This document discusses COMBI, a toolkit for social communication developed by the WHO to help fight non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It presents COMBI as a 10-step process that emphasizes achieving specific behavioral outcomes, not just increasing awareness. COMBI stresses connecting recommendations to individual needs, understanding alternative behaviors, and listening to communities. The document provides Penang's COMBI plan as an example, with the overall goal of reducing NCDs through behaviors like improved nutrition and physical activity. It emphasizes setting clear behavioral objectives and conducting a situational market analysis to understand barriers and enablers to behavior change from the community's perspective before implementing activities.
Essential Package of Health Services Country Snapshot: NepalHFG Project
This country snapshot is one in a series of 24 snapshots as part of an activity looking at the Governance Dimensions of Essential Packages of Health Services in the Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Death priority countries. The snapshot explores several important dimensions of the EPHS in the country, such as how government policies contribute to the service coverage, population coverage, and financial coverage of the package. Each country snapshot includes annexes that contain further information about the EPHS.
CommCare Workshop_Javetski and Wacksmon_4.22.13CORE Group
The document provides an overview of a workshop on planning CommCare projects. It discusses how CommCare can help address challenges faced by community health workers related to accountability, access, quality, and experience. The summary includes evidence from studies that show CommCare improves timeliness of visits, adherence to protocols, CHW knowledge, and engagement of clients. The workshop materials to be provided aim to guide attendees in designing their own CommCare applications and implementing CommCare projects.
Program, plan, policy, strategies and SWOT analysis of COPD in Nepal DeepakPandey315
This document discusses current policies, strategies and programs for the prevention, protection and control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Nepal. It finds that COPD is a major cause of death and hospitalization. Key risk factors include tobacco use, indoor air pollution from solid fuels, and outdoor air pollution. National policies aim to control tobacco, promote smokeless stoves, and reduce vehicular emissions. The WHO's MPOWER strategies and PEN package are implemented. Opportunities exist in multisectoral coordination, but stronger tobacco control and monitoring of air pollution are still needed.
The document outlines the stages and components involved in developing effective information, education, and communication (IEC) materials. It discusses the stages of change theory, the 7 C's of effective communication, and participatory approaches that involve formative research techniques like focus groups and in-depth interviews to identify needed messages. The process then prioritizes messages and channels before developing draft materials, getting approvals, pilot testing, revising, printing, and distributing the final IEC materials. The overall goal is to plan, develop, and distribute IEC materials using behavioral change communication approaches and continuous monitoring and evaluation.
Identifying the basic purposes and scope of M&E. Describing the functions of an M&E plan. Identifying and understanding the main components of an M&E plan
Review of current health service planning in Nepal from province to local levelMohammad Aslam Shaiekh
This document summarizes a review of health service planning in Nepal from the provincial to local levels. It describes the new federal system of government in Nepal with three tiers (federal, provincial, local). At the local level in Pokhara Metropolitan City, the findings show 41 health facilities serving 479,000 people. A top-down and bottom-up approach is used for health program and budget planning. At the provincial level, the Gandaki Province health directorate provides technical support to 11 districts. The challenges of implementing health planning under federalism include coordination between levels of government and building capacity of newly elected local bodies. Recommendations focus on collaboration, clarifying roles, training, and strengthening infrastructure and resources at the
Yes, this objective meets the SMART criteria:
- Specific: It clearly specifies increasing contraceptive prevalence as the desired outcome.
- Measurable: Contraceptive prevalence can be quantified by surveys to measure if it increased by 15%.
- Appropriate: Increasing contraceptive use is appropriately related to the overall goal of improving reproductive health.
- Realistic: A 15% increase may be achievable with the right interventions and resources.
- Timely: The objective does not specify a timeframe, but contraceptive prevalence increase could reasonably be expected and measured over the course of the program.
So in summary, this objective is SMART. Specifying a timeframe would make it even stronger.
SBCC is a multi-step process that uses a socio-ecological model to identify the tipping point for change and operates through three key strategies: advocacy, social mobilization, and behavior change communication. It involves understanding the context through situation and communication analysis, designing communication strategies, creating interventions and materials, implementation and monitoring, and evaluation and replanning for sustainability.
Essential Package of Health Services Country Snapshot: NepalHFG Project
This country snapshot is one in a series of 24 snapshots as part of an activity looking at the Governance Dimensions of Essential Packages of Health Services in the Ending Preventable Child and Maternal Death priority countries. The snapshot explores several important dimensions of the EPHS in the country, such as how government policies contribute to the service coverage, population coverage, and financial coverage of the package. Each country snapshot includes annexes that contain further information about the EPHS.
CommCare Workshop_Javetski and Wacksmon_4.22.13CORE Group
The document provides an overview of a workshop on planning CommCare projects. It discusses how CommCare can help address challenges faced by community health workers related to accountability, access, quality, and experience. The summary includes evidence from studies that show CommCare improves timeliness of visits, adherence to protocols, CHW knowledge, and engagement of clients. The workshop materials to be provided aim to guide attendees in designing their own CommCare applications and implementing CommCare projects.
Program, plan, policy, strategies and SWOT analysis of COPD in Nepal DeepakPandey315
This document discusses current policies, strategies and programs for the prevention, protection and control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Nepal. It finds that COPD is a major cause of death and hospitalization. Key risk factors include tobacco use, indoor air pollution from solid fuels, and outdoor air pollution. National policies aim to control tobacco, promote smokeless stoves, and reduce vehicular emissions. The WHO's MPOWER strategies and PEN package are implemented. Opportunities exist in multisectoral coordination, but stronger tobacco control and monitoring of air pollution are still needed.
The document outlines the stages and components involved in developing effective information, education, and communication (IEC) materials. It discusses the stages of change theory, the 7 C's of effective communication, and participatory approaches that involve formative research techniques like focus groups and in-depth interviews to identify needed messages. The process then prioritizes messages and channels before developing draft materials, getting approvals, pilot testing, revising, printing, and distributing the final IEC materials. The overall goal is to plan, develop, and distribute IEC materials using behavioral change communication approaches and continuous monitoring and evaluation.
Identifying the basic purposes and scope of M&E. Describing the functions of an M&E plan. Identifying and understanding the main components of an M&E plan
Review of current health service planning in Nepal from province to local levelMohammad Aslam Shaiekh
This document summarizes a review of health service planning in Nepal from the provincial to local levels. It describes the new federal system of government in Nepal with three tiers (federal, provincial, local). At the local level in Pokhara Metropolitan City, the findings show 41 health facilities serving 479,000 people. A top-down and bottom-up approach is used for health program and budget planning. At the provincial level, the Gandaki Province health directorate provides technical support to 11 districts. The challenges of implementing health planning under federalism include coordination between levels of government and building capacity of newly elected local bodies. Recommendations focus on collaboration, clarifying roles, training, and strengthening infrastructure and resources at the
Yes, this objective meets the SMART criteria:
- Specific: It clearly specifies increasing contraceptive prevalence as the desired outcome.
- Measurable: Contraceptive prevalence can be quantified by surveys to measure if it increased by 15%.
- Appropriate: Increasing contraceptive use is appropriately related to the overall goal of improving reproductive health.
- Realistic: A 15% increase may be achievable with the right interventions and resources.
- Timely: The objective does not specify a timeframe, but contraceptive prevalence increase could reasonably be expected and measured over the course of the program.
So in summary, this objective is SMART. Specifying a timeframe would make it even stronger.
SBCC is a multi-step process that uses a socio-ecological model to identify the tipping point for change and operates through three key strategies: advocacy, social mobilization, and behavior change communication. It involves understanding the context through situation and communication analysis, designing communication strategies, creating interventions and materials, implementation and monitoring, and evaluation and replanning for sustainability.
Communication For Change: A Short Guide to Social and Behavior Change (SBCC) ...CChangeProgram
Many theories and models have been used to guide health and development communication work . This PowerPoint presentation provides more detailed background on the theories and models leading to Social and Behavior Change Communication (SBCC).
Introduction to Social and Behaviour Change communication (SBCC)Nicol Cave
The document outlines the evolution of strategic health communication from early fear-based approaches to more modern strategic approaches. It discusses several eras: the fear era of the 1960s that aimed to scare people into behaviour change; the awareness era of the 1970s that focused on information sharing; the advertising era of the 1980s that marketed behaviour change; and the strategic communication era from the 1990s onward that takes a systematic, audience-focused approach to promote specific, benefits-based behaviours. This last era involves a 7-step framework that includes understanding the issue, objective, audience, strategy, messages, implementation, and evaluation.
