This document summarizes chapters from a book on performance management. It discusses defining performance and choosing a measurement approach. Performance is defined as both behaviors/actions and results/products. Determinants of performance include abilities/traits, knowledge/skills, and context. Common performance dimensions are task performance, contextual performance, adaptive performance, and counterproductive performance. Approaches to measuring performance include the behavior approach, results approach, and trait approach. The behavior approach emphasizes how employees perform their jobs, while the results approach emphasizes outcomes. Choosing an approach depends on factors like the link between behaviors and results.
Part ii system implementation chapter 4 defining performance amit657720
This document discusses fluency instruction and assessment. It covers four main categories of fluency instruction: independent silent reading, assisted reading, repeated oral reading, and integrated fluency instruction. Assisted reading methods include teacher-assisted reading, peer-assisted reading, and audio-assisted reading. Repeated oral reading involves rereading texts to build automaticity and fluency through methods like timed reading, partner reading, and readers' theater. The document also discusses assessing fluency through measures of accuracy, rate, and prosody using tools like curriculum-based measurement of oral reading fluency.
BUSI 4940.001 Summer 5 Week 1 Class 1 Welcome.docxhumphrieskalyn
BUSI 4940.001 Summer 5 Week 1
Class 1: Welcome to our class!
1
A tough, challenging course
But so is management…and LIFE!
Identify and address strategic issues
Ambiguous, complex real-world issues
“Choice”, not solutions and answers
Five broad objectives:
Think – integrate; open; synthesis
Process – organized analysis & argument
Tools - mechanics
Communication – written/verbal
Teams – leverage for benefit; handle diversity
Not everyone wants to get into Management
General Overview
Name
Major
Something interesting -some suggestions----
about your work e.g. “I’m a bungee-jumping cord tester…”
About your family/home e.g. “I have 3 pet iguanas and 1 kangaroo”
About your hobbies/interests e.g. “I invented the internet.”
Syllabus
Blackboard Learn
Clickers – set up/test
CHANNEL 61
I’ve used clickers before
Yes
No
What’s a clicker?
I aspire to a management career
Yes
No
Not sure yet
Definition
A concrete expression of how an organization intends to compete and win in the marketplace
Strategy expressed in terms of
Goals
Product Focus and Market Focus
Value Proposition
Core Activities
What is Strategy?
Note the rising levels of risk, investment, uncertainty of implications, and time-frames as you move down the list below . . .
Choosing a cereal for breakfast
Making a withdrawal at the ATM
Purchasing an iPad
Purchasing a car
Sun-bathing
Getting an education
Being Strategic
They involve major investments
They have long-term implications, often in multiple areas
They often involve high levels of risk/uncertainty
The Nature of Strategic Actions
Remember that any action can be viewed as being strategic, depending on your frame of reference.
In the business context, your challenge is to think like the CEO, President or, General Manager of the organization, not as a VP of a functional area like Finance Marketing, Human Capital, etc. . . . ., and delineate those actions that are truly “strategic” from those that are “functional.”
The Nature of Strategic Actions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q96pCI8aOQQ
Which of these actions typically involve “strategic” decisions
for an organization?
Altering the products/services offered by the organization
Altering the markets serviced by the organization
Altering the way the organization creates value for its customers
Streamlining customer-service procedures
Increasing the size of the sales-force
Improving payment terms with buyers.
Switching to a different ERP-platform provider
Hiring a new marketing manager
On Being Strategic . . .
Which of these actions typically involve “strategic” decisions
for an organization?
Altering the products/services offered by the organization
Altering the markets serviced by the organization
Altering the way the organization creates value for its customers
Streamlining customer-service procedures
Increasing the size of the sales-force
Improving payment terms with buyers.
Switching to a different ERP ...
1. The chapter discusses performing an internal assessment of a company, including analyzing the company's resources, management, marketing, finance, production, and management information systems.
2. It describes the Resource-Based View theory that a company's internal resources are more important for competitive advantage than external factors.
3. Checklists are provided to help evaluate the strengths and weaknesses within each functional area as part of developing an internal strategic assessment.
The document discusses the ROI (return on investment) methodology for evaluating coaching programs. It provides an overview of the ROI process, which generates data on reaction, learning, application, business impact, ROI, and intangible benefits. The methodology involves collecting data at multiple levels to determine the impact and ROI of coaching programs. Examples of objectives for evaluating coaching programs at different levels are also provided.
Chapter 3 performance management and strategic planningcopysodhi3
The document discusses strategic planning and performance management. It defines strategic planning as a process to describe an organization's destination, assess barriers, and select approaches. The goals are to allocate resources to provide a competitive advantage and serve as a blueprint for how the organization will pursue its objectives. An effective strategic plan includes the organization and unit missions, visions, objectives, and strategies. It also requires job descriptions aligned with these elements. The HR function plays a critical role by communicating the strategic plan and outlining needed skills. Performance management should link to the strategic plan using a balanced scorecard approach.
Part ii system implementation chapter 4 defining performance amit657720
This document discusses fluency instruction and assessment. It covers four main categories of fluency instruction: independent silent reading, assisted reading, repeated oral reading, and integrated fluency instruction. Assisted reading methods include teacher-assisted reading, peer-assisted reading, and audio-assisted reading. Repeated oral reading involves rereading texts to build automaticity and fluency through methods like timed reading, partner reading, and readers' theater. The document also discusses assessing fluency through measures of accuracy, rate, and prosody using tools like curriculum-based measurement of oral reading fluency.
BUSI 4940.001 Summer 5 Week 1 Class 1 Welcome.docxhumphrieskalyn
BUSI 4940.001 Summer 5 Week 1
Class 1: Welcome to our class!
1
A tough, challenging course
But so is management…and LIFE!
Identify and address strategic issues
Ambiguous, complex real-world issues
“Choice”, not solutions and answers
Five broad objectives:
Think – integrate; open; synthesis
Process – organized analysis & argument
Tools - mechanics
Communication – written/verbal
Teams – leverage for benefit; handle diversity
Not everyone wants to get into Management
General Overview
Name
Major
Something interesting -some suggestions----
about your work e.g. “I’m a bungee-jumping cord tester…”
About your family/home e.g. “I have 3 pet iguanas and 1 kangaroo”
About your hobbies/interests e.g. “I invented the internet.”
Syllabus
Blackboard Learn
Clickers – set up/test
CHANNEL 61
I’ve used clickers before
Yes
No
What’s a clicker?
I aspire to a management career
Yes
No
Not sure yet
Definition
A concrete expression of how an organization intends to compete and win in the marketplace
Strategy expressed in terms of
Goals
Product Focus and Market Focus
Value Proposition
Core Activities
What is Strategy?
Note the rising levels of risk, investment, uncertainty of implications, and time-frames as you move down the list below . . .
Choosing a cereal for breakfast
Making a withdrawal at the ATM
Purchasing an iPad
Purchasing a car
Sun-bathing
Getting an education
Being Strategic
They involve major investments
They have long-term implications, often in multiple areas
They often involve high levels of risk/uncertainty
The Nature of Strategic Actions
Remember that any action can be viewed as being strategic, depending on your frame of reference.
In the business context, your challenge is to think like the CEO, President or, General Manager of the organization, not as a VP of a functional area like Finance Marketing, Human Capital, etc. . . . ., and delineate those actions that are truly “strategic” from those that are “functional.”
The Nature of Strategic Actions
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q96pCI8aOQQ
Which of these actions typically involve “strategic” decisions
for an organization?
Altering the products/services offered by the organization
Altering the markets serviced by the organization
Altering the way the organization creates value for its customers
Streamlining customer-service procedures
Increasing the size of the sales-force
Improving payment terms with buyers.
Switching to a different ERP-platform provider
Hiring a new marketing manager
On Being Strategic . . .
Which of these actions typically involve “strategic” decisions
for an organization?
Altering the products/services offered by the organization
Altering the markets serviced by the organization
Altering the way the organization creates value for its customers
Streamlining customer-service procedures
Increasing the size of the sales-force
Improving payment terms with buyers.
Switching to a different ERP ...
1. The chapter discusses performing an internal assessment of a company, including analyzing the company's resources, management, marketing, finance, production, and management information systems.
2. It describes the Resource-Based View theory that a company's internal resources are more important for competitive advantage than external factors.
3. Checklists are provided to help evaluate the strengths and weaknesses within each functional area as part of developing an internal strategic assessment.
The document discusses the ROI (return on investment) methodology for evaluating coaching programs. It provides an overview of the ROI process, which generates data on reaction, learning, application, business impact, ROI, and intangible benefits. The methodology involves collecting data at multiple levels to determine the impact and ROI of coaching programs. Examples of objectives for evaluating coaching programs at different levels are also provided.
Chapter 3 performance management and strategic planningcopysodhi3
The document discusses strategic planning and performance management. It defines strategic planning as a process to describe an organization's destination, assess barriers, and select approaches. The goals are to allocate resources to provide a competitive advantage and serve as a blueprint for how the organization will pursue its objectives. An effective strategic plan includes the organization and unit missions, visions, objectives, and strategies. It also requires job descriptions aligned with these elements. The HR function plays a critical role by communicating the strategic plan and outlining needed skills. Performance management should link to the strategic plan using a balanced scorecard approach.
