, a leading institution in the field of dermatology and aesthetics, offers comprehensive courses in cosmetology and trichology. Our specialized courses on PRP (Hair), DR+Growth Factor, GFC, and Qr678 are designed to equip practitioners with advanced skills and knowledge to excel in hair restoration and growth treatments.
How to Control Your Asthma Tips by gokuldas hospital.Gokuldas Hospital
Respiratory issues like asthma are the most sensitive issue that is affecting millions worldwide. It hampers the daily activities leaving the body tired and breathless.
The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
DECLARATION OF HELSINKI - History and principlesanaghabharat01
This SlideShare presentation provides a comprehensive overview of the Declaration of Helsinki, a foundational document outlining ethical guidelines for conducting medical research involving human subjects.
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
The Nervous and Chemical Regulation of Respiration
Partnerships for sustainable health – revisit the policy
1. Partnerships for
Sustainable Health – Revisit
the Policy
Datu Dr Andrew Kiyu
Consultant Epidemiologist,
Sarawak Health Department.
kiyu.andrew@gmail.com
8th National Public Health Conference
Equatorial Hotel, Malacca
2-4 August 2016
1
2. 8th National Public Health Conference
Theme:
“Managing Society in Combating Public Health Challenges”
2
5. Schematic Overview of the Malaysian Health System
* SOCSO - Social Security Organization ** EPF - Employee Provident Fund
Source: Rozita Halina Hussein. Asia Pacific Region Country Health Financing Profiles: Malaysia, Institute for Health Systems Research.
http://www.wpro.who.int/asia_pacific_observatory/hits/series/Hits_MYS_2_organization.pdf?ua=1 6
6. What is Policy?
A Conceptual Continuum
Policy is
considered to be a
rule or principle
that guides
decision-making
Policy is
• defined as the explicit (and thus
documented) formal decision
• by an executive agency
• to solve a certain problem
• through the deployment of
specific resources, and
• the establishment of specific sets
of goals and objectives
• to be met within a specific time
frame.
Evelyne de Leeuw (2007) “Policies for Health: The Effectiveness of their Development, Adoption, and Implementation”7
7. How Policy Impacts on Health
• Lasswell (1936) defined policy as “deciding who
gets what, where and how”.
• Thus policy regulates choices in every domain
pertaining to social determinants of health,
• be it housing, social assistance, environmental
protection, employment and economic issues,
agriculture or science and technology policy
• Lasswell, H. (1936) Politics: Who gets what, when, how. McGraw-Hill, New York. Cited by Evelyne de
Leeuw (2007) “Policies for Health: The Effectiveness of their Development, Adoption, and
Implementation” p55
8
8. WHO Report 2006 – focused on human
resources for health
http://www.who.int/whr/2006/whr06_en.pdf?ua=1
9
9. The key International declarations and
publications that exhorts partnerships or
intersectoral actions for health:
• Alma-Ata Declaration (1978),
• Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)
• Intersectoral action for health : the role of intersectoral
cooperation in national strategies for Health for All
(1986)
• Intersectoral Action for Health: A Cornerstone for
Health-for-All in the Twenty-First Century (WHO 1997),
• Adelaide Statement on Health in All Policies (WHO 2010).
11
10. Declaration of Alma-Ata International
Conference on Primary Health Care,
Alma-Ata, USSR, 6-12 September 1978
• VII: Primary health care:
• …
• 4. involves, in addition to the health sector,
all related sectors and aspects of national and community
development,
in particular agriculture, animal husbandry, food, industry,
education, housing, public works, communications and
other sectors;
and demands the coordinated efforts of all those sectors
• …
• http://www.who.int/publications/almaata_declaration_en.pdf 12
11. Prerequisites for Health
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion
21 November 1986
The fundamental conditions and resources for health are:
• peace,
• shelter,
• education,
• food,
• income,
• a stable eco-system,
• sustainable resources,
• social justice, and equity.
• Improvement in health requires a secure foundation in
these basic prerequisites.
• http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/
14
12. The need for concerted action by many sectors
• The prerequisites and prospects for health cannot be
ensured by the health sector alone.
• … (it) demands coordinated action by all concerned, viz:
• governments,
• health and other social and economic sectors,
• nongovernmental and voluntary organization,
• local authorities,
• industry
• the media.
• People in all walks of life are involved as
• individuals,
• families and
• communities.