HIV/AIDS has had a significant impact in Ethiopia, with an estimated 1.1 million people living with HIV/AIDS. The epidemic is largely driven by socio-cultural factors and lack of knowledge. Ethiopia has implemented a national response including developing policies, guidelines and strategic plans to coordinate prevention, care, and treatment efforts across multiple sectors. Major achievements include expanding access to antiretroviral therapy and other HIV services. However, challenges remain in fully addressing the epidemic.
NCDs in the Context of the SDGs - a presentation delivered by Dr Albert Francis Domingo (Consultant, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific) at the Philippines' DOH NCRO Operational Planning Workshop for Local Strategic Plans on Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control Programs, 2-4 December 2015. (Adapted from an earlier presentation by Dr Douglass Bettcher, Director, Prevention of NCDs, WHO.)
This document provides an overview of tropical medicine and global health issues. It discusses diseases that disproportionately impact those living in tropical regions, including neglected tropical diseases. It also covers non-communicable diseases, trauma, urbanization, vector-borne diseases, influenza, avian influenza, measles, malaria, Ebola virus disease, and long-term consequences of the 2014-2015 West Africa Ebola outbreak. Health worker migration is also briefly discussed. The document contains detailed information on the transmission, epidemiology, and impact of various tropical and global health challenges.
Monitoring and Evaluation for Project management.Muthuraj K
Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is a set of techniques used in project management to establish controls and ensure a project stays on track to achieve its objectives. Monitoring involves systematically collecting, analyzing, and using information for management decisions and control. It provides information to identify and solve problems and assess progress. Evaluation determines the effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, impact, and sustainability of a project. Both monitoring and evaluation are important for project management and should be integrated throughout the project cycle.
Standardization is a process that puts different variables on the same scale to allow for comparison. There are two main methods: direct and indirect. Indirect standardization is used when the number of deaths for each age group is unknown. It involves choosing a reference population, calculating observed deaths in the population of interest, and applying age-specific mortality rates from the reference population to calculate expected deaths. The standardized mortality ratio is then calculated by dividing observed deaths by expected deaths. Issues in using standardization include requiring total case numbers and the need to clearly state the reference population used.
The document discusses family planning and reproductive health in Nepal. It provides background on family planning, objectives and policies, targets, and major activities in FY 2075/76. Key achievements include modern contraceptive prevalence reaching 39% nationally, with the highest in Province 2 at 46%. New acceptors of spacing methods increased over the previous year, with the highest number in Province 5. The total fertility rate target is to reduce to 2.1 births per woman by 2030.
This document provides a summary of resources on health promoting hospitals (HPH). It begins with an introduction to HPH as a hospital reform concept developed in Europe based on promoting health outcomes for patients, staff, and the community. The document then summarizes several types of resources on HPH, including:
1) General overviews that describe the background, history, and development of the HPH concept and network.
2) Anthologies such as conference proceedings and abstract books covering a wide range of HPH topics and case studies.
3) Journals that have published research on HPH, including the official HPH journal.
4) Textbooks, manuals, and guidelines on implementing HPH
The document provides details about a lesson plan for a session on community participation, including the objectives, overview, introduction, definition of key terms, advantages, stages, and techniques like Participatory Rural Appraisal. The introduction discusses the limitations of past development approaches in India that lacked community involvement. It emphasizes that participation is the key to building confidence and empowering people to take ownership of community initiatives.
Introduction to Epidemiology
1. Define epidemiology
2. Describe the history of epidemiology
3. Describe aims and components of
epidemiology
4. Discuss on the uses of epidemiology
Social marketing applies commercial marketing strategies to promote public health behaviors. It uses a wide range of health communication strategies based on mass media, audience segmentation, and tailored messaging. Key trends in social marketing include using digital media, adapting commercial marketing techniques, and messaging across a continuum from prevention to promotion. Social marketing can change health behaviors but the effects are often small. Effective social marketing considers the problem, target audience, desired behavior change, and strategies for change. Challenges include message clutter, complex health topics, and counter-marketing difficulties.
National health education, information and communication centerShisam Neupane
Established under MOHP in 1993, NHEICC is responsible for planning,Implementing, monitoring and evaluating awareness raising, information, education and communication program related to health programmes and services.
The document discusses the role of information, education, and communication (IEC) in public health. Some key points:
- IEC aims to change health behaviors through communication methods over a defined period of time. It is a continuous process that plays an important role in advocacy.
- IEC involves providing information, education to increase knowledge and awareness, and communication to disseminate messages through various channels. Its goals are to facilitate public health education, prepare communities for behavioral changes, and obtain social and political support.
- Effective IEC requires understanding target audiences, developing appropriate messages and materials, disseminating through relevant media channels, and monitoring and evaluating the program's impact on behaviors. Bottlenecks include unclear
Migration, mobility and international healthRajesh Ludam
The document discusses the relationship between migration and health. It notes that about 3% of the world's population lives outside their country of birth. Migrants are a diverse group and their health is influenced by pre-entry, transitional, and post-entry phases of migration. Their health can be affected by stress, housing, access to healthcare, occupational hazards, and infectious diseases. The document recommends developing standard definitions, monitoring migrant health services, researching health inequalities, and developing culturally sensitive prevention programs and healthcare services for migrants.
This document provides an introduction to monitoring and evaluation (M&E) plans. It discusses what an M&E plan is, how it relates to a logic model, and how it can contribute to a program's success. An M&E plan describes a program's approach to implementing M&E activities, including what data will be collected, how and when data collection will occur, and who is responsible. It helps programs measure progress toward objectives and determine if desired results were achieved. The document also provides a template for components to include in an M&E plan and discusses how complexity of M&E plans has increased over time with different requirements from organizations like USAID, CDC, and GAC. It emphasizes involving relevant technical
Globalization has both positive and negative impacts on health according to the document. It can improve communication of health information but also increase risks from changes to diets and environmental factors. While new technologies and increased access to healthcare through globalization can benefit health, it can also worsen inequality and increase non-communicable diseases. The media plays an important but complex role in health by raising awareness of issues but also potentially spreading misinformation or impacting behaviors. Overall, the document discusses the links between globalization, health, and media and outlines both the pros and cons of their relationships.
El documento describe los módulos de capacitación ofrecidos por DINAV Consultores Asociados relacionados con organización y métodos. Se detallan tres módulos que cubren temas como responsabilidades del área de organización y métodos, gestión de proyectos organizacionales, técnicas de análisis, normas y procedimientos, desarrollo organizacional e ingeniería de métodos. Los módulos se enfocan en brindar herramientas prácticas a través de ejercicios.
Communication For Change: A Short Guide to Social and Behavior Change (SBCC) ...CChangeProgram
Many theories and models have been used to guide health and development communication work . This PowerPoint presentation provides more detailed background on the theories and models leading to Social and Behavior Change Communication (SBCC).
Introduction to Social and Behaviour Change communication (SBCC)Nicol Cave
The document outlines the evolution of strategic health communication from early fear-based approaches to more modern strategic approaches. It discusses several eras: the fear era of the 1960s that aimed to scare people into behaviour change; the awareness era of the 1970s that focused on information sharing; the advertising era of the 1980s that marketed behaviour change; and the strategic communication era from the 1990s onward that takes a systematic, audience-focused approach to promote specific, benefits-based behaviours. This last era involves a 7-step framework that includes understanding the issue, objective, audience, strategy, messages, implementation, and evaluation.
HIV/AIDS has had a significant impact in Ethiopia, with an estimated 1.1 million people living with HIV/AIDS. The epidemic is largely driven by socio-cultural factors and lack of knowledge. Ethiopia has implemented a national response including developing policies, guidelines and strategic plans to coordinate prevention, care, and treatment efforts across multiple sectors. Major achievements include expanding access to antiretroviral therapy and other HIV services. However, challenges remain in fully addressing the epidemic.
NCDs in the Context of the SDGs - a presentation delivered by Dr Albert Francis Domingo (Consultant, WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific) at the Philippines' DOH NCRO Operational Planning Workshop for Local Strategic Plans on Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention and Control Programs, 2-4 December 2015. (Adapted from an earlier presentation by Dr Douglass Bettcher, Director, Prevention of NCDs, WHO.)
This document provides an overview of tropical medicine and global health issues. It discusses diseases that disproportionately impact those living in tropical regions, including neglected tropical diseases. It also covers non-communicable diseases, trauma, urbanization, vector-borne diseases, influenza, avian influenza, measles, malaria, Ebola virus disease, and long-term consequences of the 2014-2015 West Africa Ebola outbreak. Health worker migration is also briefly discussed. The document contains detailed information on the transmission, epidemiology, and impact of various tropical and global health challenges.