This document provides an agenda and materials for a workshop on "Selling Social (e.g., Enterprise Collaboration Tools) to the Suits". The workshop aims to help participants build a business case for collaboration by addressing common criticisms, demonstrating ROI, and envisioning success. Presenters Sara Roberts and Leah Reynolds will discuss aligning initiatives with executive priorities, mapping requirements for a solid business case, and measuring adoption and impact. Participants will practice defining problems, goals, and ROI hypotheses. The session concludes with advice on countering resistance, identifying influencers, and conducting immersion sessions for executives.
This document provides an overview of a strategic planning and policy analysis course. The 3 main points are:
1) The course aims to teach students how to analyze an organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in order to formulate strategic plans and goals.
2) Students will learn how to think strategically about a company and its business position to gain a competitive advantage.
3) Strategic planning involves analyzing where a company currently stands, where it wants to be in the future, and how it will get there.
This document discusses methods for measuring corporate performance, including the balanced scorecard and stakeholder measures. It outlines the advantages and limitations of each. The balanced scorecard takes a holistic view across four perspectives: learning and growth, internal business processes, customers, and financials. It aims to align business activities with organizational strategy but can fail if not properly communicated. Stakeholder measures evaluate performance based on key stakeholder groups' priorities but balancing different stakeholders' interests can be challenging. The document provides an in-depth examination of these two approaches to corporate performance assessment.
The document outlines an organization's strategic plan to advance membership value, governance, and finance over three goals. Goal I focuses on defining and marketing membership value through educational opportunities, an improved website, certification programs, and an inclusive membership. Goal II centers on governance restructuring and policies to enhance operations. Goal III aims to provide financial transparency and training to sections through reporting, credit monitoring, and an RFP process. Key outcomes are identified under each goal related to services, technology, recognition, and administration.
The document provides an overview of benchmarking and the benchmarking process. It defines benchmarking as measuring an organization's products, services, and practices against industry leaders to find best practices. The benchmarking process involves 4 phases - plan, data collection, implementation, and tracking. The plan phase includes selecting processes to benchmark, identifying metrics, and selecting benchmarking partners. The data collection phase involves gathering internal data and from partners. The implementation phase is developing an action plan to close performance gaps. The tracking phase is monitoring implementation effectiveness and continually looking for improvements. The goal of benchmarking is ongoing process improvement by finding and adopting superior practices of top performers.
Performance Impact is a learning and development company that specializes in customized training programs around leadership, team performance, and service responsiveness. It provides blended learning solutions using case studies, simulations, and e-learning modules. Some of its programs include Managing@Merck, which is a three-month leadership development program used across Merck in multiple countries and languages. Performance Impact uses proprietary tools and methods to design, deliver, and measure the effectiveness of its customized learning solutions.
The document discusses change management fundamentals and frameworks. It defines change management, outlines why it is important for project success, and describes common challenges of change initiatives. It then details Navigate's change management framework, which includes leadership alignment, communications, organizational alignment, training, and change readiness activities to deliver sustainable outcomes. The framework focuses on understanding unique business needs, designing customized solutions, and delivering long-term impacts.
The document discusses concepts and frameworks for analyzing a firm's internal environment and resources. It covers topics like distinctive competencies, the resource-based view, value chain analysis, benchmarking, and the internal factor evaluation matrix. The overall aim is to help firms understand their internal strengths and weaknesses so they can develop sustainable competitive advantages.
In this SlideShare, Richardson discusses how your organization can implement an ongoing measurement approach that encompasses real-time collection of data rather than solely relying on the traditional approach of surveying “before and after.” The slides show you that a continuous feed of analytics creates data-driven insights for sales professionals, sales managers, and learning leaders about what’s working and where a course correction may be necessary.
Strategic management involves analyzing the internal and external environment of an organization, formulating strategies to achieve long-term goals, implementing those strategies, and evaluating performance. It integrates functions across the organization to establish strategic vision, focus on priorities, and understand a rapidly changing environment. The strategic management process includes environmental scanning, strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation of organizational performance and strategies.
Age of Alignment: Linking Compensation & Business StrategyPearl Meyer
We’ve entered a new era, with evolving responsibilities for the Board of Directors. Today, the “review and concur” role is no longer sufficient. This is true from a regulatory and compliance perspective, and it’s also true as companies must be prepared for the challenge of fast, frequent, and often disruptive market forces. Recently, the NACD released its Blue Ribbon Commission report on Strategy Development. Among many important findings and recommendations, it states that providing necessary strategic direction requires a new level of ongoing Board engagement. A key question posed for Boards to evaluate their processes is “Does our incentive structure reinforce or unintentionally undermine the chosen strategy?”
Today, our discussion will be lead by two members of the Blue Ribbon Commission. Greg Lau, of RSR Partners and a member of the Board of NACD, as well as Steven Van Putten, managing director and office head from Pearl Meyer & Partners’ Boston location. We will also be joined by consultant Michael Ng from Pearl Meyer and Partners.
Benchmarking is the systematic process of searching for and implementing best practices from other organizations. It involves understanding your own performance, studying high-performing competitors or similar organizations, and using what you learn to improve processes. There are three main types of benchmarking: internal, competitive, and process benchmarking. The benchmarking process involves deciding what to benchmark, understanding your current performance, planning a benchmarking study, collecting data on others' performance, learning from that data, and implementing findings through goal-setting and action plans. Benchmarking is an effective improvement tool but must be properly implemented and not seen as a substitute for innovation.
Benchmarking is an ongoing process involving industries from all walks of life and all categories of production
The principle is that no company is 100% perfect, and if you continuously search for better solutions, you will improve your efficiency and become an exceptional company, which can later form a benchmark for similar companies.
Benchmarking is a legal activity. Because benchmarking has been applied in a formal fashion (following strict rules) to all manner of technical and administrative procedures. There is legal authorities on information exchanges ( major area of antitrust concern applicable to benchmarking )
The document discusses SAP's use of learning analytics and a data-driven strategy for measuring learning outcomes. It provides examples of metrics SAP uses, such as employee engagement, retention rates, and progression. It also discusses how SAP partners with performance consulting and data science teams to govern data, define metrics aligned with business goals, and conduct time-series analyses to predict learning program impacts and inform strategy. The overall aim is to quantify the impact and value of learning using metrics and drive priorities and decisions about learning programs.
Strategic performance management involves aligning employee performance with organizational goals. It is a proactive partnership between employees and management. Performance management helps improve individual and team performance to deliver sustained organizational success. Strategic performance management provides frameworks and indicators to help formulate strategy, allow strategic insights, and inform strategic decision making. Key frameworks include the balanced scorecard and performance prism. Performance indicators should be relevant, clearly defined, and drive progress toward objectives. Targets provide measurable marks of achievement aligned with objectives. Strategic performance management is crucial for effective organizational development and growth.
The document outlines the strategic planning process and key concepts in strategic management. It discusses the following:
1. The strategic planning process involves analyzing internal/external factors, generating goals/plans, evaluating alternatives, selecting goals/plans, implementing, and monitoring performance.
2. Strategic planning determines long-term goals and strategies while tactical and operational planning focus on medium-term and short-term goals.
3. A company develops strategy by analyzing strengths/weaknesses and opportunities/threats to gain a competitive advantage in its industry.
The document presents a web maturity model framework to assess the maturity levels of web properties and guide their evolution. It discusses existing maturity models and outlines the goals and components of the proposed web maturity model. These include categorizing companies and web properties, identifying key inputs and outputs, and developing a methodology, assessment tools and governance templates to evaluate properties and guide them to higher levels of maturity. The model aims to provide a standardized, benchmarking approach to measure web excellence and a roadmap for strategic planning and success.
The document discusses linking a CEO's strategic plan to a board's ends policies in Policy Governance. It provides an overview of strategic planning and how a CEO can interpret the board's ends policies to develop strategic objectives, a business model, outputs, organizational design, and operational plans. An example is provided of how a hypothetical retailer "Mall Mart" could structure its strategic plan by interpreting the board's ends around financial conditions. The document emphasizes that a CEO's role is to translate the board's broad ends policies into specific, measurable definitions and plans to achieve the intended outcomes.
Strategic management is the process by which companies determine their long-term goals and how to achieve them. It involves environmental scanning, strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. The key aspects of strategic management are setting a mission and objectives, analyzing internal and external factors, developing corporate and business unit strategies, implementing programs and budgets, and monitoring performance. Strategic management helps companies focus their efforts and adapt to changing market conditions.
Pick an Apollo Mission that went to the Moon. Some mission only orb.docxssuser562afc1
Pick an Apollo Mission that went to the Moon. Some mission only orbited the Earth. Discuss the geological preparation that the astronuats had to complete on Earth and how they applied this to their explorations on the Moon. List three instances of preparation in the first paragraph of seven to eight sentences. And then list three applications in a second paragraph of seven to eight sentences. Use four sources: two library and two web resrouces.
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Pick a topic from data.gov that has large number of data sets on wide variety from healthcare to education, climate to public safety.
