Women in Decision Making Mechanisms
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Symposium on Gender Equality Paris, 6-7 October 2013 Women in Decision Making Mechanisms Thérèse Murphy
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Women in Decision Making Mechanisms
- 1. Symposium on Gender Equality Paris, 6-7 October 2013 Women in Decision Making Mechanisms Thérèse Murphy European Institute for Gender Equality
- 2. European Institute for Gender Equality European centre of competence on gender equality
- 3. Vision: Making equality between women and men a reality for all Europeans and beyond • Supporting better informed policy-making at EU and Member States levels • Increased awareness among decision makers and the public of progress and challenges in implementing European gender equality policies
- 4. Comparable and reliable data and indicators on Gender Equality • Collection of data and statistics of the 12 areas of BPfA in support to Presidencies of the EU Council • EU Gender Equality Index Collecting and processing methods, tools and good practices for gender equality work • Gender Training • Gender Impact Assessment • Combating Gender-based Violence tools & methods • Collecting, processing and disseminating good practices
- 5. Reliable/ Comparable data Methods & Tools Communication Partnership & Networking Good practises
- 6. Gender Mainstreaming •Benefits of Gender Equality • Gender Impact Assessment •Good Practices •Institutional Mechanisms •Capacity Building – Gender Training
- 7. Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance (IPA) project: “Preparatory measures for the participation of candidate countries and potential candidates in EIGE’s work” Establish contacts, assess the needs and expectations of the enlargement countries Explore ways/forms of further cooperation with EIGE in the area of gender equality Strengthen the capacity of enlargement countries to comply with the EU policies in the field of gender equality
- 8. Men and Gender Equality •Database on Men and Gender Equality Organisations; •Report on Men’s Involvement in Gender Equality Initiatives in the EU •Expert Meetings •EIGE Women and Men Resource Pool
- 9. Support to the Irish, Lithuanian and Greek Presidencies of the EU Council Finalised reports Women and the Media (Ireland) Institutional Mechanisms for the Advancement of Women (Lithuania) In process Women and the Economy (Greece)
- 10. Resource & Documentation Centre (RDC) PROCESS/PRODUCE SHARE COLLECT Managing Gender Knowledge Meeting with the Social Platform
- 11. •Data •Methods & Tools •Good Practices •IPA Countries •Men and Gender Equality •EIGE Reports for the Presidency of the EU Council •European Union Gender Equality Index Gender Equality Index Monitoring BPfA for the EU Council Gender- based Violence Gender Mainstre -aming
- 12. Gender Equality Index Work Participation Segregation Quality of work Money Financial resources Economic situation Power Political Social Economic Knowledge Attainment Segregation Lifelong learning Time Economic Care Social Health Status Behaviour Access Violence Direct Indirect Intersecting inequalities Discrimination other social groups
- 13. 54.0
- 14. Political Economic 38.0 49.9 29.0 Ministerial Parliamentary Regional assemblies Members of boards Members of Central Bank Equality in decision-making
- 15. 38.0
- 17. Figure 14 — Percentage of women in national parliaments (single/lower houses) in 2003 and 2012
- 18. Figure 15 — Percentage of women in national governments (senior ministers) in 2003 and 2012
- 19. Representation of women and men in the European parliament, 2013 - database on women and men in decision-making. Data refer to the situation in may 2013- source European commission
- 20. European Agencies (Highest Decision Making Body) President Members Women (N) Men (N) Women (N) Men (N) Women (%) Men (%) Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO) 0 1 11 16 41 59 European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) 0 1 27 66 29 71 European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders (FRONTEX) 0 1 2 29 6 94 European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) 0 1 6 26 19 81 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) 0 1 15 17 47 53 European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) 0 1 26 62 30 70 European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 0 1 11 20 35 65 European Environment Agency (EEA) 0 1 11 24 31 69 European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA) 0 1 6 27 18 82 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 1 1 5 8 38 62 European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (EUROFOUND) 0 1 26 55 32 68 European GNSS Agency (GSA) 1 0 8 24 25 75 European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) 1 0 14 5 74 26 European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) 0 1 2 29 6 94 European Medicines Agency (EMA) 0 1 9 21 30 70 European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) 0 1 9 23 28 72 European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) 1 0 2 31 6 94 European Railway Agency (ERA) 0 1 1 35 3 97 European Training Foundation (ETF) 0 1 12 18 40 60 European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) 1 0 12 17 41 59 Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market (Trade Marks and Designs) (OHIM) 0 1 8 20 29 71 Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union (CdT) 0 1 23 37 38 62 Total 5 18 246 610 29 71 - = not applicable, : = not available Data collected between 11/06/2012-21/08/2012
- 21. European Agencies (Executive Head) Executive head Women (N) Men (N) Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO) 0 1 European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU-OSHA) 1 0 European Agency for the Management of Operational Cooperation at the External Borders (FRONTEX) 0 1 European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) 0 1 European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) 0 1 European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (Cedefop) 0 1 European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) 0 1 European Environment Agency (EEA) 1 0 European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA) 0 1 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) 1 0 European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (EUROFOUND) 0 1 European GNSS Agency (GSA) 0 1 European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) 1 0 European Maritime Safety Agency (EMSA) 0 1 European Medicines Agency (EMA) 0 1 European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA) 0 1 European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) 0 1 European Railway Agency (ERA) 0 1 European Training Foundation (ETF) 1 0 European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) 0 1 Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market (Trade Marks and Designs) (OHIM) 0 1 Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union (CdT) 1 0 Total 6 16