Monitoring and Evaluation for Project management.Muthuraj K
Monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is a set of techniques used in project management to establish controls and ensure a project stays on track to achieve its objectives. Monitoring involves systematically collecting, analyzing, and using information for management decisions and control. It provides information to identify and solve problems and assess progress. Evaluation determines the effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, impact, and sustainability of a project. Both monitoring and evaluation are important for project management and should be integrated throughout the project cycle.
Standardization is a process that puts different variables on the same scale to allow for comparison. There are two main methods: direct and indirect. Indirect standardization is used when the number of deaths for each age group is unknown. It involves choosing a reference population, calculating observed deaths in the population of interest, and applying age-specific mortality rates from the reference population to calculate expected deaths. The standardized mortality ratio is then calculated by dividing observed deaths by expected deaths. Issues in using standardization include requiring total case numbers and the need to clearly state the reference population used.
The document discusses family planning and reproductive health in Nepal. It provides background on family planning, objectives and policies, targets, and major activities in FY 2075/76. Key achievements include modern contraceptive prevalence reaching 39% nationally, with the highest in Province 2 at 46%. New acceptors of spacing methods increased over the previous year, with the highest number in Province 5. The total fertility rate target is to reduce to 2.1 births per woman by 2030.
This document provides a summary of resources on health promoting hospitals (HPH). It begins with an introduction to HPH as a hospital reform concept developed in Europe based on promoting health outcomes for patients, staff, and the community. The document then summarizes several types of resources on HPH, including:
1) General overviews that describe the background, history, and development of the HPH concept and network.
2) Anthologies such as conference proceedings and abstract books covering a wide range of HPH topics and case studies.
3) Journals that have published research on HPH, including the official HPH journal.
4) Textbooks, manuals, and guidelines on implementing HPH
The document provides details about a lesson plan for a session on community participation, including the objectives, overview, introduction, definition of key terms, advantages, stages, and techniques like Participatory Rural Appraisal. The introduction discusses the limitations of past development approaches in India that lacked community involvement. It emphasizes that participation is the key to building confidence and empowering people to take ownership of community initiatives.
Introduction to Epidemiology
1. Define epidemiology
2. Describe the history of epidemiology
3. Describe aims and components of
epidemiology
4. Discuss on the uses of epidemiology
Social marketing applies commercial marketing strategies to promote public health behaviors. It uses a wide range of health communication strategies based on mass media, audience segmentation, and tailored messaging. Key trends in social marketing include using digital media, adapting commercial marketing techniques, and messaging across a continuum from prevention to promotion. Social marketing can change health behaviors but the effects are often small. Effective social marketing considers the problem, target audience, desired behavior change, and strategies for change. Challenges include message clutter, complex health topics, and counter-marketing difficulties.
National health education, information and communication centerShisam Neupane
Established under MOHP in 1993, NHEICC is responsible for planning,Implementing, monitoring and evaluating awareness raising, information, education and communication program related to health programmes and services.
The document discusses the role of information, education, and communication (IEC) in public health. Some key points:
- IEC aims to change health behaviors through communication methods over a defined period of time. It is a continuous process that plays an important role in advocacy.
- IEC involves providing information, education to increase knowledge and awareness, and communication to disseminate messages through various channels. Its goals are to facilitate public health education, prepare communities for behavioral changes, and obtain social and political support.
- Effective IEC requires understanding target audiences, developing appropriate messages and materials, disseminating through relevant media channels, and monitoring and evaluating the program's impact on behaviors. Bottlenecks include unclear
Migration, mobility and international healthRajesh Ludam
The document discusses the relationship between migration and health. It notes that about 3% of the world's population lives outside their country of birth. Migrants are a diverse group and their health is influenced by pre-entry, transitional, and post-entry phases of migration. Their health can be affected by stress, housing, access to healthcare, occupational hazards, and infectious diseases. The document recommends developing standard definitions, monitoring migrant health services, researching health inequalities, and developing culturally sensitive prevention programs and healthcare services for migrants.
This document provides an introduction to monitoring and evaluation (M&E) plans. It discusses what an M&E plan is, how it relates to a logic model, and how it can contribute to a program's success. An M&E plan describes a program's approach to implementing M&E activities, including what data will be collected, how and when data collection will occur, and who is responsible. It helps programs measure progress toward objectives and determine if desired results were achieved. The document also provides a template for components to include in an M&E plan and discusses how complexity of M&E plans has increased over time with different requirements from organizations like USAID, CDC, and GAC. It emphasizes involving relevant technical
Globalization has both positive and negative impacts on health according to the document. It can improve communication of health information but also increase risks from changes to diets and environmental factors. While new technologies and increased access to healthcare through globalization can benefit health, it can also worsen inequality and increase non-communicable diseases. The media plays an important but complex role in health by raising awareness of issues but also potentially spreading misinformation or impacting behaviors. Overall, the document discusses the links between globalization, health, and media and outlines both the pros and cons of their relationships.
El documento describe los módulos de capacitación ofrecidos por DINAV Consultores Asociados relacionados con organización y métodos. Se detallan tres módulos que cubren temas como responsabilidades del área de organización y métodos, gestión de proyectos organizacionales, técnicas de análisis, normas y procedimientos, desarrollo organizacional e ingeniería de métodos. Los módulos se enfocan en brindar herramientas prácticas a través de ejercicios.
The document discusses Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) with a focus on health. It provides an overview of SDGs, including the 17 goals adopted by the UN in 2015 to be achieved by 2030. Goal 3 aims to "ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages" with 13 specific health-related targets. The document argues that health is an important asset and universal health coverage is critical to achieving SDGs. However, critics argue that the SDGs have too many ambitious targets and indicators that ignore local contexts.
Materializing sustainable development goals for health time for actionPPPKAM
This document outlines Malaysia's plan to achieve SDG 3 of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages by 2030, specifically targeting an end to the AIDS epidemic. The plan is based on modeling that shows focusing on prevention, harm reduction, and treatment can reduce new HIV infections by 90% from 2010 levels by 2021. The national strategic plan for 2016-2030 prioritizes scaling up testing and treatment coverage, harm reduction programs for people who inject drugs, and prevention for at-risk groups. Investing fully in this combination approach will allow Malaysia to realistically end its AIDS epidemic within 15 years according to the analysis.
This concept paper from the Ministry of Health proposes restructuring Malaysia's national health system to address future needs. Called 1Care, the restructured system aims to provide universal, quality healthcare coverage in line with the 1Malaysia model. Currently, Malaysia's public and private healthcare sectors are imbalanced, with the public sector handling more workload despite fewer resources. The paper seeks input on developing a detailed blueprint to address challenges like ensuring services meet needs, improving equity and quality, and optimizing limited resources through the proposed restructuring.
Partnerships for sustainable health – revisit the policyPPPKAM
This document discusses the importance of partnerships and intersectoral action for health. It provides definitions of key terms like policy, multisectoral action, and partnerships. It outlines several international declarations that promote partnerships between health and other sectors. The social determinants of health model shows that factors outside healthcare impact health status. Effective intersectoral action requires establishing priorities, structures, engagement, implementation, and evaluation across multiple sectors. Partnerships can create synergy toward improving health that individual sectors alone cannot achieve.
Primary health care reform in 1 care for 1 malaysiaEyesWideOpen2008
The government denies that 1Care has been confirmed and accepted, yet it promotes its 1Care reforms internationally!
This is from the International Journal of Public Health Research Special Issue 2011, pp (50-56)
Managing information for prevention and control ofPPPKAM
This document outlines managing information for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in Malaysia. It discusses the 25 by 25 goal to reduce NCD mortality by 25% by 2025, challenges in NCD surveillance and monitoring, and what is wrong with addressing NCDs currently in Malaysia. The document calls for strengthening NCD data collection and surveys to better inform prevention efforts and identifies opportunities to improve NCD management through a multi-sectoral approach focusing on behaviors, culture, environment, marketing, health policies and more.
Dr. Nor Aryana Hassan presented at the National Public Health Conference on changing perceptions of vaping among youth. She discussed how e-cigarettes were invented in China in 2006 and entered the US and European markets in 2009, arriving in Malaysia that same year. Drawing on Social Learning Theory, she explained that youth are often experimenting with vaping to seem cool or hide insecurities, and they learn behaviors by observing others. Some studies have found vaping may act as a "gateway" to smoking. Dr. Hassan's presentation called for efforts to make Malaysia smoke-free by 2045 and for all to play a role in changing social norms around tobacco use.