Pick a topic and Explore the possibilities of downloading the data, use any data visualization tool to create meaning information and visualizations.
Need 1-2 Pages documentation.
.
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Similar to Part II System ImplementationChapter 4 Defining Performance .docx
This document provides an agenda and materials for a workshop on "Selling Social (e.g., Enterprise Collaboration Tools) to the Suits". The workshop aims to help participants build a business case for collaboration by addressing common criticisms, demonstrating ROI, and envisioning success. Presenters Sara Roberts and Leah Reynolds will discuss aligning initiatives with executive priorities, mapping requirements for a solid business case, and measuring adoption and impact. Participants will practice defining problems, goals, and ROI hypotheses. The session concludes with advice on countering resistance, identifying influencers, and conducting immersion sessions for executives.
This document provides an overview of a strategic planning and policy analysis course. The 3 main points are:
1) The course aims to teach students how to analyze an organization's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in order to formulate strategic plans and goals.
2) Students will learn how to think strategically about a company and its business position to gain a competitive advantage.
3) Strategic planning involves analyzing where a company currently stands, where it wants to be in the future, and how it will get there.
This document discusses methods for measuring corporate performance, including the balanced scorecard and stakeholder measures. It outlines the advantages and limitations of each. The balanced scorecard takes a holistic view across four perspectives: learning and growth, internal business processes, customers, and financials. It aims to align business activities with organizational strategy but can fail if not properly communicated. Stakeholder measures evaluate performance based on key stakeholder groups' priorities but balancing different stakeholders' interests can be challenging. The document provides an in-depth examination of these two approaches to corporate performance assessment.
The document outlines an organization's strategic plan to advance membership value, governance, and finance over three goals. Goal I focuses on defining and marketing membership value through educational opportunities, an improved website, certification programs, and an inclusive membership. Goal II centers on governance restructuring and policies to enhance operations. Goal III aims to provide financial transparency and training to sections through reporting, credit monitoring, and an RFP process. Key outcomes are identified under each goal related to services, technology, recognition, and administration.
The document provides an overview of benchmarking and the benchmarking process. It defines benchmarking as measuring an organization's products, services, and practices against industry leaders to find best practices. The benchmarking process involves 4 phases - plan, data collection, implementation, and tracking. The plan phase includes selecting processes to benchmark, identifying metrics, and selecting benchmarking partners. The data collection phase involves gathering internal data and from partners. The implementation phase is developing an action plan to close performance gaps. The tracking phase is monitoring implementation effectiveness and continually looking for improvements. The goal of benchmarking is ongoing process improvement by finding and adopting superior practices of top performers.
Performance Impact is a learning and development company that specializes in customized training programs around leadership, team performance, and service responsiveness. It provides blended learning solutions using case studies, simulations, and e-learning modules. Some of its programs include Managing@Merck, which is a three-month leadership development program used across Merck in multiple countries and languages. Performance Impact uses proprietary tools and methods to design, deliver, and measure the effectiveness of its customized learning solutions.
The document discusses change management fundamentals and frameworks. It defines change management, outlines why it is important for project success, and describes common challenges of change initiatives. It then details Navigate's change management framework, which includes leadership alignment, communications, organizational alignment, training, and change readiness activities to deliver sustainable outcomes. The framework focuses on understanding unique business needs, designing customized solutions, and delivering long-term impacts.
The document discusses concepts and frameworks for analyzing a firm's internal environment and resources. It covers topics like distinctive competencies, the resource-based view, value chain analysis, benchmarking, and the internal factor evaluation matrix. The overall aim is to help firms understand their internal strengths and weaknesses so they can develop sustainable competitive advantages.
In this SlideShare, Richardson discusses how your organization can implement an ongoing measurement approach that encompasses real-time collection of data rather than solely relying on the traditional approach of surveying “before and after.” The slides show you that a continuous feed of analytics creates data-driven insights for sales professionals, sales managers, and learning leaders about what’s working and where a course correction may be necessary.
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Today, our discussion will be lead by two members of the Blue Ribbon Commission. Greg Lau, of RSR Partners and a member of the Board of NACD, as well as Steven Van Putten, managing director and office head from Pearl Meyer & Partners’ Boston location. We will also be joined by consultant Michael Ng from Pearl Meyer and Partners.
Benchmarking is the systematic process of searching for and implementing best practices from other organizations. It involves understanding your own performance, studying high-performing competitors or similar organizations, and using what you learn to improve processes. There are three main types of benchmarking: internal, competitive, and process benchmarking. The benchmarking process involves deciding what to benchmark, understanding your current performance, planning a benchmarking study, collecting data on others' performance, learning from that data, and implementing findings through goal-setting and action plans. Benchmarking is an effective improvement tool but must be properly implemented and not seen as a substitute for innovation.
Benchmarking is an ongoing process involving industries from all walks of life and all categories of production
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The document outlines the strategic planning process and key concepts in strategic management. It discusses the following:
1. The strategic planning process involves analyzing internal/external factors, generating goals/plans, evaluating alternatives, selecting goals/plans, implementing, and monitoring performance.
2. Strategic planning determines long-term goals and strategies while tactical and operational planning focus on medium-term and short-term goals.
3. A company develops strategy by analyzing strengths/weaknesses and opportunities/threats to gain a competitive advantage in its industry.
The document presents a web maturity model framework to assess the maturity levels of web properties and guide their evolution. It discusses existing maturity models and outlines the goals and components of the proposed web maturity model. These include categorizing companies and web properties, identifying key inputs and outputs, and developing a methodology, assessment tools and governance templates to evaluate properties and guide them to higher levels of maturity. The model aims to provide a standardized, benchmarking approach to measure web excellence and a roadmap for strategic planning and success.
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Strategic management is the process by which companies determine their long-term goals and how to achieve them. It involves environmental scanning, strategy formulation, implementation, and evaluation. The key aspects of strategic management are setting a mission and objectives, analyzing internal and external factors, developing corporate and business unit strategies, implementing programs and budgets, and monitoring performance. Strategic management helps companies focus their efforts and adapt to changing market conditions.
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3) Do they have sociolinguistics?
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PHYS 102
“In the Real World” Discussion Topics
You may choose your topic of discussion*, provided it is germane to the concepts covered in this module.
Construct an engaging 3-paragraph initial post that ties one or more of the module’s concepts to the real world. The paragraphs should address the following points:
· Paragraph 1: Outline a general definition and description of the physics concepts/topics you have chosen to discuss*, referencing this week’s readings on the topics, as appropriate. Include descriptive features (as applicable) about the physics concepts – dependent factors, relevant terminology, conventions, common units of measure, etc.
· Paragraph 2: Summarize one or more impacts of the physics concept(s) to everyday life or aviation operations.
· Paragraph 3: You have two options for this paragraph:
1) Provide a real example, from an article or documented report (aircraft performance, incidents or accidents, for example), of the aviation impact of this physics concept.
2) Give us “your take” on the relevance and importance of this topic from your own perspective, by providing personal points of view or related experiences.
*Consider the following as good topic “starters” for discussion:
· What were your “Aha!” moments as you worked through the material?
· How does this module's content relate to your professional career? Personal life?
· How does this module's content relate to current events?
· Did you more deeply explore a topic only covered lightly in the course materials? What did you discover?
· What concepts (learning objectives) did you struggle with? What resources helped you overcome this hurdle?
NOTE: you may use one or more of the above (but not all) as primers to formulate your initial discussion post.
Page | 64
Page | 85
(
BSBMGT517
Manage operational plan
Learner Guide
)
Table of Contents
Table of Contents2
Unit of Competency5
Performance Criteria6
Foundation Skills7
Assessment Requirements9
Housekeeping Items10
Objectives10
1. Develop operational plan11
1.1 – Research, analyse and document resource requirements and develop an operational plan in consultation with relevant personnel, colleagues and specialist resource managers12
What is an operational plan?12
Research, analyse and document resource requirements14
Activity 1A17
1.2 – Develop and/or implement consultation processes as an integral part of the operational planning process18
Consultation processes18
Feedback19
Activity 1B20
1.3 – Ensure the operational plan includes key performance indicators to measure organisational performance22
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)22
How to write a Key Performance Indicator22
Activity 1C24
1.4 – Develop and implement contingency plans for the operational plan25
Contingency plans25
Steps for creating a contingency plan25
Activity 1D29
1.5 – Ensure the development and presentation of proposals for resource requirements is supported by a variety of information sources and seek specialist advice as required.
Photosynthesis and Cellular RespirationCellular respiration .docxssuser562afc1
Cellular respiration and photosynthesis are critical cyclic processes that support life on Earth. Photosynthesis uses sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and oxygen in chloroplasts. Cellular respiration in mitochondria uses glucose and oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP. These interdependent processes are linked to specific organelles and have been vitally important to the evolution and diversity of life through their cyclic interaction of matter and energy transfer.
Philosophy of Inclusion Research SupportIt is not enough to simp.docxssuser562afc1
Philosophy of Inclusion Research Support
It is not enough to simply feel a personal obligation to include students with disabilities within general education environments. Sometimes, being a special education teacher involves persuading others to see the benefits of inclusion as well as how it can be successfully implemented to create a safe and positive learning environment to promote the well-being of students with disabilities.