- 22. Representation of women in European Commission over the last 25 years
- 23. Current Situation Despite women representing 60% of university graduates, today just 15.8% of the members of company boardrooms around Europe are women
- 24. EU-27, 2010 12% 88% Men are greatly over- represented as board members throughout all Member States Equality in decision-making
- 25. Members of the boards 12% 88% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% FI SE LV SK RO DK NL HU DE LT UK CZ EU-27 FR PL BG BE ES SI AT IE EE EL IT PT CY LU MT Women Men
- 26. Why more women? Rational, numbers and beyond numbers. • Justice • Experience • Interest • Critical Mass • Symbolic • Democracy
- 27. International Policy Framework to address the imbalance • Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA) • Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) • European Commission’s Women’s Charter 2010 • EU Roadmap for Gender Equality 2010-2015 • European Pact for Gender Equality 2011-2020
- 28. Establishment of Mechanisms to Promote Women’s Presence • Government • Legislature, Executive and Judiciary • Non-State Contexts • Trans-National Social Movements • Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO’s) • Fora for resolution of conflict and peace building
- 29. Proven methods to promote women’s presence • Regulatory Intervention • Legislative Quotas in Political Decision Making • Legislative Quotas in Economic Decision Making
- 30. Go raibh míle maith agaibh! EIGE - General enquiries EIGE.SEC@eige.europa.eu Study on Collected Narratives on Gender Perceptions in the 27 EU Member States http://eige.europa.eu/content/document/study-of-collected-narratives-on-gender-perceptions-in- the-27-eu-member-states The Gender Equality Index http://eige.europa.eu/content/gender-equality-index#/map Thérèse Murphy – Head of Operations - EIGE Thérèse.Murphy@eige.europa.eu www.eige.europa.eu/content/activities/beijing-platform-for-action European Institute for Gender Equality (EIGE) Gedimino pr.16, Lt-01103 - Vilnius Lithuania
Editor's Notes
- Reliable/ comparable data -BPfA: Reports for Danish and Cyprus Presidency finalised (Climate Change, Gender-based violence) -GBV: FGM and sexual violence mapped (EU-wide) -RDC: 26.000 on line for GBV, fully operational one stop shop -Index: international consultation seminar on measuring gender equality Methods&Tools -Gender Mainstreaming: consultation, gender training, publications on Methods&Tools, database of gender training and gender trainers updated Good Practices -European Conference ‘Advancing Gender Training to Support Effective Gender Mainstreaming’ in Vilnius 14-15 October 2012 Networking&Partners -contacts with EP, EC, Council -seminars and consultation meetings -on-line consultations -MB and EF -5 on line gender databases in formal agreement for feeding Resource& Documentation Center Communication (public authorities (EU and MS), stakeholders and multipliers (civil society, statistic and research institutions, media), general public -External Communication Strategy & plans -Internal Communication Strategy -publications -events & information stands -on line communication: Facebook (almost 3600 fans) -women inspiring europe calendar -16 Days of Activism Against Gender Violence (25 November – 10 December 2012)
- Devising a Conceptual Framework This is the structure of the conceptual framework of the Gender Equality Index. It consists of eight domains, which are themselves sub-divided into sub-domains. I will now go into more details into each one of these domains. Fill the dimensions identified in the conceptual framework with indicators and to aggregate them in order to create the GEI
- After 50 years of gender equality policies with an average score of 54.0, the EU remains far from reaching its gender equality aim although its overall score shows that it is half way there. The range across Member States from 35.3 to 74.3 shows the large amount of variation throughout the EU in the level of Gender Equality achieved overall. SE, DK, FI and NL despite the fact they are clearly leading the ranking of the MSs, have reached as core between 60 and 74, which is below three quarter toward equality. This is not enough at all! Gender Equality is a fundamental value for the European Union, however it is not a reality yet. We have to work to make it a reality and in this sense the GEI is an extremely useful tool.
- The domain of Power focus in the representation of women and men in decision-making positions. Conceptually 3 sub-domains were identified: Political Social Economic No coverage of social power was possible by reliable gender indicators/ the domain measures political and economic power through participation at a decision-making level. The level of representation of women in political spheres is less than a third at the regional level and decreases even further in Parliaments and Ministries. The dearth of representation of women in the political sphere is even more pronounced in the economic sphere. Women are greatly under-represented among board members of the largest quoted companies and among members of central banks within the vast majority of the Member Sates. The EU-27 on average has almost reached the halfway point towards equality when it comes to political power. However, scores throughout all MSs show very wide difference ranging from 15.1 in HU to 91.5 in Sweden. The domain of Power calls for measures to increase gender equality in decision making. The scores show the extent of gender inequality in political and economic power. While less than a handful of Member States attain satisfactory gender equality scores in political power, the situation is even worse in the domain of economic power.
- This is the area where the lowest gender equality score can be observed: the EU average is 38.0! LT – 32.1 The majority of Member States is below this level. 30 % of the countries are three quarter far away from full gender equality, within them MT, IT, LU and CY have a score below 20! Only four countries, NL, DK,FI and SE present a score between 50 and 75 % toward equality, but this is not a result we should be proud. Power is probably the only domain where gender equality can be reached faster than in other domains if we apply consistently ad hoc policy, such as the introduction of quotas.
- Members of the boards of the largest quoted companies by sex in EU Member States, 2010 Representation of women as members of boards in largest quoted companies is extremely far from gender equality Only 5 MSs (FI, SE, LV, RO, and SK) had more than 20% of women as members of the largest quoted companies. 5 MSs had less than 5% representation (CY, IT, LU, MT and PT)