Behaviour Change - Strategic mix of methodsNicol Cave
The document discusses strategies for effective communication, including knowing your strategy mix. It emphasizes using a mix of communication channels and strategies together, including interpersonal communication, community participation, mass media, social marketing, and news media. Examples are provided of different interactive activities, educational materials, skills workshops, competitions, and events used in public health campaigns in the Pacific to promote behaviors around issues like water, sanitation, nutrition, and non-communicable diseases. The document stresses tailoring strategies to the target audience's stage of change and using audience research to inform selection of the strategy mix.
1) The document discusses a presentation given by Dr Aminah Bee Mohd Kassim on educating and challenging the community about vaccination.
2) It provides a brief history of vaccination and its impact in reducing diseases like smallpox and polio globally. However, vaccination rates have faced challenges from issues like conspiracy theories and alternative medicine practices.
3) In Malaysia, the National Immunization Promotion Campaign 2016-2020 aims to address vaccine refusal in the community through education, clarifying rumors, and garnering community support. It involves an immunization info kit, media campaign, and empowering advocates.
4) When challenging the community, effective communication is key. Advocates must listen respect
The document proposes restructuring the Malaysian health system to create a unified public-private integrated health system called "1Care". Key elements of the proposed model include:
1) Universal coverage through 1Care which integrates public and private providers and services.
2) Autonomous healthcare regions and providers with more flexibility in management and performance-based payments.
3) Shift to primary care-centered system with registered primary care providers acting as gatekeepers and referrers to hospitals.
4) Harmonization of public and private human resources and incentives to address shortages and performance.
The document summarizes the health care system in Malaysia. It discusses the structure of Malaysia's health care system including the Ministry of Health and the transformation from traditional remedies to a public and private system. It also examines the impact of globalization and technology on the system as well as the consequences of a growing private health sector, including issues of access to care.
This document provides an overview of community mental health services in Malaysia. It discusses how mental health services have shifted from an asylum-based model to a community-based care model. The goals of community mental health programs in Malaysia are to promote positive mental health, reduce the prevalence of mental disorders through screening and intervention, and facilitate independent functioning for those with mental illness. Services provided at the community level include promotion of mental health, follow-up treatment, early detection and treatment of new cases, and psychosocial rehabilitation. The roles of medical assistants in community mental health include monitoring patients, ensuring medication compliance, and referring cases to specialists as needed.
Primary healthcare is defined by the WHO as essential healthcare that is accessible to all individuals and families in a community. It aims to reach everyone, particularly those in greatest need. The 8 essential services provided are health education, nutrition, water/sanitation, maternal/child care, immunization, disease prevention/control, basic treatment, and essential drugs.
Malaysia adopted the primary healthcare approach prior to 1978 and provides 8 essential services plus dental care at rural clinics. Primary healthcare in Malaysia is provided by clinics, aims to be comprehensive and continuous, and involves promoting health, preventing and treating illness. It has expanded services and upgraded facilities over time to improve accessibility and quality of care.
Maternal mortality remains a significant issue worldwide, with over 500,000 deaths annually. Through initiatives like the Confidential Enquiries into Maternal Deaths system, Malaysia has significantly reduced its maternal mortality rate from 540/100,000 live births in 1950 to 28.1/100,000 in 2000. Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of death in Malaysia, while medical conditions, sepsis, and hypertensive disorders also contribute substantially. Recommendations focus on increasing access to emergency care and transportation, improving provider training, and expanding family planning programs.
The document summarizes the Malaysian health care system. It describes that the system is centralized with the Ministry of Health overseeing public health programs, medical services, dental services, pharmacy programs, and management. It provides statistics on life expectancy and leading causes of death. It outlines the organization of the Ministry of Health and flow of resources from the federal government to states. It also summarizes some of the key programs and activities under the 9th and 10th Malaysia Plans.
CLASS OBSERVATON DLL 3rdQ 2023-2024.pptxRayMiranda13
This module aims to teach students about global health issues, concerns, and initiatives. It will cover the definition of global health, the 8 Millennium Development Goals, and UNDP's Quick Wins program. Students will watch a video from the WHO and answer questions about progress on the MDGs. They will also participate in activities to identify words related to global health issues and match icons to the different goals. The goals include eradicating poverty and hunger, achieving education, promoting gender equality, reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, and others.
This module aims to teach students about global health issues, trends, and concerns. It will define key terms like global health and discuss major topics like the UN's Millennium Development Goals. Students will learn about health initiatives by the World Health Organization and other groups to address problems like tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and maternal health. The class will watch a video from the WHO and complete an activity to test their understanding of global health issues.
Grade 10 Health UNIT 3 health trends issues and concern Global levelmrianzo
The document provides an overview of a module on global health trends, issues, and concerns. It aims to help students learn about different global health problems and initiatives to address them. Key topics covered include the definition of global health, the UN's 8 Millennium Development Goals, and initiatives by the World Health Organization such as programs to combat diseases like tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, and malaria. The document also lists 10 major global health trends and issues discussed, including non-communicable diseases, climate change, mental health, and immunization.
This module aims to teach students about global health issues, trends, and concerns. It will define key terms like "global health" and discuss major initiatives by the World Health Organization and United Nations, such as the 8 Millennium Development Goals. Students will learn about global health problems like tuberculosis, drug use, HIV/AIDS, and climate change. They will watch a video from the WHO and complete an activity to test their understanding of global health issues.
How can stakeholders work together to change the food production and consumption chain? Presentation in Brussels for Ifi (int. food ingredients) congres on april 14, 2011
The document outlines the vision, mission, values and scope of services of SANE, an organization that aims to lead the world in mental health within ten years and help all Australians affected by mental illness lead better lives. Specifically, SANE works in key areas of support, education, and training. It provides services like a helpline, forums, programs in workplaces and aged care facilities, and community education to reduce stigma and promote understanding of mental illness. Data from 2013-2014 showed increased utilization of SANE's services and outreach. Lessons learned include the importance of education, stigma reduction, partnerships, and comprehensive support. Ideas are discussed for implementing similar services in Indonesia, along with challenges and opportunities.
1. IEC involves providing information, education, and communication to change behaviors through various channels. It aims to change health behaviors, norms, and create awareness to support health activities.
2. IEC approaches include diffusion theory, social marketing, behavioral analysis, and instructional design. It involves collecting data, disseminating knowledge through education and various media channels, and motivating activated knowledge.
3. Nurses should gain people's confidence, arouse interest in health, motivate behavior changes, prepare people to use services, and develop community responsibility for health. They must select topics carefully and use aids effectively for health education.
This document provides information about a module on global health trends, issues, and concerns. It aims to help students learn about different global health issues and initiatives to address problems. Key topics covered include the definition of global health, the 8 Millennium Development Goals, UNDP quick wins initiatives, and 10 global health trends, issues and concerns such as tuberculosis, drug use/abuse, HIV/AIDS, non-communicable diseases, communicable diseases, climate change, mental health, immunization/vaccines, alcohol/tobacco abuse, and malaria/vector-borne diseases. Students will watch a video from the WHO and complete associated activities to evaluate their understanding.
Health 10 Quarter 3 pwerpoint edited.pptxRENATOPADILLO
This module aims to help students learn about global health issues, concerns, and initiatives. It will cover the definition of global health, the 8 Millennium Development Goals, and UNDP's Quick Wins program. Students will watch a video from the WHO on global health services and complete an activity identifying words related to global health issues. They will then learn about 10 key global health trends, including tuberculosis, drug use, HIV/AIDS, non-communicable diseases, communicable diseases, climate change, and mental health.
The document discusses the concepts of community health and development, primary health care, and the role of community health nursing. It provides definitions and principles of primary health care and community health nursing according to global organizations. The key points are:
- Primary health care aims to provide basic health services universally and affordably through community participation.
- Community health nursing focuses on health promotion, prevention and rehabilitation by considering various social, economic and environmental factors that influence health.
- The principles of primary health care and strategies of community health nursing emphasize accessibility, community involvement, self-reliance and addressing health's relationship with development.
The document discusses the concepts of community health and development, primary health care, and the role of community health nursing. It provides definitions and principles of primary health care and community health nursing according to global organizations. The three key points are: 1) Primary health care aims to provide basic health services universally and affordably through community participation and self-reliance. 2) Community health nursing focuses on health promotion, prevention and rehabilitation through collaboration with communities and populations. 3) Community health and development are influenced by social, economic, political and environmental factors and require multisectoral collaboration.
