Parasympathetic Nervous System
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The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for rest and digestion functions. It works through two neurons to have discrete and localized effects. The main neurotransmitter is acetylcholine, which acts on nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. The document describes the specific effects of parasympathetic stimulation on various organs like the eyes (miosis), heart (decreased rate and force), lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, urinary bladder and others. It also discusses what would happen if the parasympathetic nervous system is blocked, such as tachycardia, urine retention, constipation and others.
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Parasympathetic Nervous System
- 1. REGULATION Bilal Sami Al-Mosheqah Parasympathetic Nervous System
- 3. Parasympathetic NS (Rest and digest) Work in relaxed state Involuntary control Two neurons Discrete and localized effect
- 4. Parasympathetic NS Receptors Neurotransmitter Nicotinic Muscarinic Ach {acetylcholine] M1,M2,M3 M4,M5
- 6. The Eyes (M3) Stimulate lacrimal gland → ↑ lacrimal secretion Contraction of constrictor pupillae (circular muscle of the iris)→ miosis Contraction of ciliary muscle → accommodation for near vision ↓ intraocular pressure (IOP) Miosis
- 7. Heart (M2) and Arteries (M3) ↓heart rate ↓ force of contraction (atria) ↓ conduction Arteries (M3) → Vasodilatation NB: Vessels have no parasympathetic supply Decrease BP
- 8. Lung (M3) Bronchial secretion ↑ Bronchial muscles Contraction Bronchial gland
- 9. Gastrointestinal tract Motility Sphincters gastric secretion Smooth muscles Contraction Relaxation Increase Acceleration Digestion (M1) (M3) (M3) (M3)
- 10. Liver and Pancreas Stimulates bile release Contraction of the gall bladder Increase pancreatic secretions
- 11. Urinary Bladder (M3) Contraction of the bladder muscle (Detrusor muscle) Relaxation of the external sphincter Urination
- 12. What happens if the parasympathetic NS is blocked Eye Salivary gland Bronchi Intestine Urinary Tract Heart Tachycardia Urine retention Constipation Broncho- dilatation Dry mouth mydriasis, cycloplegia , ↑ IOP
- 13. The Absence of Parasympathetic Supply Adrenal medulla Piloerector Muscle Sweat gland Kidney Ventricles of the heart
- 14. Here is the summary . . .
- 17. Lippincott Illustrated Reviews, Pharmacology -Whalen, Karen Medical Physiology for Undergraduate Students - book44-1 Guyton and HallTextbook of Medical Physiology, 13th edition Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews Physiology 1st Edition