Use the "Philosophy of Inclusion Research Support Template" to complete this assignment.
Support your findings with a minimum of three scholarly resources.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines (TEMPLATE ATTACHED).
.
The use of teams in organizations has grown exponentially in recent decades due to increased competition. Teams are more popular because they can better utilize employee talents, be more flexible and responsive to change, and help motivate employees by increasing participation in decision making. The chapter aims to analyze the popularity of teams, contrast different types of teams and groups, identify characteristics of effective teams, and determine when individuals should be used instead of teams.
Physical Assessment Reflection Consider your learning and gr.docxssuser562afc1
This document provides instructions for a presentation on learning from completing assessments in Shadow Health. Students are asked to discuss insights gained by assessing a virtual patient named Tina Jones, a 28-year-old female diagnosed with asthma, dehydration, wound infection, and a penicillin allergy. The presentation should have a title page, reference page, cite a minimum of two scholarly sources, follow APA style guidelines, and contain 8 to 10 slides including title and reference slides that follow the Rule of 7 for slide content.
The story describes Little Bear making birthday soup for his friends when Mother Bear is absent on his birthday. Little Bear puts carrots, potatoes, peas and tomatoes in a pot to make soup. His friends Hen, Duck and Cat arrive and are invited to share the soup. Just as they begin eating, Cat notices Mother Bear arriving with a birthday cake. Little Bear is happy and surprised to receive the cake after enjoying his homemade birthday soup.
Philosophy 2582 - Media Ethics Paper 1 (Noam Chomsky) .docxssuser562afc1
Philosophy 2582 - Media Ethics: Paper 1 (Noam Chomsky)
June 17, 2018 by 11:59pm
*Policy on Late Papers
I will accept your paper within one week of the due date but in this case I may not have
time to provide extensive feedback.
Papers submitted on time will be marked and returned within two - three weeks of submission.
If you have a good reason for submitting your paper after the deadline please let me know in
advance. You may be asked to provide a doctor’s note or other support documentation.
Instructions
1. Submit this paper through the Dropbox feature of the course. To access this, click on
Dropbox in the grey, horizontal menu near the top of the screen.
2. Ideally, the paper should be submitted as a file in RTF or Microsoft Word format.
Please do not submit files in WordPerfect (.wpd) or Microsoft Works (.wps) format since I will
have a hard time opening these files. If you use one of these programs, please convert your file to
RTF or Word format. You should also avoid PDF files since I need to be able to insert comments
into your paper.
3. Please include your name in the title of the file you submit (i.e., the file should be called
something like “JohnSmithEthicsPaper.doc”).
4. Please read the policy on late assignments (above) carefully.
Length: 1500 - 2000 words
Topic
If it is helpful, you can divide your paper into different sections.
Watch the Documentary Manufacturing Consent Noam Chomsky and the Media. Here is the
link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eBhBfa6gK60
What, according to Chomsky, is manufactured consent, and what role does the media play in
manufacturing it? Discuss with reference to two (or more, if you like) pieces of current news
media (either print media or image/video based.
What is intellectual self-defense? What are some of the ways we can foster our own intellectual
self-defense? You may find the article “The Importance of Intellectual Self-Defense” – found in
the Readings and Assignments area – helpful with this section of your paper.
In your paper, please briefly address why these issues are ethical in nature. Part 1 of Unit 1 will
be helpful here.
Secondary Sources
Please use ONE outside text source on Chomsky in this assignment (scholarly article either
online or from a journal in the library - text, interview, etc.) Please do not use Chomsky himself
– but another writer/theorist. This is to help you understand some of the concepts involved here,
and also to help you understand that Chomsky’s views are often challenged.
Writing Advice
1. Never underestimate the importance of structure. Consider preparing an
outline of your paper either before you write it or when you are in the process of revising
it. If you can't give a clear, step-by-step breakdown of what you're trying to accomplish in
the paper, it's probably not a very good paper. You should also remember the importance
of a good, clear introduction a.
Pick a large company you like. Find their Statement of Cash Flow.docxssuser562afc1
Pick a large company you like. Find their Statement of Cash Flows on their latest annual report, (not a summary, but the actual financial statement).
Describe the three sections of cash flows and what they involve.
For each section, tell us the total amount, if it is positive or negative, and analyze what each one tells you about the company.
Upon studying its statement of cash flows, what does this combination of cash flows suggest to you about the firm?
Is there any additional information that you would like to see to better understand this company? If so, what?
.
Philosophy 7 Asian Philosophy (Fall 2019) Paper Guidelines .docxssuser562afc1
Philosophy 7: Asian Philosophy (Fall 2019)
Paper Guidelines
1
Paper #3: Chinese Philosophy
You may choose to write about either Confucianism (A) or Daoism (B).
(A) Confucianism: Kongzi (Confucius) or Mengzi (Mencius)
Choose a passage from one of the primary Confucian texts that we read: The Analects or
The Mengzi. Whatever you choose, you must confine your essay to one of our authors’
texts: either Confucius’ Analects or Mencius’ Mengzi. You may choose any passage you
like but you may only write within the context of one of the two thinkers.
and
Analyze and explain it as thoroughly and precisely as you can, staying close to the text
of the author you choose (using its terminology, following its reasoning, etc.). This point
is important: refer to, quote, paraphrase, and cite Confucius’ or Mencius’ text—his words, his
terms, his explanations, his examples, etc.—to aid your explanation of the idea. The closer you
stay to the text, the clearer your explanation will be.
(B) Daoism: Laozi or Zhuangzi
Choose a passage from one of the primary Daoist texts that we read: The Daodejing or
The Zhuangzi. Whatever you choose, you must confine your essay to one of our authors’
texts: either Laozi’s Daodejing or Zhuangzi’s Zhuangzi. You may choose any passage you
like but you may only write within the context of one of the two thinkers.
and
Analyze and explain it as thoroughly and precisely as you can, staying close to the text
of the author you choose (using its terminology, following its reasoning, etc.). This point
is important: refer to, quote, paraphrase, and cite Laozi’s or Zhuangzi’s text—his words, his
terms, his explanations, his examples, etc.—to aid your explanation of the idea. The closer you
stay to the text, the clearer your explanation will be.
Note on Daoism: Remember that these specific texts are notoriously opaque and
mysterious, and their purpose seems to be, quite explicitly in some cases, to effect an
experiential change in thinking on the part of the reader. So, if you choose this option, give
yourself time to let the text affect you and wash over you. It is common that the sense of
particular passages vacillates and shifts as one reads them again and again. So try—
without trying, of course (i.e., in a wu wei fashion)—to give yourself ample room to
maneuver within the text’s mysterious spaces, as Zhuangzi’s butcher’s blade
maneuver’s freely within the heavenly contours of the ox’s carcass.
Philosophy 7: Asian Philosophy (Fall 2019)
Paper Guidelines
2
In these papers, I want you to try to capture the essence of what you choose. You might
imagine that what you are trying to do is teach someone what passage means within the
context of Confucianism or Daoism.
I am looking for in-depth and detailed analysis/explanation.
Paper Details
Due Date
SUNDAY, May 3rd on Canvas by MIDNIGHT
Paper Length
At least 3 full pages of text (“full” beginning.
PIC.jpg
a.zip
APA.ppt
APA Style--Review
College of Business and Organizational Leadership
*
Why APA style?
Allows readers to cross-reference sources
Provides a consistent standard across program
Gives the student credibility as a writer and protection from plagiarism
Help students be more critical consumers of the information they read and select
*
American Psychological AssociationFormed in 1928 by editors and business managers of anthropological and psychological journalsGoal of developing consistency in formatting material
Format basics
Margins: One inch on all sides (top, bottom, left, right)
Font Size and Type: 10-12-pt. font (Times Roman, Courier, or Arial are acceptable typefaces)
Spacing: Double-space throughout the paper,
Alignment: Flush left (creating uneven right margin)
Paragraph Indentation: 5-7 spaces
Pagination: The page number appears one inch from the right edge of the paper on the first line of every page
*
HeadingsLevel 1:
Centered Upper- and Lowercase HeadingLevel 2:
Centered, Italicized, Upper and Lowercase HeadingLevel 3:
Flush Left, Italicized, Upper and Lowercase Side HeadingLevel 4:
Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period.
*
Headings
Example of 2 levels:
Management Styles
Authoritative
Example of 3 levels:
Management Styles
Authoritative
Taylor’s Carrot vs. Stick Method
*
Superscript #’s indicate heading level
Citing summariesSummarizing: condensing and restating another’s ideas in your own wordsExample:
Smith has written an entire book on how much she enjoys using APA format.
Smith (2003) explains that APA is fun.
APA is fun (Smith, 2003).Summarized information needs to be cited in both the text and the reference page
*
Citing paraphrasesParaphrasing: restating another’s ideas in your own wordsExample:
Smith’s direct quote on page 28 is as follow: “Using APA is great fun.”
Smith (2003) explains that APA is fun (p. 28).