Impact of StakeholdersAs with any intervention, stakeholders musMalikPinckney86
Impact of Stakeholders
As with any intervention, stakeholders must be considered. For population health programs and interventions, the stakeholder group is large. If you are providing care to an individual patient, you may only consider the needs of the patient, family, and healthcare team. In population health, stakeholders may include the city, state, and national governments, along with the population and community impacted. In population health programs and interventions the goal is achieve the "greatest good for the greatest number" (Bentham, 1996). The focus of population health is broad and the needs of all stakeholders must be considered.Primary Prevention
Primary prevention targets disease or disability prevention. These interventions focus on health promotion and address a universal population. Primary prevention interventions occur across settings, including healthcare organizations, school-based health clinics, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) clinics, social media, as well as private homes (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018). One example of a primary prevention intervention is a program to promote breastfeeding to reduce the occurrence of childhood obesity and comorbidities. Another example is vaccination programs to reduce the occurrence of infectious diseases.Secondary Prevention
Secondary prevention focuses on identifying already occurring health problems or conditions prior to the onset of serious or long-term problems. These interventions address selected or targeted symptomatic populations. The objective of secondary prevention is early diagnosis and initial treatment or stabilization of disease in the early stages before it causes significant morbidity and mortality. These interventions can occur in all the some venues as primary interventions, as well as in emergency departments and retail-based clinics, such as Walgreen's (Moreland & Curran, 2018).Tertiary Prevention
Tertiary prevention aims to slow or stop the progression of disease. These interventions target individuals who are already diagnosed with a disease condition and work to restore function and reduce disease-related complications (Moreland & Curran, 2018).
The third level of prevention is tertiary prevention, which is the act of managing a disease after diagnosis. Let's return to Kevin to see how this level of prevention relates to him. During Kevin's colonoscopy, the provider discovered polyps. The polyps were removed. And the pathology report reveals cancer. Tertiary prevention is the process of intervention and treatment.
It involves managing the disease post-diagnosis to slow or stop disease progression. Kevin's story illustrates an example of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention, including interventions for each level of prevention.
Latest evidence suggests that therapeutic intervention strategies for Alzheimer's disease must be reconsidered as pathogenesis is now known to vary at different stages of the disease (Bu et al., 2016) ...
This documents is one of the important to know this because it will help you to become innovate and become a expert in making a ppt so that in your presentation it will be easy to make a ppt so that's why it is important
The document discusses planning for health education programs. It defines health education and explains its purpose is to change individual and group behaviors to improve health statistics. The document outlines the steps to planning health education, including understanding community needs, identifying resources, prioritizing activities, and developing methods. It also discusses delivering health education to individuals, groups and communities using approaches like home visits, group discussions, and working with community leaders. The role of mass media in disseminating health messages is also covered.
The document discusses obesity in Latin America and proposes using mobile technologies to address the problem. It notes the rapid rise in obesity across Latin America and the health consequences. The team proposes developing a mobile app with gamification elements to educate lower income populations on obesity and motivate behavior change. Community health workers would support the app's use and connect users to medical support when needed. Effectiveness would be evaluated by monitoring users' measurements over time.
Public Health England (PHE) presented information on their organization and priorities related to children, young people and families. Key points:
- PHE was formed in 2013 to protect and improve public health in England. They provide expertise and support to local public health teams.
- One of PHE's five outcome priorities is supporting families to give children and young people the best start in life. Specific actions include programs on childhood obesity, the Troubled Families initiative, and early intervention.
- Variations exist in health outcomes across England related to factors like smoking in pregnancy, childhood obesity, and alcohol-related hospital admissions. PHE aims to address these inequalities.
Similar to COMBI - a toolkit for social communication in fighting NCDs (20)
The document discusses developing a "Healthy City Index" to measure the health and livability of cities. It proposes indicators across several domains: physical environment, social/community, economic, and governance. Data sources are identified for each indicator, and methods are discussed for assembling relevant data, selecting indicators, and identifying challenges. The overall goal is to improve health, promote equity, and foster sustainable urban development through a whole-of-system approach that considers policies, regulations, workforce, information systems, and service delivery across sectors.
Managing adolescent sexual reproductive health issues cope with best evidence...PPPKAM
The document discusses adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) and strategies for effectively addressing ASRH issues. It describes the physical, emotional, and developmental changes that occur during adolescence and associated health risks. A comprehensive, evidence-based approach is needed that provides adolescents with knowledge and services, creates an enabling environment, and addresses social and cultural norms. Interventions should be tailored to adolescents' diverse needs and involve stakeholders at all levels including adolescents themselves. The goal is to enable adolescents to protect their sexual and reproductive health and rights.
KOSPEN: Challenges in empowering the communityPPPKAM
1) Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) like diabetes and hypertension are increasing in Malaysia, with over 50% of cases being undiagnosed and placing a large burden on the country's health system.
2) KOSPEN is Malaysia's community-based intervention program aimed at empowering communities to prevent and control NCDs and their risk factors. It uses health volunteers to promote healthy behaviors and screen for early detection of NCD risk factors.
3) The challenges of KOSPEN implementation include increasing community prioritization of health, motivating volunteers, and ensuring adequate support from the health sector and collaborating agencies for large-scale nationwide implementation.
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A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
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Microstomia, characterized by an abnormally small oral aperture, presents significant challenges in prosthodontic treatment, including limited access for examination, difficulties in impression making, and challenges with prosthesis insertion and removal. To manage these issues, customized impression techniques using sectional trays and elastomeric materials are employed. Prostheses may be designed in segments or with flexible materials to facilitate handling. Minimally invasive procedures and the use of digital technologies can enhance patient comfort. Education and training for patients on prosthesis care and maintenance are crucial for compliance. Regular follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach, involving collaboration with other specialists, ensure comprehensive care and improved quality of life for microstomia patients.
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At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, Full Service includes individualized care for every client. We specifically design each massage session for the individual needs of the client. Our therapists are always willing to adjust the treatments based on the client's instruction and feedback. This guarantees that every client receives the treatment they expect.
By offering a variety of massage services, our Ajman Spa Massage Center can tackle physical, mental, and emotional illnesses. In addition, efficient identification of specific health conditions and designing treatment plans accordingly can significantly enhance the quality of massaging.
At Malayali Kerala Spa Ajman, we firmly believe that everyone should have the option to experience top-quality massage services regularly. To achieve that goal we offer cheap massage services in Ajman.
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Enhancing Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Precision with Preoperative CT and MRI Im...Pristyn Care Reviews
Precision becomes a byword, most especially in such procedures as hip and knee arthroplasty. The success of these surgeries is not just dependent on the skill and experience of the surgeons but is extremely dependent on preoperative planning. Recognizing this important need, Pristyn Care commits itself to the integration of advanced imaging technologies like CT (Computed Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) into the surgical planning process.
Fit to Fly PCR Covid Testing at our Clinic Near YouNX Healthcare
A Fit-to-Fly PCR Test is a crucial service for travelers needing to meet the entry requirements of various countries or airlines. This test involves a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID-19, which is considered the gold standard for detecting active infections. At our travel clinic in Leeds, we offer fast and reliable Fit to Fly PCR testing, providing you with an official certificate verifying your negative COVID-19 status. Our process is designed for convenience and accuracy, with quick turnaround times to ensure you receive your results and certificate in time for your departure. Trust our professional and experienced medical team to help you travel safely and compliantly, giving you peace of mind for your journey.www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
India Home Healthcare Market: Driving Forces and Disruptive Trends [2029]Kumar Satyam
According to the TechSci Research report titled "India Home Healthcare Market - By Region, Competition, Forecast and Opportunities, 2029," the India home healthcare market is anticipated to grow at an impressive rate during the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to several factors, including the rising demand for managing health issues such as chronic diseases, post-operative care, elderly care, palliative care, and mental health. The growing preference for personalized healthcare among people is also a significant driver. Additionally, rapid advancements in science and technology, increasing healthcare costs, changes in food laws affecting label and product claims, a burgeoning aging population, and a rising interest in attaining wellness through diet are expected to escalate the growth of the India home healthcare market in the coming years.
Browse over XX market data Figures spread through 70 Pages and an in-depth TOC on "India Home Healthcare Market”
https://www.techsciresearch.com/report/india-home-healthcare-market/15508.html
Digital Health in India_Health Informatics Trained Manpower _DrDevTaneja_15.0...DrDevTaneja1
Digital India will need a big trained army of Health Informatics educated & trained manpower in India.
Presently, generalist IT manpower does most of the work in the healthcare industry in India. Academic Health Informatics education is not readily available at school & health university level or IT education institutions in India.
We look into the evolution of health informatics and its applications in the healthcare industry.
HIMMS TIGER resources are available to assist Health Informatics education.
Indian Health universities, IT Education institutions, and the healthcare industry must proactively collaborate to start health informatics courses on a big scale. An advocacy push from various stakeholders is also needed for this goal.
Health informatics has huge employment potential and provides a big business opportunity for the healthcare industry. A big pool of trained health informatics manpower can lead to product & service innovations on a global scale in India.