• Professional and social groups and health personnel have a
major responsibility to mediate between differing interests
in society for the pursuit of health.
• http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/conferences/previous/ottawa/en/
15
15. Estimated Impact of Determinants of Health on
Health Status of the Population
Source: Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Health Canada, Population and Public Health Branch AB/NWT 2002
cited in Philip O’Hara (2005). Creating Social and Health Equity: Adopting an Alberta Social Determinants of Health
Framework. Downloaded from
http://www.issuelab.org/resource/creating_social_and_health_equity_adopting_an_alberta_social_determinants_of_heal
th_framework
18
16. Conceptual Framework of the Social
Determinants of Health
WHO (2010). Solar O, Irwin A. A conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. Social Determinants of Health
Discussion. Paper 2 (Policy and Practice). http://www.who.int/sdhconference/resources/ConceptualframeworkforactiononSDH_eng.pdf19
Governance
IMPACT ON
EQUITY IN
HEALTH
AND
WELL-BEING
Macroeconomic
Policies
Social Policies
Labour Market,
Housing, Land
Public Policies
Education, Health,
Social Protection
Culture and
Societal Values
SOCIOECONOMIC
AND POLITICAL
CONTEXT
Socioeconomic
Positions
Social Class
Gender Ethnicity
(racism)
STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF
HEALTH INEQUITIES
Education
Occupation
Income
INTERMEDIARY DETERMINANTS
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS
OF HEALTH
Material Circumstances
(Living and Working,
Condition, Food
Availability, etc.)
Behaviours and
Biological Factors
Psychosocial Factors
Social Cohesion &
Social Capital
Health System
17. Reasons for Intersectoral Action for Health
• Some examples of how health is impacted by actions beyond
the health sector are:
• the decline of road deaths as a result of a set of measures
that included road engineering and motor vehicle safety
measures,
• 23% reduction in cardiovascular diseases and stroke due to
a reduction in dietary salt intake from 10 g/day to 5 g/day,
• decrease in diarrhoea mortality because of improved access
to clean water (21 % decrease) and sanitation (23%
decrease),
• saving of thousands of lives through raising taxes on
tobacco and
• increase in life expectancy attributed to additional years of
education 20
18. Multisectoral - Definition by WHO
• Multisectoral (intersectoral) action
• refers to action between two or more sectors within the public sector (1)
• Multistakeholder action
• refers to action by actors outside the public sector (e.g. nongovernmental
organizations [NGOs] and the private sector).(2)
• The terms multisectoral action and intersectoral action are often
used interchangeably, and they have the same meaning unless
otherwise specified
Ref: (1) Paragraph 36 of the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases A/RES/66/2.
(2) Paragraph 37 of the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases A/RES/66/2.
Source: WHO Discussion Paper (Version dated 29 October 2014). Framework for country action across sectors for health and health equity.
http://www.who.int/nmh/events/framework-discussion-paper-rev.pdf?ua=1
21
19. Four Forms of Action Across Sectors
Actions are initiated by
the health authority
• participation from one or more ministries,
• primarily focused on improving health and
health equity
Actions are initiated by
head of government
Actions are initiated by
non-health agency
Actions are initiated by
head of government
• often arising to combat disease outbreaks
or manage health emergencies
• all ministries participating most of the time.
• the road and transport authorities assume lead
role in in the prevention of road deaths and
injuries (Department of Town and Country
Planning in P. Malaysia taking over Healthy Cities)
• find various sectors working together to
address one or more public health issues
• E.g., Healthy cities, healthy schools
Source: WHO Discussion Paper (Version dated 29 October 2014). Framework for country action across sectors for health and health equity.
http://www.who.int/nmh/events/framework-discussion-paper-rev.pdf?ua=1
22
20. Six Components of Action Across Sectors
Establish the need and priorities for action across sectors
Frame planned action
Identify supportive structures and processes
Facilitate assessment and engagement
Implement planned action across sectors
Ensure that monitoring,
evaluation and
reporting occurs
Source: WHO Discussion Paper (Version dated 29 October 2014). Framework for country action across sectors for health and health equity.