APA is fun (Smith, 2003, p. 28).Paraphrased information needs to be cited in both the text and the reference page
*
Citing quotesUse block quotes when citing 40 or more words in a row
Wu (2002) has found self-fulfillment through APA:
APA citations have solidified my purpose and direction in life. Reading the Publication manual has helped me find structure and order in my chaotic, postmodern existence. As an instructor, one of my greatest joys is sharing this sense of order with others. (p. 174)WARNING: Avoid over-using block quotes in papers. Keep quotations, especially block quotes, to a minimum. Instead, use summaries and paraphrases whenever possible.
*
In-text citations
A direct quote… (Bradley, 1998, p.276).
Paraphrasing with one author (Bradley, 1998).
…with two authors… (Bradley & Calhoun, 1998).
…with three to five authors
(1st time only) (Bradley, Calhoun, Davis & Fitch, 1998).
…with three to five authors
(followi.
This document discusses the importance of relationships in infant and toddler development. It explains that early development occurs through interactions between infants and their caregivers. Positive relationships form the foundation for social, emotional, and cognitive learning. The quality of caregiver-child relationships and interactions significantly impacts development. Establishing trust is a key part of infant development according to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.
Phase 3 Structured Problem Solving ProcessStep 1: Define the Problem
1. Develop/Implement Cycle Inventory
2. Develop software automation
a. Demand Forecasting
b. Cycle Inventory
c. Simulation
3. Create Benchmark of SCM
a. PlantronicsStep 2: Create a Plan
1. Develop/Implement Cycle Inventory
a. Reasons for Cycle Inventory
b. Context of SC Network and SC Stages
c. Best forecasted demand
d. Calculate Cycle Inventory and other values (Enter Formulas for each into Spreadsheet)
e. Graphically show Theia’s Cycle Inventory
2. Develop Software Automation
a. Automate Demand Forecasting in Visual Basic
b. Automate Cycle Inventory in Visual Basic
c. Show simulation of Software Module of Theia Vision’s Cycle Inventory/Demand Forecasting
3. Develop a Benchmark of SCM against PlantronicsStep 3: Execute the Plan
Following contents are the plan in execution.[1] - Cycle Inventory
Advantages/Reasons for Theia Having a Cycle Inventory
· Average amount inventory used to satisfy demand between shipments → allows Theia to take advantage of economies of scale
· Allows Theia to minimize total inventory costs
· Theia should keep the cycle inventory as low as possible to save money on shipping and storage of inventory costs. → key aspect to maximize profit
· Facilitates the balance of supply and demand for Theia’s products by allowing SPC to satisfy customer demand based on forecasts
· Implementing optimal quantity of inventory to receive from suppliers per each shipment/order allows Theia to minimize holding cost of inventory and transportation cost
· Overall, having a cycle inventory will allow SPC to reduce costs, therefore maximizing their profits
Context of Theia’s Supply Chain
Theia’s Supply Chain Network
Theia Vision’s Best Forecasted Demand for Year 4 (Winter’s Method)
Year
Annual Demand
Period
Forecast
1
578,166
1
15099
2
96110
3
182443
4
284514
2
1,492,695
5
219828
6
330269
7
416538
8
526060
3
2,365,871
9
359812
10
535437
11
659850
12
810772
4
2,504,131
13
499278
14
616411
15
662682
16
725260
Cycle inventory is the average inventory needed to meet customer demand between the order time and when the supply arrives.
Costs are part of the equation due to inventory storage expenses.
⇒ Therefore, we need to know the annual demand of our product as well as the material cost, shipping cost, and holding cost:
Demand (D) = Annual demand (obtained through forecasting) Year 4
2,504,131 Smart Glasses
Cost (C) = Price paid by the manufacturer to the supplier for 1 unit of supply
$300
Inventory holding cost (h%) = cost of holding $1 of inventory for 1 year.
0.1
Fixed Ordering Cost (S) = cost of placing the order and labor for receiving.
$3000
Lot Size (Q) = Number of units in 1 lot of shipment (quantity per shipment)
QL*= √
QL* = √
QL* =12920.6
The amount Theia should load onto each truck is about 12,920.6 Smart Glasses per shipment to minimize total cost based on forecasted demand for year 4. (Efficiency)
Cycle Inventory
QL*.
Phil 2101 Final PaperGuidelines Approximately 5 pages, doubl.docxssuser562afc1
Phil 2101: Final Paper
Guidelines: Approximately 5 pages, double spaced, 1” margins, 12 pt. font, to be submitted in hard copy at the time of the final exam.
In explaining each author’s respective arguments, you should use quotes from the text, to justify your attributions. However, no outside sources should be used.
No, bibliography is required, however, you should note in parentheses the page on which the quoted material is found (in either edition of the text).
Ex: Nagel claims that arguing that evil is only the absence of good will not help to dispel the problem, for “facts are not altered or abolished by rebaptizing them” (p. 91).
At least one page of the paper should be dedicated to your defense of the final question of each option.
Option 1: Are there rational grounds for belief in God despite the existence of evil? Critically
evaluate Nagel's argument for atheism against Swinburne's theodicy. Does Swinburne provide a sufficient response to the problem of evil in your view? Why or why not? Defend your answer.
Option 2: Are human beings free and responsible agents? Weigh the argument for hard
determinism (discussed by Ayer) against either Ayer or Frankfurt's soft determinist response and the libertarian argument posed by Taylor. Who has the best argument, in your view, and why? Defend your answer.
Option 3: Mill alleges that morally correct actions are those that result in the greatest happiness for all affected? Is this true? Consider the objections to utilitarianism raised by the problem cases in Williams's "Critique of Utilitarianism" and/or the so-called Trolley Problem. Are these real problems for the theory or does the Utilitarian get the answer right even in these difficult cases? Defend your answer.
NOTE: All papers submitted in hard copy are scanned and uploaded in .pdf format to TurnItIn for archiving and plagiarism detection purposes. It is your responsibility to review the university guidelines on plagiarism prior to submission. Plagiarism will result in an automatic F for the class and initiation of BC disciplinary proceedings. DON’T RISK IT!
.
Perspectives on WarInstructionsAnalyze After watching .docxssuser562afc1
Perspectives on War
Instructions:
Analyze: After watching the news clip about the first Gulf War, analyze the points made in the news clip and answer the following questions:
How do Americans know about the Gulf War, in which very few Americans actually took part?
How do people know about experiences and events outside of their own individual reality?
How are the perspectives of each of the primary groups involved represented to members of that group and to people outside of that group?
How does the media dictate and define what people believe about the world outside of their own?
What role does the media play in constructing, refining, and perpetuating a specific narrative according to the people who profit from these conflicts?
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
AL Jazeera is funded in whole or in part by the qateri government
Instructions:
Please post 1 peer response
In the response post, include the following:
Share something that you have seen in your life which seems different from other people's perceptions
How does social media dictate and define what people believe about the world outside of their own?
How does social media filter the different perspectives you are exposed to by only showing you things that you are interested in?
Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
Reference
Al Jazeera English. (2011, January 8).
The listening post – Selling the first Gulf War
[Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/cx_VQf4eOQQ
AL Jazeera is funded in whole or in part by the qateri government
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cx_VQf4eOQQ&feature=emb_logo
.
pestle research for chile bolivia paraguay uruguay .docxssuser562afc1
pestle research for
chile
bolivia
paraguay
uruguay
argentina
from an ecommerce point of you.
should they invest and expand into these countries?
use the pestle analysis method and give me the countries with the research under them
use valid and fresh sources
the first draft is attached which you do not have to use.
i need details and specific information
.
Pg. 04Question Four Assignment 2Deadline Saturd.docxssuser562afc1
Pg. 04
Question Four
Assignment 2
Deadline: Saturday 21/03/[email protected] 23:59
[Total Mark for this Assignment is 5]
E-Portals Development
IT405
College of Computing and Informatics
Question One
1.5 Mark
Learning Outcome(s):
Evaluate the effectiveness of portals.
Content proxy is a web service on your server that can fetch data from external URLs and return it to the browser. How does the proxy improve the load time for users?
Question Two
1.5 Marks
Learning Outcome(s):
Recognize the main elements of portals development.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using HTTP POST for web service calls?Question Three
1 Mark
Learning Outcome(s):
Recognize the main elements of portals development.
What is the full form of LINQ? Explain LINQ to SQL. Question Four
1 Mark
Learning Outcome(s):
Evaluate the effectiveness of portals
What are the advantages of combining multiple Ajax calls into one call? Write any TWO.