As Mumbai's premier kidney transplant and donation center, L H Hiranandani Hospital Powai is not just a medical facility; it's a beacon of hope where cutting-edge science meets compassionate care, transforming lives and redefining the standards of kidney health in India.
The Ultimate Guide in Setting Up Market Research System in Health-TechGokul Rangarajan
How to effectively start market research in the health tech industry by defining objectives, crafting problem statements, selecting methods, identifying data collection sources, and setting clear timelines. This guide covers all the preliminary steps needed to lay a strong foundation for your research.
"Market Research it too text-booky, I am in the market for a decade, I am living research book" this is what the founder I met on the event claimed, few of my colleagues rolled their eyes. Its true that one cannot over look the real life experience, but one cannot out beat structured gold mine of market research.
Many 0 to 1 startup founders often overlook market research, but this critical step can make or break a venture, especially in health tech.
But Why do they skip it?
Limited resources—time, money, and manpower—are common culprits.
"In fact, a survey by CB Insights found that 42% of startups fail due to no market need, which is like building a spaceship to Mars only to realise you forgot the fuel."
Sudharsan Srinivasan
Operational Partner Pitchworks VC Studio
Overconfidence in their product’s success leads founders to assume it will naturally find its market, especially in health tech where patient needs, entire system issues and regulatory requirements are as complex as trying to perform brain surgery with a butter knife. Additionally, the pressure to launch quickly and the belief in their own intuition further contribute to this oversight. Yet, thorough market research in health tech could be the key to transforming a startup's vision into a life-saving reality, instead of a medical mishap waiting to happen.
Example of Market Research working
Innovaccer, founded by Abhinav Shashank in 2014, focuses on improving healthcare delivery through data-driven insights and interoperability solutions. Before launching their platform, Innovaccer conducted extensive market research to understand the challenges faced by healthcare organizations and the potential for innovation in healthcare IT.
Identifying Pain Points: Innovaccer surveyed healthcare providers to understand their difficulties with data integration, care coordination, and patient engagement. They found widespread frustration with siloed systems and inefficient workflows.
Competitive Analysis: Analyzed competitors offering similar solutions in healthcare analytics and interoperability. Identified gaps in comprehensive data aggregation, real-time analytics, and actionable insights.
Regulatory Compliance: Ensured their platform complied with HIPAA and other healthcare data privacy regulations. This compliance was crucial to gaining trust from healthcare providers wary of data security issues.
Customer Validation: Conducted pilot programs with several healthcare organizations to validate the platform's effectiveness in improving care outcomes and operational efficiency. Gathered feedback to refine features and user interface.
India Medical Devices Market: Size, Share, and In-Depth Competitive Analysis ...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Medical Devices Market Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition, Opportunity and Forecast, 2019-2029,” the India Medical Devices Market was valued at USD 15.35 billion in 2023 and is anticipated to witness impressive growth in the forecast period, with a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 5.35% through 2029. This growth is driven by various factors, including strategic collaborations and partnerships among leading companies, a growing population, and the increasing demand for advanced healthcare solutions.
Recent Trends
Strategic Collaborations and Partnerships
One of the most significant trends driving the India Medical Devices Market is the increasing number of collaborations and partnerships among leading companies. These alliances aim to merge the expertise of individual companies to strengthen their market position and enhance their product offerings. For instance, partnerships between local manufacturers and international companies bring advanced technologies and manufacturing techniques to the Indian market, fostering innovation and improving product quality.
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COMBI - a toolkit for social communication in fighting NCDs
1. COMBI: A TOOLKIT FOR SOCIAL
COMMUNICATION IN FIGHTING NCDs
DR AZIZAHAB MANAN
Public Health Physician
Senior PrincipalAssistant Director Of Health
(Non Communicable Disease Control)
Penang State Health Department
8th National Public Health Conference, 2- 4th August 2016 , Hotel Equatorial,Melaka
2. COMBI TRAINING IN PENANG, 23rd Sept– 2nd Oct 2015
Facilitator: Dr Everold Hosein (Ph.D), WHO Consultant
3. Outline
Trend Of NCDs & its Challenges
What is COMBI
Why DoWe Need COMBI
Is COMBI a Good investment ?
8th National Public Health Conference
4. Introduction
Non Communicable diseases account for a growing number of health burdens
on families, communities and governments in Malaysia.
NHMS(up to 2015) reported increasing in NCDs trend over the years
11.6
15.2
17.5
7.0
7.2
8.3
4.5
8.0
9.2
4.2
4.9 4.7
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
NHMS III (2006) NHMS 2011 NHMS 2015
Prevalence(%)
Prevalence of Diabetes, ≥18 years
(2006, 2011, 2015)
Total diabetes Known Undiagnosed IFG
8th National Public Health Conference
5. Prevalence of obesity and overweight, ≥18 years
4.5
14
15.1
17.7
16.6
29.1 29.4 30
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1996 2006 2011 2015
Prevalence(%)
obesity overweight
8th National Public Health Conference
6. NCDs burden responsible for up to 60% of all deaths,
80% are in low- and middle-income countries
4 major noncommunicable diseases:
Cardiovascular disease
Cancer
Chronic Respiratory disease
Diabetes
5 shared preventable risk factors:
Tobacco use
Obesity
Unhealthy diet
Physical inactivity
Harmful use of alcohol
Chronic
Respiratory
Diseases
Cardiovascular
Disease
Diabetes Cancer
Harmful use
of alcohol
Obesity
Unhealthy
diets
Smoking
Physical
inactivity
Other NCDs
8th National Public Health Conference
NCDs Burden
7. Prevention and Control of NCDs
Many different approaches have been useful in the past, ranging from health
education to development support communication for social mobilization
Numerous health campaigns over the years ( eg: healthy lifestyles campaign
including anti smoking, 10 thousand steps etc)
While there have been some successes, there also been enormous frustration at
not being able to achieve more at a faster rate
As a consequences, public health programmes struggle along -with minimal
behavioural impact
8th National Public Health Conference
8. Life and ‘style’ of millions is pushed like
powerful flood waters
Our response is like a broken canoe with 3 people trying
to stop the Tsunami – the risk behaviours
Sporadic small initiatives
10. Challenges in Reducing NCDs burden
Are we in the right tract?
NCD prevention and control depends on people carrying out very specific behaviours:
putting less salt in the food one eats,
exercising at least three times per week,
eating a balanced diet, eating less,
checking one’s blood pressure, checking one’s diabetes status, not smoking, and the list goes on.
If we fail to get people adopting and carrying out these behaviours, we will fail to make a difference to
NCD.
We cannot get people adopting and carrying out these behaviours unless we intimately and purposefully
engage them in considering the merits of recommended behaviours.
Someone has to Do something; it is not enough to be aware, or motivated, or persuaded. Knowing what
to do and actually doing it are quite different things.
We need to now not only focus on giving awareness and knowledge , need to do more!
11. Was adopted byWHO since 2000,
Has its roots in private sector consumer communication and Integrated Marketing Communication
COMBI emphasises on :
Sharp focus on achieving specific behavioural outcomes and not only informing and educating the
public. Go beyond increasing awareness and knowledge
Offers a 10-Step process
Begins with community-based behavioural research or known as situational market analysis for
communication keys (SMA-CK) and then applies a synchronised, integrated blend of
communication actions to the task of engaging people about the merits of recommended
behaviours.
Social mobilization with a behavioural bite:
Mobilization directed at the task of mobilizing all societal and personal influences with the aim
of prompting individual and family action with respect to specific healthy behaviours.
What is Communication
for Behavioural Impact- COMBI?
12. 8th National Public Health Conference
COMBI
COM= Communication, B –Behavioural, I=Impact
(Not Behavioural Change –but Behavioural Maintenance as ultimate result)
COMBI QUERY
HOW COME PEOPLE KNOW BUT DON’T ACT?
HOW COME WE BUILD SERVICES BUT
PEOPLE DON’T COME?
THE REALISATION:
KNOWING WHAT TO DO IS DIFFERENT FROM DOING IT (yet we persist with communication
for awareness and education.)