http://www.who.int/nmh/events/framework-discussion-paper-rev.pdf?ua=1
24
21. Institutional Capacity for Action Across Sectors
Expertise of individual
practitioners
Existing policy commitments
Availability of funds
Availability of information
and databases for planning
Organizational structure
Source: WHO Discussion Paper (Version dated 29 October 2014). Framework for country action across sectors for health and health
equity. http://www.who.int/nmh/events/framework-discussion-paper-rev.pdf?ua=1
25
22. Community Capacity for Action Across Sectors
Promoting health and
policy literacy
Training leaders in techniques
to support and enable:
• informed community participation
• engagement with decision-making,
• implementing and evaluating community action for health
Source: WHO Discussion Paper (Version dated 29 October 2014). Framework for country action across sectors for health and
health equity. http://www.who.int/nmh/events/framework-discussion-paper-rev.pdf?ua=1
27
25. Why Partnerships For Health?
Health
• not solely the
responsibility of ministries
of health.
• Should be everybody’s
business
Partnership
• based on the simple adage that “two heads are better
than one”
• outcome of partnership work is not a simple addition of
the stakeholders’ inputs — it is a synergy of all inputs
31
26. Partnership: Definition
A partnership is:
• an arrangement
• in which parties agree
to cooperate
• to advance their
mutual interests
• (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partnership)
A partnership is:
• a shared commitment,
• where all partners have a
right and an obligation to
participate and
• will be affected equally by the
benefits and disadvantages
• arising from the
partnership.
• Ros Carnwell and Alex Carson. The concepts of partnership and
collaboration; p7, 10;
https://www.mheducation.co.uk/openup/chapters/9780335229116.
pdf
• In: Ros Carnwell and Julian Buchanan (editors): Effective
Practice in Health, Social Care and Criminal Justice: A
Partnership Approach; 1 Dec 2008
32
27. Types of Partnership
Type Description
Project
partnership
• time limited for the duration of a particular project
• A partnership between the police and other road safety organizations to
lower the speed limit will end when their project is successful
Problem oriented
partnership
• formed in response to a publicly identified problem
• remain as long as the problem persists.
• Examples of this might include Neighbourhood Watch schemes or
substance abuse teams.
Ideological
partnership
• arise from a shared outlook or point of view.
• similar in many ways to problem oriented partnerships,
• but they also possess a certain viewpoint that they are convinced is the
correct way of seeing things
Ethical
partnership
• have a sense of ‘mission’ and have an overtly ethical agenda, that seeks to
promote a particular way of life.
• They tend to be democratic and reflective and are as equally focused on
the means as the end.
• While most partnerships have codes of ethics or ethical procedures, ethical
partnerships have a substantive ethical content in their mission and
practice
Ros Carnwell and Alex Carson. The concepts of partnership and collaboration. P12-13
33
28. Three Dimensions of Partnerships
In simple terms, the three
dimensions translate into:
• more resources,
• more people, and
• new expertise.
A unidimensional
development that lacks
support and input from
the other two dimensions
is likely to collapse.
WHO (2003). The power of partnership. http://www.who.int/management/powerpartnership.pdf
35
Communitymobilisation
• Technical development
• Community mobilisation
• Service enhancement
29. Example: Prevention and Control of HIV/AIDS
in the early phase of the epidemic
• Taboo topics – Sex (especially MSM) and Substance abuse, and AIDS itself
• Cannot discuss, cannot educate, cannot fund
• Difficult to identify and work with the individuals at risk
WHAT WAS DONE
• partners were identified and an organisation structure for partnership was set
up
• Malaysian AIDS Council was formed
• Funds allocated to them to do the work that MOH cannot do
RESULT:
• more resources,
• more people, and
• new expertise.
36
32. Source: Jim Cowan, Cowan Global Limited 2010. Partnership working
http://cowanglobal.wordpress.com/tag/partnership-working/
THE FIVE DEGREES OF PARTNERSHIP WORKING
Co-existence
“You stay on your turf and I’ll stay on mine”
Co-operation
“I’ll lend you a hand when my work is done”
Co-ordination
“We need to adjust what we do to avoid overlap and confusion”
Collaboration
“Let’s all work on this together”
Co-ownership
“We all feel totally responsible”
Degreeof
partnershipworking
Token,
Nominal
Pure
40
35. Three main (and overlapping) interpretations of
sustainable health and health care
Addresses the rising costs
of health care
addresses the impact of
health care on the
environment and
resource consumption
addresses the roles of
health care during major
crises (e.g. the 2015-2016
Ebola epidemic in West
Africa) and physical
disasters (e.g.
earthquakes).
sustainable health care is
interpreted in the context
of financial sustainability
or affordability and
accessibility of health
care.
this involves ‘greening’
the sector with particular
attention to energy,
travel, waste,
procurement, water,
infrastructure adaptation
and buildings.
sustainable health care is
interpreted to mean that
the health care do not
collapse during times of
disaster and the terms
used are sustainable and
resilient health care.