.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
4. Company Spotlight
Sprint uses five core dimensions to define what successful
performance looks like
Both task and contextual performance are measured
Includes:
Employees write behavioral examples of how they have
performed on each dimension
Employees are evaluated not only on results, but also on how
they are achieved through working with others
27. Implications for Addressing Performance Problems
Managers need information to accurately identify source(s) of
performance problems
Performance management systems must…
35. Voice Behavior
Behavior that emphasizes expression of constructive challenge
with the goal to improve rather than merely criticize
Challenges the status quo in a positive way
Makes innovative suggestions for change
Recommends modifications to standard procedures
40. Examples of adaptive performance
Handling emergencies
Solving problems creatively
Dealing with uncertain and unpredictable work situations
Demonstrating interpersonal adaptability
53. 41
Performance Management
Third Edition
Herman Aguinis
Kelley School of Business
Indiana University
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper
Saddle River
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich
Paris Montreal Toronto
56. Preface viii
Acknowledgments xiii
Dedication xiv
About the Author xiv
PART I Strategic and General Considerations 1
Chapter 1 Performance Management and Reward Systems in
Context 1
1.1 Definition of Performance Management (PM) 2
1.2 The Performance Management Contribution 4
1.3 Disadvantages/Dangers of Poorly Implemented PM Systems
8
1.4 Definition of Reward Systems 10
1.4.1 Base Pay 10
1.4.2 Cost-of-Living Adjustments and Contingent Pay 11
1.4.3 Short-Term Incentives 11
1.4.4 Long-Term Incentives 11
1.4.5 Income Protection 12
1.4.6 Work/Life Focus 13
1.4.7 Allowances 13
1.4.8 Relational Returns 13
1.5 Aims and Role of PM Systems 14
1.5.1 Strategic Purpose 15
1.5.2 Administrative Purpose 16
1.5.3 Informational Purpose 16
1.5.4 Developmental Purpose 16
1.5.5 Organizational Maintenance Purpose 16
1.5.6 Documentational Purpose 17
1.6 Characteristics of an Ideal PM System 18
1.7 Integration with Other Human Resources and Development
57. Activities 23
1.8 Performance Management Around the World 24
� CASE STUDY 1-1: Reality Check: Ideal Versus Actual
Performance
Management System 28
� CASE STUDY 1-2: Performance Management at Network
Solution
s, Inc. 31
� CASE STUDY 1-3: Distinguishing Performance Management
Systems from
Performance Appraisal Systems 32
Chapter 2 Performance Management Process 37
2.1 Prerequisites 38
2.2 Performance Planning 46
2.2.1 Results 46
2.2.2 Behaviors 46
2.2.3 Development Plan 47 iii
58. iv Contents
2.3 Performance Execution 48
2.4 Performance Assessment 49
2.5 Performance Review 50
2.6 Performance Renewal and Recontracting 52
� CASE STUDY 2-1: Job Analysis Exercise 55
� CASE STUDY 2-2: Disrupted Links in the Performance
Management Process
at “Omega, Inc.” 55
� CASE STUDY 2-3: Performance Management at the
University of Ghana 56
Chapter 3 Performance Management and Strategic Planning 59
3.1 Definition and Purposes of Strategic Planning 60
3.2 Process of Linking Performance Management to the
Strategic
Plan 61
3.2.1 Strategic Planning 65
3.2.2 Developing Strategic Plans at the Unit Level 74
3.2.3 Job Descriptions 76
3.2.4 Individual and Team Performance 77
59. 3.3 Building Support 79
� CASE STUDY 3-1: Evaluating Vision and Mission
Statements at Pepsico 82
� CASE STUDY 3-2: Dilbert’s Mission Statement Generator 83
� CASE STUDY 3-3: Linking Individual with Unit and
Organizational
Priorities 84
� CASE STUDY 3-4: Linking Performance Management to
Strategy at
Procter & Gamble 84
PART II System Implementation 87
Chapter 4 Defining Performance and Choosing a Measurement
Approach 87
4.1 Defining Performance 88
4.2 Determinants of Performance 89
4.2.1 Implications for Addressing Performance Problems 90
4.2.2 Factors Influencing Determinants of Performance 91
60. 4.3 Performance Dimensions 91
4.4 Approaches to Measuring Performance 95
4.4.1 Behavior Approach 95
4.4.2 Results Approach 96
4.4.3 Trait Approach 99
� CASE STUDY 4-1: Diagnosing the Causes of Poor
Performance 101
� CASE STUDY 4-2: Differentiating Task from Contextual
Performance 102
� CASE STUDY 4-3: Choosing a Performance Measurement
Approach at
Paychex, Inc. 102
� CASE STUDY 4-4: Deliberate Practice Makes Perfect 103
Chapter 5 Measuring Results and Behaviors 106
5.1 Measuring Results 107
5.1.1 Determining Accountabilities 107
Contents v
61. 5.1.2 Determining Objectives 109
5.1.3 Determining Performance Standards 111
5.2 Measuring Behaviors 112
5.2.1 Comparative Systems 115
5.2.2 Absolute Systems 118
� CASE STUDY 5-1: Accountabilities, Objectives, and
Standards 126
� CASE STUDY 5-2: Evaluating Objectives and Standards 126
� CASE STUDY 5-3: Measuring Competencies at the
Department of
Transportation 127
� CASE STUDY 5-4: Creating BARS-Based Graphic Rating
Scales for
Evaluating Business Student Performance in Team Projects 128
Chapter 6 Gathering Performance Information 130
6.1 Appraisal Forms 131
6.2 Characteristics of Appraisal Forms 137
6.3 Determining Overall Rating 140
6.4 Appraisal Period and Number of Meetings 143
6.5 Who Should Provide Performance Information? 146
62. 6.5.1 Supervisors 146
6.5.2 Peers 146
6.5.3 Subordinates 147
6.5.4 Self 148
6.5.5 Customers 149
6.5.6 Disagreement Across Sources: Is This a Problem? 149
6.6 A Model of Rater Motivation 150
6.7 Preventing Rating Distortion Through Rater Training
Programs 153
� CASE STUDY 6-1: Evaluating an Appraisal Form Used in
Higher Education 157
� CASE STUDY 6-2: Judgmental and Mechanical Methods of
Assigning
Overall Performance Score at The Daily Planet 162
� CASE STUDY 6-3: Minimizing Intentional and Unintentional
Rating Errors 164
� CASE STUDY 6-4: Minimizing Biases in Performance
Evaluation at Expert
Engineering, Inc. 165
Chapter 7 Implementing a Performance Management System
63. 168
7.1 Preparation: Communication, Appeals Process, Training
Programs, and Pilot Testing 169
7.2 Communication Plan 170
7.3 Appeals Process 174
7.4 Training Programs for the Acquisition of Required Skills
176
7.4.1 Rater Error Training 177
7.4.2 Frame of Reference Training 180
7.4.3 Behavioral Observation Training 181
7.4.4 Self-Leadership Training 182
7.5 Pilot Testing 184
7.6 Ongoing Monitoring and Evaluation 185
vi Contents
7.7 Online Implementation 188
� CASE STUDY 7-1: Implementing a Performance Management
Communication Plan at Accounting, Inc. 192
64. � CASE STUDY 7-2: Implementing an Appeals Process at
Accounting, Inc. 192
� CASE STUDY 7-3: Evaluation of Performance Management
System at
Accounting, Inc. 192
� CASE STUDY 7-4: Training the Raters at Big Quality Care
193
PART III Employee Development 195
Chapter 8 Performance Management and Employee
Development 195
8.1 Personal Developmental Plans 196
8.1.1 Developmental Plan Objectives 197
8.1.2 Content of Developmental Plan 199
8.1.3 Developmental Activities 200
8.2 Direct Supervisor’s Role 203
8.3 360-Degree Feedback Systems 206
8.3.1 Advantages of 360-Degree Feedback Systems 213
8.3.2 Risks of Implementing 360-Degree Feedback Systems 215
8.3.3 Characteristics of a Good System 215
� CASE STUDY 8-1: Developmental Plan Form at Old
65. Dominion University 220
� CASE STUDY 8-2: Evaluation of a 360-Degree Feedback
System Demo 220
� CASE STUDY 8-3: Implementation of 360-Degree Feedback
System at Ridge
Intellectual 221
� CASE STUDY 8-4: Personal Developmental Plan at
Brainstorm, Inc.—Part I 221
� CASE STUDY 8-5: Personal Developmental Plan at
Brainstorm, Inc.—
Part II 222
Chapter 9 Performance Management Skills 226
9.1 Coaching 227
9.2 Coaching Styles 233
9.3 Coaching Process 233
9.3.1 Observation and Documentation of Developmental
Behavior
and Outcomes 235
9.3.2 Giving Feedback 239
9.3.3 Disciplinary Process and Termination 245
66. 9.4 Performance Review Meetings 248
� CASE STUDY 9-1: Was Robert Eaton a Good Coach? 256
� CASE STUDY 9-2: What Is Your Coaching Style? 257
� CASE STUDY 9-3: Preventing Defensiveness 259
� CASE STUDY 9-4: Recommendations for Documentation 260
PART IV Reward Systems, Legal Issues, and Team
Performance Management 263
Chapter 10 Reward Systems and Legal Issues 263
10.1 Traditional and Contingent Pay Plans 264
10.2 Reasons for Introducing Contingent Pay Plans 265
Contents vii
10.3 Possible Problems Associated with Contingent Pay Plans
268
10.4 Selecting a Contingent Pay Plan 270
10.5 Putting Pay in Context 272
10.6 Pay Structures 276
10.6.1 Job Evaluation 277
67. 10.6.2 Broad Banding 279
10.7 Performance Management and the Law 280
10.8 Some Legal Principles Affecting Performance
Management 281
10.9 Laws Affecting Performance Management 284
� CASE STUDY 10-1: Making the Case for a CP Plan at
Architects, Inc. 289
� CASE STUDY 10-2: Selecting a CP Plan at Dow
AgroSciences 289
� CASE STUDY 10-3: Contingency Pay Plan at Altenergy LLC
290
� CASE STUDY 10-4: Possible Illegal Discrimination at
Tractors, Inc. 291
Chapter 11 Managing Team Performance 294
11.1 Definition and Importance of Teams 295
11.2 Types of Teams and Implications for Performance
Management 296
11.3 Purposes and Challenges of Team Performance
Management 298
68. 11.4 Including Team Performance in the Performance
Management
System 299
11.4.1 Prerequisites 300
11.4.2 Performance Planning 302
11.4.3 Performance Execution 303
11.4.4 Performance Assessment 304
11.4.5 Performance Review 305
11.4.6 Performance Renewal and Recontracting 306
11.5 Rewarding Team Performance 307
� CASE STUDY 11-1: Not All Teams Are Created Equal 309
� CASE STUDY 11-2: Team Performance Management at Duke
University
Health Systems 310
� CASE STUDY 11-3: Team-Based Rewards for the State of
Georgia 312
� CASE STUDY 11-4: Team Performance Management at Bose
313
Index 315
69. 1 Generating buzz: Idaho Power takes on performance
management to prepare for workforce aging. (2006,
June). Power Engineering. Retrieved November 26, 2010 from
http://www.powergenworldwide.com/index/
display/articledisplay/258477/articles/power-
engineering/volume-110/issue-6/features/generating-buzz-
idaho-power-takes-on-performance-management-to-prepare-for-
workforce-aging.html
2 Workforce performance is top HR priority. (2005). T+D,
59(7), 16.