WAYS OF BRIDGING THIS KNOWELDGE/ACTION GAP
13. 10 STEPS : COMBI
10 step process for developing an integrated and synchronized communication
plan aiming to achieve significant behavior impact
Implementation, Monitoring And Evaluation, Budgeting
Step 6: Management
And Implementation
Of COMBI
Step 7: Monitoring
Implementation
Step 8: Assessment Of
Behavioural Impact
Step 9:
Implementation Plan
Schedule
Step 10 :The Budget
The Communication Strategy and COMBI Plan of Action
Step 4:The Overall Strategy For
AchievingThe Stated Behavioural
Result (Restate the SBO)
Step 5:The COMBI INTEGRATED PLAN
IdentifyingThe Behavioural Objectives ( Critical Steps )
Step 1:The Overall Goal
Step 2:The Behavioural
Objectives
Step 3: Conduct Situational
Market Analysis for
CK(SMACK)
14. 3 IMPORTANT PRINCIPLES IN COMBI
(Three life episodes and lessons learned by the COMBI founder )
3 COMBI
foundational
principles
CONNECT
MINDFUL OF
THE
COMPETITOR
LISTEN
8th National Public Health Conference
15. Connect
Connect to the
individual’s need, want,
or desire and not focus
just on the technical
merits of recommended
behaviours
Our recommended behaviours
may be technically fantastic but
unless individuals see these
behaviours as connected to
what is of value to them, they
will remain understood but not
adopted.
8th National Public Health Conference
16. The public is thinking:
What's in it for me?
One of the most
important aspects
of marketing is to
give your customers
a reason to buy your
products / services
8th National Public Health Conference
17. Deep understanding of why the competitor is preferable
More sensitive engagement with people as we offer the value of recommended behaviours
What are your products and services?
What are their benefits?
How do they differ from competitors’ product and services ?
8th National Public Health Conference
Mindful of the Competitor
Who are the Competitor??
The alternative behaviour or non-behaviour
(no action)
more appeal to the individual than what we
are recommending!
18. LISTEN :
Listening to individuals, families
and the community
Tells us whether our behavioural
recommendations are realistic
and appropriate.
It is in listening to people
that we Learn !
-how they wish to be engaged
-how to connect the action to
their life
-how to offer in a more realistic
way what at first seems
unrealistic
Listen
8th National Public Health Conference
19. Do nothing…. make no posters/phamplets , no t-shirts, no
videos, etc… do nothing,
until one has set out sharp, specific, precise behavioural
goals or objectives
Prevents the rush into the production of “IEC” (information-education-communication) materials such
as T-shirts and posters and pamphlets, without first thinking through the relevance of these materials
to the behavioural outcome desired.
These materials may or may not be needed; but this decision turns on how these items serve the
behavioural objective(s). And that calls for a clear statement of expected behavioural results at the
very start.
To make it precise and sharp , apply:
• The 4 + 1 Ws
Who will do What, Where, When,
….and, by the way, Why?
• SMART
S = Specific
M= Measurable
A= Appropriate
R= Realistic
T= Time-bound
8th National Public Health Conference
Planning Principle 1: COMBI Mantra #1:
20. Penang COMBI KOSPEN:
Step 1: Overall Goal
To decrease morbidity and mortality due to chronic non-
communicable diseases (primarily cardiovascular
diseases, hypertension, diabetes), linked to obesity, poor
nutrition, and inadequate physical activity in Penang
21. STEP 2: STATE TENTATIVE SPECIFIC BEHAVIOURAL OBJECTIVE(SBOS)
The entire COMBI Plan turns on
this specification of expected
behavioural outcomes
It would be best to limit our
focus and restrict oneself to
one fundamental behavioural
objective at a time.
At most, no more than three
related behavioural goals .
The more precise and specific the
behavioural objective, the better
the impact
In tackling too many desired behavioural outcomes, we may very well end up, like butterflies, flitting
from one flower to the next, but not accomplishing very much by the end of a year . We would
have worked hard and have been well intentioned but in attempting to do too much, we achieve little.
Research over the years have shown that people have enormous difficulty in recalling more than
three themes or messages from a communication presentation
8th National Public Health Conference
22. Do nothing….
make no posters, no t-shirts, no videos, etc…do
nothing …until one has carried out a Situational
“market” analysis (SMA) in relation to preliminary
behavioural goals/objectives.
Why the Situational Market Analysis (SMA)?
To discover the Communication Keys (CK) which would enable
engaged communication with the “consumer” to facilitate consideration
of the suggested behaviour.
SMA = LISTEN TO THE CUSTOMER
8th National Public Health Conference
Planning Principle 2: COMBI Mantra #2:
23. The Situational “Market” Analysis for
Communication Keys (SMACK)
SMACK is essential to understand the desired behaviour from the
perspectives of the “consumer”.
SMACK will prompt one to examine those reasons why people do or
do not accept a recommended health behaviour
Critical step in acquiring an understanding of the desired behavioural
result from the perspective of the “consumer
8th National Public Health Conference
24. First, we Hear about the new behavior
then, we become Informed about it
and later Convinced that it is worthwhile.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In time, we make the Decision to do something about our conviction
and later we take A ction on the new behavior
We await next Re-confirmation that our action was a good one
and if all is well, we M aintain the behavior
HIC-DARM Analysis: GETTING THE BEHAVIORAL RESULT
TO ASSESS THE CURRENT SITUATION : knowledge levels, attitudes, current behaviours, behavioural trends.
HOW COME PEOPLE KNOW BUT DON’T ACT?
HOW COME WE BUILD SERVICES BUT PEOPLE DON’T COME?
KNOWING
DOING
25. Anthropological-type Research
DILO (Day in the Life Of) Analysis
MILO (Moment in the Life Of) Analysis
TOMA (Top of the Mind) Analysis
Armchair—sit and think
Research by walking around, then sit and think
In-depth interviews
Focus Group Research: Homogeneous, small groups,
questionnaire guide, open-ended questions.Usually one issue – in private sector: shape of bottle;
screw top. Bias in interviewers if health staff. Note non-verbal cues. Caution with focus groups
Force Field Analysis ,SWOT Analysis:Strengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities,Threats
Primary sources (Survey/ Quantitative/Qualitative Research)
Secondary sources/Secondary Analysis
8th National Public Health Conference
SMA involves listening to people and learning about their perceptions on
recommended behaviour(s) through tools such as :
Tools for the Situational Marketing Analysis-
Market research
26. DILO (Day in the Life Of)
Learn the behaviour of the day. To examine the daily activities of those we wish to engage
to identify the communication contact points
MILO (Moment in the Life Of)
Is the behaviour feasible, realistic, trial .To examine the difficulties/steps involved in
carrying out the recommended behaviour
TOMA (Top of the Mind Analysis)
What is the first thing they think / top of their mind that relate to the behavior.
To explore people’s perception and immediate association with the behaviour
8th National Public Health Conference
Tools for the Situational Marketing Analysis
27. PRODUCT
C1 : Consumer’s
Need/Want/Desire
We do not sell a
service/behaviour
We offer a solution to
your Need/Want/Desire
We do not create
Needs/Wants/Desires;
We respond to what is
there; if latent, we bring
to the top-of-the mind.
Explore TOMA
PRICE
C 2 : Cost
in relation to benefit @
value and in relation to
the Competitors
Not just price; but time,
effort, etc.
–Reducing cost by
incentives affects
cost/value ratio
–Increasing value by
branding affects
cost/value
Explore MILO
PLACEMENT
C 3 : Convenience
to get product or service
or to carry out behaviour.
what alternative
behaviours serve as
competitors to the
recommended behaviour
Explore The DILO
PROMOTION
C4: Communication
Integrated, Engaged
Communication Using the
Five-Point Star Blend of
Communication
Interventions
Integrated Marketing Communication
The 4 C’s – Consumer Need analysis to get the DARM
28. HICDARM confronts a major challenge in behaviour adoption: How come we
know what to do but we don’t do?
The Four Cs offer some answers to that query:
We fail to connect to the first C, the Consumer’s Need/Want/Desire
We fail, with the second C, Cost, to engage the consumer in a fresh review of the
Costs vs. value calculation
We fail, with the third C, Convenience, to show how feasible it is to carry out the
behaviour.
We fail, with the fourth C, Communication, to engage via an integrated, synchronised,
blend of communication actions with regard to the first three Cs.
HICDARM AND THE FOUR Cs
“We have a great product/service/behaviour in response to your
need/want/desire (C1) at a wonderful cost/value ratio (C2) and easily
available (C3).”
30. 6%
9%
12%
13%
20%
16%
24%
Hear Informed Convinced Decision Action Re-confirm Maintain
Have heard but now
needs to be informed
Now needs to be
convinced
-that is worthwhile
Need to be triggered/
encouraged to Decide
to do something
about the behaviour
Need to be
prompted to Act
Have acted and now
need to have action
Re-confirmed
Need to be encouraged
to maintain the
behaviour
Psychographic market segmentation:
NOSA analysis: target groups, priority market segments.