Prada, Gabriela, Kelly Grimes, and Ioulia Sklokin.
Defining Health and Health Care Sustainability.
Ottawa: The Conference Board of Canada, 2014.
UK. Sustainable development Unit, NHS (2009).
“Fit for the Future: Scenarios for low-carbon
healthcare 2030”
WHO. OXFAM, Rockfeller Foundation
WHO. Hospitals Safe from Disasters
43
36. Resilient Health System
ADAPTIVE?
Rebounds from
shocks stronger
than before.
AWARE?
Detects health
threats before
they strike.
ITERGRATED?
Rapidly deploys
resources
from beyond
the health
system.
SELF-
REGULATING?
Prevents health
disruptions from
turning into
disasters.
DIVERSE?
Delivers range
of services
with universal
health
coverage.
IS YOUR HEALTH SYSTEM RESILIENT?
IN TIMES OF
CRISIS
LIVES
SAVED
LIVELIHOODS
PROTECTED
IN TIMES OF
CALM
HEALTHIER
PEOPLE
STRONGER
NATIONS
RESILIENT HEALTH SYSTEMS PAY DIVIDENS
WE NEED HEALTH SYSTEMS THAT
BEND, NOT BREAK
ACCELERATED BY
GLOBALIZATION URBANIZATION CLIMATE CHANGE
CRISIS IS THE NEW NORMAL
44
37. Likely features of a sustainable healthcare
system – The Green Perspective
Source: http://www.sdu.nhs.uk/publications-resources/4/Fit-for-the-Future-/
Cited by Knut Schroeder, Trevor Thompson, Kathleen Frith, David Pencheon (2013). Sustainable Healthcare. Wiley-Blackwell and BMJ Books.
Wellbeing is key
Hospital
admissions are
rare
Low health
inequalities
Care closer to
home
Instant help
online, by
telephone, or at a
health centre
Sustainable
Healthcare
Buildings are in
tune with the
environment, using
almost no carbon
Friends, family and
society promote healthy
living
We all recycle, reuse
and minimize waste
Delivery of services
takes long-term
financial, social and
environmental costs into
account
46
38. Sustainable health and health care - Definition
Sustainable health and health care is
the appropriate balance
between the cultural, social, and economic environments
designed to meet the health and health care needs
of individuals and the population
(from health promotion and disease prevention
to restoring health and supporting end of life)
and that leads to optimal health and health care outcomes
without compromising
the outcomes and ability of future generations
to meet their own health and health care needs.
Prada, Gabriela, Kelly Grimes, and Ioulia Sklokin. Defining Health and Health Care Sustainability. Ottawa: The Conference Board of Canada, 2014.
http://www.conferenceboard.ca/temp/10c2f6f4-6f74-4db1-b9ae-6f8995536c96/6269_defininghealth_cashc_rpt.pdf
47
39. Framework for Sustainable Health and Health Care
Prada, Gabriela, Kelly Grimes, and Ioulia Sklokin. Defining Health and Health Care Sustainability. Ottawa: The Conference Board of Canada, 2014.
http://www.conferenceboard.ca/temp/10c2f6f4-6f74-4db1-b9ae-6f8995536c96/6269_defininghealth_cashc_rpt.pdf
48
Appropriateness
Value for money
Fair and timely access
Accountability for results
Effectivediseaseprevention
andhealthpromotion
Effectivehealthandhealth
caresystems
Fundingmodelsthat
drivedesiredbehaviors
Optimaldevelopment,alignment,
andsupportofhumanresources
Leveraginginnovationand
innovativetechnologies
Strategicalignmentwith
Determinantsofhealth
Sustainable health and health care
Four
Guiding
Principles
Six Pillars
41. Five Features of Successful Partnership:
Entering into a partnership
Successful
partnerships
Welcoming
culture
Mutual
benefit
Membership
Common
mandate /
purpose
Other key
factors
important in
the initiating
stage
Collaboration Roundtable (2001): The Partnership Toolkit: Tools for Building and Sustaining Partnerships.