PREFACE AND INTRODUCTION
In today’s globalized world, it is relatively easy to gain access
to the competition’s technology and
products. Thanks to the Internet and the accompanying high
speed of communications, technolog-
ical and product differentiation is no longer a key competitive
advantage in most industries. For
example, most banks offer the same types of products (e.g.,
various types of savings accounts
and investment opportunities). If a particular bank decides to
offer a new product or service
(e.g., online banking), it will not be long until the competitors
70. offer precisely the same product. As
noted by James Kelley, performance management project leader
at Idaho Power, “technology is a
facilitator, but not a guarantor, of effectiveness or efficiency of
a company’s workforce.”1
So, what makes some businesses more successful than others?
What is today’s key compet-
itive advantage? The answer is people. Organizations with
motivated and talented employees
offering outstanding service to customers are likely to pull
ahead of the competition, even if
the products offered are similar to those offered by the
competitors. This is a key organizational
resource that many label “human capital” and gives
organizations an advantage over the compe-
tition. Customers want to get the right answer at the right time,
and they want to receive their
products or services promptly and accurately. Only having the
right human capital can make
these things happen. Only human capital can produce a
sustainable competitive advantage. And,
performance management systems are the key tools that can be
used to transform people’s talent
and motivation into a strategic business advantage.
71. Unfortunately, although 96% of human
resources (HR) professionals report that performance
management is their number 1 concern,
fewer than 12% of HR executives and technology managers
believe that their organizations have
aligned strategic organizational priorities with employee
performance.2
This edition includes the following six important changes. More
detailed information on
each of these issues is provided in the section titled “Changes in
This Edition.”
• There is an emphasis on the role of the context within which
performance management
takes place.
• This edition emphasizes that knowledge generated regarding
performance management is
essentially multidisciplinary.
• This edition emphasizes the important interplay between
science and practice.
• This edition describes the technical aspects of implementing a
performance management
72. system in detail and, in addition, it emphasizes the key role that
interpersonal dynamics
play in the process.
• This new edition includes new cases in almost every chapter.
Taken together, this new
edition includes a total of 43 case studies.
• Each of the chapters includes new sections.
SOME UNIQUE FEATURES OF THIS BOOK
Performance management is a continuous process of identifying,
measuring, and developing the
performance of individuals and teams and aligning their
performance with the strategic goals of
the organization. Performance management is critical to small
and large, for-profit and not-for-profit,
viii
http://www.powergenworldwide.com/index/display/articledispla
y/258477/articles/power-engineering/volume-110/issue-
6/features/generating-buzzidaho-power-takes-on-performance-
74. not-for-profit sector, the government in England has
implemented what is probably the world’s
biggest performance management system, and, by statutory
force, the performance of teachers and
“headteachers” (i.e., school principals) is now evaluated
systematically. This particular system
includes a massive national effort of approximately 18,000
primary schools, 3,500 secondary schools,
1,100 special schools, 500 nursery schools, 23,000
headteachers, 400,000 teachers, and an unspecified
number of support staff.4
Unfortunately, few organizations use their existing performance
management systems
in productive ways. Performance management is usually vilified
as an “HR department require-
ment.” In many organizations, performance management means
that managers must comply
with their HR department’s request and fill out tedious, and
often useless, evaluation forms.
These evaluation forms are often completed only because it is
required by the “HR cops.”
Unfortunately, the only tangible consequence of the evaluation
process is that the manager has to
spend time away from his or her “real” job duties.
75. This book is about the design and implementation of successful
performance management
systems. In other words, it focuses on research-based findings
and up-to-date applications that
help increase an organization’s human capital. Performance
management is ongoing and cyclical;
however, for pedagogical reasons, the book needs to follow a
linear structure. Because performance
observation, evaluation, and improvement are ongoing
processes, some concepts and practices
may be introduced early in a cursory manner but receive more
detailed treatment in later sections.
Also, this book focuses on best practices and describes the
necessary steps to create a top-notch
performance management system. As a result of practical
constraints and lack of knowledge about
system implementation, many organizations cut corners and do
not implement systems that
follow best practices because of environmental and political
issues (e.g., goals of raters may not be
aligned with goals of the organization). Because the way in
which systems are implemented in
practice is often not close to the ideal system, the book includes
numerous examples from actual
76. organizations to illustrate how systems are implemented given
actual situational constraints.
CHANGES IN THIS EDITION
This edition includes important updates and additional
information. In preparation for revising
and updating this book, I gathered more than 300 potentially
relevant articles and books. About
150 of those were most relevant, and about 50 of those new
sources are now included in this
edition. These sources have been published since the second
edition of the book went into
production. This vast literature demonstrates an increased
interest in performance management
on the part of both academics and practitioners.
This edition includes five important changes throughout the
book. First, there is an emphasis
on the role of the context within which performance
management takes place. Performance manage-
ment does not operate in a vacuum. Rather, it takes place within
a particular organizational context,
and organizations have a particular history, unwritten norms
about what is valued and what is not,
77. 3 Gillespie, T. L., & Parry, R. O. (2009). Students as
employees: Applying performance management principles
in the management classroom. Journal of Management
Education, 33, 553–576.
4 Brown, A. (2005). Implementing performance management in
England’s primary schools. International
Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 54, 468–
481.
x Preface and Introduction
5 Aguinis, H., Boyd, B. K., Pierce, C. A., & Short, J. C. (2011).
Walking new avenues in management research
methods and theories: Bridging micro and macro domains.
Journal of Management, 37, 395–403.
6 Cascio, W. F., & Aguinis, H. (2008). Research in industrial
and organizational psychology from 1963 to 2007:
Changes, choices, and trends. Journal of Applied Psychology,
93, 1062–1081.
and unwritten norms about communication, trust, interpersonal
relations, and many other factors
78. that influence daily activities. Thus, for example, implementing
a 360-degree feedback system may be
effective in some organizations but not in others (Chapter 8). As
a second illustration, some organiza-
tions may have a culture that emphasizes results more than
behaviors which, in turn, would dictate
that the performance management system also emphasize
results; instead, other organizations may
place an emphasis on long-term goals, which would dictate that
performance be measured by empha-
sizing employee behaviors rather than results (Chapter 4). Also,
we need to understand the contextual
reasons why performance ratings may not be accurate—
particularly if there is no accountability for
raters to provide valid assessments (Chapter 6). As yet another
example, cultural factors affect what
sources are used for performance information: In a country like
Jordan, whose culture determines
more hierarchical organizational structures, the almost
exclusive source of performance information
is supervisors, whereas employees and their peers almost have
no input; this situation is different in
countries with less hierarchical cultures in which not only
performance information is collected from
peers, but also supervisors are rated by their subordinates
79. (Chapter 6). To emphasize the role of
culture, this edition describes examples and research conducted
in organizations in Jordan (Chapter
6); Japan, China, Turkey, Germany, France, South Korea,
Mexico, Australia, and the United Kingdom
(Chapter 1); Brazil (Chapter 3); Hong Kong and the Pearl River
Delta (Chapter 11); Ghana (Chapter 1);
South Africa (Chapter 1); Bulgaria and Romania (Chapter 1);
and India (Chapters 1 and 3).