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Have yet to hear about the
behavior eg: 10000 steps
33. To have within a period of 12 months from the start of this COMBI
programme, 25% of individuals age 18 and older (approximately 330,000 of
1.3 million in this age group) who are not now engaged in “High Physical
Activity” (HPA) to carry out Brisk Meditative Walking” (BMW) every other
day for one session of 30 minutes (BMW 30) which is about 3000 steps
or an accumulated 30 minutes (meaning two 15-minute sessions
(approximately 1500 steps per session) or three 10- minute sessions,
approximately 1000 steps per session) for three separate periods of 21
days within the first year of this COMBI Plan, OR carrying out some
other kind of equivalent Vigorous Physical Activity of their choosing in
the same time period,
Step 4: Restate Specific Behavioural
Objective (SBOs)
34. Example : SBO
To have 50% (800,000 women) of all women giving birth
inVietnam during the 12 month period of December
2010 and November 2011 (projected to be 1.6 million
women giving birth) “exclusively breast feed” their baby
for a period of six months from within one hour of
birth to the end of the first six months, meaning that they
feed the baby nothing else but breast milk, not even water,
no other liquids, no infant formula, and no other food but
breast milk.This behaviour, for the moment, will be
referred to as EB6 Behaviour. It will be later re-branded.
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35. Behavioural Theme
Branding
✔ BMW 30
Brisk Meditative Walking
Just 30 minutes.
All at once. Or 3 x 10-minutes, Or 2 x 15 minutes
Every other day – 21 days – Just 5 weeks
And then add two more 21 day sessions
Be Healthy, Look Good, Feel Good
36. Branding
✔ BMW 30
Rebranding: Cabaran AKTIF21 hari
Hanya 30 minit
Sekali gus atau 3 x 10-minit, atau 2 x 15 minit
Minima selang sehari selama – 21 hari – hanya 5 minggu
Ulangi sekurang kurangnya 2 lagi pusingan selama 21 hari
Cergas tubuh dan minda , lebih tenaga untuk segalanya….
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37. 1. Public Relation/Advocacy/Administrative Mobilization:
Highlighting the particular behaviour on the public and administrative/programme
management agenda via various key channels such as mass media, news coverage, official
memoranda, community leaders agenda, capacity building etc…
2. Community Mobilization:
group meeting, partnership, traditional media, road shows, leaflets, posters, home visits,
community research etc
3. Sustained appropriate advertising:
M-RIP-Massive, Repetitive, Intense, Persistent via mass media, engaging with people. Six Hits:
To truly engage the consumer, strive for “six hits” per day for five days per week for three
weeks. Six flights per year (minimum 3 x /year) – Key media channel
4. Personal Selling/Interpersonal communication/Counselling:
At community level at service points, door to door. Use SHAPE to communicate
( sincere/sensitive, humorous/ honest , attentive/articulate, proficient, empathetic, enthusiatic)
and other personal counselling principles.
5. Point of service promotion : Accessible and readily available solutions to health problems
Step5: The COMBI INTEGRATED PLAN
(Using the Communication Keys – arising from the smacking activity and outline the communication
strategy
38. COMBI’s Five Integrated Communication Actions
A COMMUNICATION MODEL: MS.CREFS
M ESSAGE
S. OURCE
C HANNEL
R ECEIVER
E FFECT
FEEDBACK
SETTING
what media/channels are most popular and most influential;
what traditional media are used;
who would be credible sources of information;
what media would provide useful triggers and prompts to action;
how does information and influence flow in communities and families;
are there local marketing, advertising, public relations agencies, etc. Relating to MS.CREFS
39. Syncronised, Strategic, Integrated—everything
with a behavioural hook.
M-RIP: Massive, Repetitive, Intense, Persistent
Six Hits: To truly engage the consumer, strive
for “six hits” per day for five days per week for
three weeks.
Six flights per year : minimum 3 x /year
Not Cheap
COMBI’s Five Integrated
Communication Actions
41. Where is COMBI being Applied ( Ref: WHO,2004)
Health
Programme
Countries Where COMBI
Planning and Implementation are taking Place
Dengue Belize (planning), Brazil (planning), Cambodia (pre-implementation), Costa Rica (pre-implementation),
Cuba (planning), Dominican Republic (pre-implementation), El Salvador (planning), Guatemala (implementing),
Honduras (planning), Indonesia (pre-implementation), Lao People’s Democratic Republic (implementing), Malaysia
(implemented 2001), Myanmar (pre-implementation), Nicaragua (implementing), Panama (planning), Philippines
(planning),Thailand (planning)
HIV/AIDS Moldova (planning), Sudan (planning), Ukraine (planning)
Leprosy India (implemented 2002), Mozambique (implementing)
Lymphatic
Filariasis
India (implemented 2002,2003), Kenya (implemented 2002, 2003) Myanmar (planning), Nepal(implemented 2003),
Philippines (implemented 2003), Sri Lanka (implemented 2002, 2003), Tanzania (planning), Uganda (planning),
Zanzibar (implemented 2001, 2002, 2003)
Malaria Afghanistan (pre-implementation), Ghana (pre-planning), Sudan (pre-implementation), Uganda (planning)
TB Bangladesh (planning), India (implementation), Kenya (implementation)
42. How can one tell if COMBI works?
COMBI’s impact is defined by the behavioural results specified from the very outset. Once these
have been established, the social science research methods of tracking surveys, sample surveys, field
observation and in-depth interviewing allow for measuring the achievement of specific behavioural
results
The essential pre-requisite, however, for measuring impact is having clear behavioural outcomes as
programme goals
In Johor Bahru, Malaysia, a three-month COMBI Programme resulted in 85% of
households in sampled areas carrying out the desired behavioural task over a 12-week
period.Three months later, 70% were still maintaining the checks
COMBI has also supported over 40 million people to participate in Mass Drug Administrations,
motivating over 75% of entire populations to prevent lymphatic filariasis in 6 COMBI-supported
countries. Sri Lanka and Kenya both attained over 80% of the total populations, meaning that over
90% of those eligible for treatment had complied
In the state of Bihar, India, COMBI contributed to early case detection of leprosy through improving
the number of people selfreporting at clinics.The proportion of skin cases attending clinics rose by
69% with the number of female skin cases rising by 73%
43. Leprosy: skin cases attending clinics increased by 69%
Skin cases (women) attending clinics increased by 73%
Leprosy control, Bihar State, India
Over 6,000,000 people targeted
Key behaviours:“Check your skin for early signs of
leprosy” and “Seek early diagnosis”
Campaign was M-RIP:
200,000 posters, 84 radio spots, 41
newspaper advertisements (in concentrated
flights)
68 vehicles used for community mobilisation over
3 days
400,000 school children took home worksheets
3,000 banners and dangler flags at service centres,
22,000 badges worn by staff
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44. Moldova COMBI : To promote positive mother and child health @
antenatal/Child care behaviours as part of a United Nations Children's
Fund (UNICEF)/Ministry of Health and Social Protection campaign
69%
32%
62%
59%
81%
76%
88%
91%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Seeing a doctor in the first
12 weeks of pregnancy
Taking folic acid in the first
12 weeks of pregnancy
Taking iron tablets for at
least 2 months during
pregnancy
Knowledge of danger signs
Before
After
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45. Is COMBI a good investment?
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COMBI’s investment value
lies in the following:
• Social mobilization will be
strategically targeted
• Existing resources will be
better utilized
• The true constraints and
problems affecting
behavioural outcomes will
be in greater understanding
• Encouraging public-private
sectors partnerships
• Give more value for money ,
should be able to sustained
if done in a proper way …..
46. Conclusion
COMBI incorporates the many lessons of the past 50 years of health education
and communication in behaviourally-focused, people–centered strategy
Its methodology effectively integrates health education, community
mobilization, consumer communication techniques and market research,All
directed sharply and smartly to specific, precise behavioural outcomes in
health
It can be used as an effective communication tools to reduce NCDs and its
risk factors
So remember …….
Connect, listen, be mindful of the competitor and DO NOTHING
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47. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT & References
Dr. Everold N. Hosein (Ph.D), Senior Communication Advisor-Consultant, World
Health Organization (WHO) and Communication Consultant to UNICEF, UNFPA,
and UNDP
Mobilizing For Action – COMBI , WHO Mediterranean Centre for Vulnerability
Reduction(WMC), Tunis
National Health Morbidity Survey 2015 report , Institute for Public Health (IKU)
Training on Strategic Health Communication Planning: Applying WHO’s
Communication for Behavioural Impact(COMBI) Planning Methodology for
Behavioural Results in Health ( Focus on NCD), Penang 28th Sept – 2nd October
2015
COMBI – Sharing Countries initiative (internet link)
For more information on how COMBI may be applied to behavioural goals in promoting healthy
behaviours, please contact email: socmob@who.int