http://www.pcrs.ca/uploads/7L/_A/7L_ATXdmJl3bp9lgOtVTKA/partnershiptoolkit.pdf
53
42. Seventeen Features of successful partnership:
Maintaining partnership
• Shared Vision
• Common and Compatible Goals
and Objectives
• Division of Roles and
Responsibilities
• Balancing Power and Authority
(Joint Ownership, Decision-
making and Accountability)
• Effective Communication
• Supportive Structures and
Processes
• Commitment
• Trust and respect
• Commitment of time
• Leadership
• Resources
• Partnership Agreement
• Continuous nurturing
• Mutual recognition
• Adaptability and flexibility
• Building capacity
• Evaluation
Collaboration Roundtable (2001): The Partnership Toolkit: Tools for Building and Sustaining Partnerships.
http://www.pcrs.ca/uploads/7L/_A/7L_ATXdmJl3bp9lgOtVTKA/partnershiptoolkit.pdf
55
44. Five Obstacles to Partnering
General public
•Prevailing attitude of scepticism
• Rigid / preconceived attitudes about specific sectors / partners
•Inflated expectations of what is possible
Negative Sectoral
characteristics
• Public sector: bureaucratic and intransigent
• Business sector: single-minded and competitive
• Civil society: combative and territorial
Personal limitations of
people leading the
partnership
• Inadequate partnering skills
• Restricted internal / external authority
•Too narrowly focussed role / job
• Lack of belief in the effectiveness of partnering
Organisational
Limitation
•Conflicting priorities
•Competitiveness (within sector)
• Intolerance (of other sectors)
Wider external
constraints
•Local social / political / economic climate
•Scale of challenge(s) / speed of change
•Inability to access external resources
Source: The International Business Leaders Forum (IBLF) and the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN),
2003. The Partnering Toolbook.
http://www.energizeinc.com/art/subj/documents/ThePartneringToolbookMarch2004.pdf
57
45. Partnership pitfalls
Potential challenges include the following:
• passive and dominant partners ,
• unrepresented or under-represented
stakeholders,
• inflexible and insensitive partners,
• unreliable partners,
• human factors.
• WHO (2003). The power of partnership. http://www.who.int/management/powerpartnership.pdf
58
47. HEALTH: WHO Definition
Health is a state
of complete physical,
mental and
social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
• Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New
York, 19-22 June, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health
Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.
• The Definition has not been amended since 1948.
60
48. How should we define health? (2011)
• “The WHO definition of health as complete wellbeing is
no longer fit for purpose given the rise of chronic
disease.”
• Machteld Huber and colleagues propose changing the
emphasis towards
the ability to adapt and self manage
in the face of social, physical, and emotional
challenges.
• Machteld Huber at al. How should we define health? BMJ 2011; 343 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4163
(Published 26 July 2011) Cite this as: BMJ 2011;343:d4163 http://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d4163
61
49. Is it feasible to have:
Health For All?
Sustainable Health?
• Recall the demise of Health for All 2000
• Health for All 2000 (Alma-Ata Declaration 1978)
• Health for All Beyond 2000
• Health for All
• John J Hall and Richard Taylor. Health for all beyond 2000: the demise of the Alma-Ata Declaration and primary health care in developing
countries. MJA 2003; 178: 17–20. https://www.mja.com.au/system/files/issues/178_01_060103/hal10723_fm.pdf
62
50. Health Systems are Central to the New Sustainable
Development Agenda
• WHO (2015). Health in 2015: from MDGs, (Millennium Development Goals) to SDGs, (Sustainable Development Goals). P196
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/200009/1/9789241565110_eng.pdf?ua=1 64
Sustainable Development Goal 3:
Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Well-being For All at All Ages
3.1: Reduce maternal mortality
3.2: End preventable newborn and
child deaths
3.3: End the epidemics of AIDS, TB,
malaria and NTDs
and combat hepatitis, waterborne
and other communicable diseases
3.7: Ensure universal access to
sexual and reproductive health-
care services
3.a: Strengthen implementation of
framework convention on tobacco
control
3.b: Provide access to medicines
and vaccines for all, support R&D
of vaccines and medicines for all
3.c: Increase health financing and
health workforce in developing
countries
3.d: Strengthen capacity for early
warning, risk reduction and
management of health risks
3.4: Reduce mortality from
NCDs and promote mental
health
3.5: Strengthen prevention and
treatment of substance abuse
3.6: Halve global deaths and
injuries from road traffic
accidents
3.9: Reduce deaths and
illnesses from hazardous
chemicals and air, water and
soil pollution and contamination
TARGET 3.8: Achieve universal health coverage, including financial risk protection,
Access to quality essential health-care services, medicines and vaccines for all
INTERACTIONS WITH ECONOMIC, OTHER SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SDGs AND SDG 17 ON MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION
MDG Unfinished and
Expanded Agenda
New SDG Targets
SDG 3 Means of
Implementation Targets
51. Is “Partnership towards sustainable universal
health coverage” more appropriate?