Second, this edition emphasizes that knowledge generated
regarding performance manage-
ment is essentially multidisciplinary. Accordingly, the sources
used to support best-practice
recommendations offered in this book come from a very diverse
set of fields of study ranging from
micro-level fields focusing on the study of individual and teams
(e.g., organizational behavior,
human resource management) to macro-level fields focusing on
the study of organizations as a
whole (e.g., strategic management). This is consistent with a
general movement toward multidis-
ciplinary and integrative research in the field of management.5
For example, best-practice
recommendations regarding the measurement of performance
80. originate primarily from industrial
and organizational psychology (Chapter 5). On the other hand,
best-practice recommendations
regarding the relationship between performance management
and strategic planning were
derived primarily from theories and research from strategic
management (Chapter 3). In addition,
much of the best-practice recommendations regarding team
performance management originated
from the field of organizational behavior (Chapter 11).
Third, this edition emphasizes the important interplay between
science and practice.
Unfortunately, there is a great divide in management and related
fields between scholars and
practitioners. From the perspective of scholars, much of the
work conducted by practitioners is
seen as relevant but not rigorous. Conversely, from the
perspective of practitioners, the work done
by scholars is seen as rigorous but mostly not relevant. This
“science-practice divide” has been
documented by a content analysis of highly prestigious
scholarly journals, which regularly pub-
lish work that does not seem to be directly relevant to the needs
of managers and organizations.6
81. This edition attempts to bridge this divide by discussing best-
practice recommendations based on
sound theory and research and, at the same time, by discussing
the realities of organizations and
how some of these practices have been implemented in actual
organizations.
Fourth, this edition, as its predecessor, describes the technical
aspects of implementing a
performance management system in detail. In addition, this
edition emphasizes the key role that
interpersonal dynamics play in the process.7 Traditionally,
much of the performance appraisal
literature has focused almost exclusively on the measurement of
performance—for example,
Preface and Introduction xi
whether it is better to use 5-point versus 7-point scales.
However, more recent research suggests
that, related to the issue of context mentioned earlier, issues
such as trust, politics, leadership, nego-
82. tiation, mentorship, communication, and other related topics
related to interpersonal dynamics are
just as important in determining the success of a performance
management system. Accordingly,
this edition discusses the need to establish a helping and
trusting relationship between supervisors
and employees (Chapter 9), the role of an organization’s top
management in determining the
success of a system (Chapter 3), and the motivation of
supervisors to provide accurate performance
ratings (Chapter 6), among many other related issues throughout
the book.
Fifth, this new edition includes new cases in almost every
chapter. Taken together, this
new edition includes a total of 43 case studies. In addition, the
instructor’s manual includes
approximately 4 more cases per chapter, for a total of about 40
additional cases. Thus, depending
on an instructor’s preference, a course based on this new edition
could be taught entirely follow-
ing a case format or using a lecture and case combination
format.
In addition to the aforementioned changes that permeate the
83. entire book, each chapter includes
new sections. As illustrations, consider the following chapter-
by-chapter nonexhaustive additions:
• Performance management around the world (Chapter 1). This
material will be useful in
terms of understanding that although performance management
systems may have similar
goals, their implementation and deployment will be affected by
cultural and contextual
factors depending on where the organization is located.
• Biases in the job analysis process and their effects in the
resulting job analysis ratings
(Chapter 2). This material will be useful in terms of providing
guidelines on how to gather
valid job analysis information.
• Relationship between strategies, goals, and firm performance
(Chapter 3). This new material
will be useful in providing guidelines on the most effective
sequence of implementation of
the various strategic planning steps as it cascades down and
across the various organizational
units.
84. • Voice behavior: Raising constructive challenges with the goal
to improve rather than merely
criticize, challenge the status quo in a positive way, and make
innovative suggestions for
change when others, including an employee’s supervisor,
disagree (Chapter 4). This material
will be useful in terms of understanding the multidimensional
nature of performance and
how different performance dimensions may be valued
differently in different organizations.
• Relative percentile method for measuring performance
(Chapter 5). This material will be
useful regarding the development of measures to assess
performance more accurately.
• Open-ended sections included in most appraisal forms
(Chapter 6). This material will be
useful in terms of learning how to make the most of this
information, which is typically
underutilized in most performance management systems.
• Calculation of return on investment of portions of a
performance management system
85. (Chapter 7). This material will be useful in terms of learning
how to document the relative
effectiveness, in tangible and financial terms, of a performance
management system.
• The feedforward interview (FFI) (Chapter 8). This new
material will be useful in terms of
understanding how the FFI is a process that leads to uncovering
the contextual and per-
sonal conditions that lead to success regarding both
achievement and job satisfaction.
• Disciplinary process that may lead to termination (Chapter 9).
This material will be useful in
terms of providing information on what to do when performance
problems are identified but
employees are unable or unwilling to address them effectively.
• Relationship between new legal regulations and the
implementation of performance
management systems in China (Chapter 10). This new
information will be useful in terms
7Aguinis, H., & Pierce, C. A. (2008). Enhancing the relevance
of organizational behavior by embracing
86. performance management research. Journal of Organizational
Behavior, 29, 139–145.
xii Preface and Introduction
of understanding how the legal environment has a direct impact
on performance
management practices worldwide.
• Types of learning that can take place as part of the team
development plan in the perform-
ance planning stage (Chapter 11). This material will be useful in
terms of providing a
deeper understanding of specific interventions aimed at
improving team learning and
performance.
Further, the following is a nonexhaustive list of specific topics
that have been updated and
expanded in each chapter:
• The discussion of voice behavior (i.e., constructive criticisms
that challenge the status quo
87. and promote innovative improvements) as …
CASE STUDY 4-1
Differentiating Task from Contextual Performance at
Pharma Co. Company
Consider the following adaptation of a job description for the
position of a district busi-ness manager for a sales organization
in a
pharmaceutical company (Pharma Co.). Pharma
Co. prod uces pharmaceuticals, infant formulas and
nutritional products, ostomy and advanced wound
care products, cardiovascular imaging supplies,
and over-the-counter products. Their stated mission
is to "extend and enhance human life by providing
the highest-quality pharmaceutical and related
health care products." In addition, all employees
live by the Pharma Co. pledge: "We pledge-to
our patients and customers, to our employees and
partners, to our shareholders and neighbors, and
to the world we serve-to act on our belief that the
priceless ingredient of every product is the honor
88. and integrity of its maker."
Job Responsibilities of the District
Business Manager
The following are the core performance objectives
for the district business manager (DBM) position:
Create the environment to build an innovative
CASE STUDY 4-2
culture, create and articulate a vision, drive innov-
ation by embracing diversity and change, set the
example, and thereby shape the culture. Develop
and communicate the business plan, understand
and explain Pharma Co. strategies, translate national
plan to business plans for districts and territories, set
goals and expectations of performance, set priorities,
and allocate resources. Execute and implement the
business plan, maximize rank order lists of med-
ical education professional relationships, achieve
optimum coverage frequency of highest potential
physicians, take accountability, and achieve results.
Build relationships focused on customer retention,
develop relationships (i.e., networks), influence
others (i.e., internal and external), and develop self
89. and others. Strong skills are acquired in the following
areas: written and oral communication, negotiation,
strategic analysis, leadership, team building, and
coaching. (Source: Pharma Co.)
1. Based on the DBM job description, extract
a list of KPis in each of the following four
dimensions (a) task, (b) contextual, (c)
counterproductive, and (d) adaptive.
Choosing a Performance Measurement Approach at Show
Me the Money
T he following job description is for an account executive at
Show Me the Money, a payroll and HR solution providers
similar to ADP,
AmCheck, BenefitMall, Big Fish Payroll Services,
Fuse Workforce Management, GetPayroll, Gusto, and
others. Show Me the Money offers payroll, human
resources, and benefits outsourcing solutions for
small- to medium-sized businesses. Because account
executives often make sales calls individually, their
managers do not always directly observe their be-
havior. Furthermore, managers are also responsible
90. for sales in their markets and for staying up-to-date
on payroll Jaws. However, account executives are
responsible for training new account executives
and networking in the industries in which they
sell products. For example, if an account manager
120 Part II System lm plementation
is responsible for retail companies, then that account executive
is expected to
attend retail trade shows and professional meetings to identify
potential clients
and to stay current with the issues facing the retail industry.
Account Executive Job Responsibilities
• Performing client needs analysis to ensure that the major
market services
product can meet a client's requirements and expectations
• Establishing clients on the host processing system
• Acting as primary contact for the client during the conversion
process
• Supporting clients during the first few payrolls
91. • Completing the required documentation to turn the client over
to
customer service for ongoing support
• Scheduling and making client calls, and when necessary,
supporting sales
representatives in presales efforts
• Keeping abreast of the major market services system and
software
changes, major changes and trends in the PC industry, and
changes in
wage and tax Jaw.
1. Based on the above description, assess whether Show Me the
Money
should use a behavior approach, a results approach, or a
combination
of both to measure performance.
2. Using the accompanying tables as a guide, place check marks
next to
the descriptions that apply to the job of account executive.
Explain why
92. you chose the approach you did.
Behavior approach to measuring performance is most
appropriate when
the l1nk between behaviors and results is not obvious
outcomes occur in the distant future
poor results are due to causes beyond the performer's control
Results approach to measuring performance is most appropriate
when
workers are sk1lled 1n the necessary behaviors
behaViors and results are obviously related
results show consistent improvement over t1me
there are many ways to do the job right
Chapter 4 Defining Performance and Choosing a Measurement
93. Approach 121
- ---------
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