• World Health Organization (November 22, 2010). "The world health report: health systems financing: the path to
universal coverage". Geneva: World Health Organization. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/whr/2010/9789241564021_eng.pdf
65
Current pooled funds
Reduce cost
sharing
and fees
Population: who is covered?
Services:
Which services
are covered
Direct cost:
Proportion of
the cost
covered
Extend to
non-covered
Include
other
services
54. Examples of Existing Partnerships and
Intersectoral Collaboration
National level
• COMBI (Communication for Behavioural Impact)
• KOSPEN (Komuniti Sihat Perkasa Negara)
• MyOHUN (Malaysian One Health University Network),
• HIV/AIDS Getting to Zero
• National Blue Ocean Strategy,
State level
• Village Health Promoter programme in Sarawak
• OSTPC (One-Stop Teenage Pregnancy Centre) in
Sarawak
68
55. Unmet Needs for Partnerships
Examples of urgent social and public health problems that
need intersectoral action
• the broad social determinants of health, including
poverty,
• broken homes and families,
• teenage pregnancies,
• healthy cities and settings,
• road traffic accidents,
• workplace accidents,
• drownings,
• elderly care,
• hospice care 69
57. Partnership and Intersectoral Action for Health
What is the Form of
intersectoral action?
Do we have the
necessary success
factors?
What are the
challenges?
• Actions are initiated by the
health authority, focussing
on improving health and
equity
• Action initiated by head of
government to address:
(1) health emergency /
outbreak, or
(2) broad public health
issues eg through
Healthy Cities
• Actions are initiated by
non-health agency eg to
address Road traffic
accidents
• Welcoming culture,
• membership,
• mutual benefit,
• common mandate
or purpose
• Prevailing attitude of
scepticism,
• bureaucracy,
• inadequate
institutional
capacity,
• inadequate
partnership skills,
• conflicting priorities,
• scale of challenge,
• speed of change,
• etc
71
59. Partnerships with the Community
Empowerment
• Is the community
empowered to
participate fully?
• Do they want to be
empowered?
CITIZEN
CONTROL
DELEGATION
PARTNERSHIP
PLACATION
CONSULTATION
INFORMING
THERAPY
MANIPULATION
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
CITIZEN
CONTROL
TOKENISM
NONPARTICIPATION
Arnstein’s Ladder (1969)
Degrees of Citizen Participation
http://www.vcn.bc.ca/citizens-
handbook/arnsteinsladder.html 73
61. Source: Jim Cowan, Cowan Global Limited 2010. Partnership working
http://cowanglobal.wordpress.com/tag/partnership-working/
How do we move from co-existence to co-
ownership within the health sector?
Co-existence
“You stay on your turf and I’ll stay on mine”
Co-operation
“I’ll lend you a hand when my work is done”
Co-ordination
“We need to adjust what we do to avoid overlap and confusion”
Collaboration
“Let’s all work on this together”
Co-ownership
“We all feel totally responsible”
Degreeof
partnershipworking
Token,
Nominal
Pure
75
71. Conclusion -1
• Partnerships and intersectoral Actions for
Health are easier said than done.
• We still have a long way to go before we can
achieve our vision of
“A nation working together for health”
85
72. Conclusion -2
In order for partnerships and intersectoral action to work, we
need to:
1. overcome the barriers to partnerships,
2. acquire the knowledge and skills
in working with communities and
how to work in partnerships at the levels of the
institution
as well as individual staff level,
3. set up the governance tools
(structures, processes, financial and mandates)
that foster coherence, collaboration and partnership
86
73. Sarawak Health Department
Sarawak Health Department
Jalan Diplomatik, Off Jalan Bako, 93050 Kuching, Sarawak
Tel: 082-473200, Fax: 082-443031, Email: sarawakhealth@srwk.moh.gov.my