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Selecciona las características eléctricas que debería llevar una línea de transmisión para
alimentar un centro urbano a partir de una central eléctrica. Considera que la central eléctrica
genera 250 MW y se encuentra a 150 km de la población.
Para el diseñode lalínea,debesutilizartucriterioydefinirlossiguienteselementos:
a. El nivel de tensión. 230 kV
b.Seleccionarsi el circuitodebe sersencilloodoble. CircuitoSencillo
c. Mencionael númerode conductoresporfase. 2 conductores por Fase
d.Explicaqué material utilizaríasparael conductor. Aluminiocon alma de Acero (ACSR)
Con laPotenciade 250 MW que se consideragenerarálacentral eléctricayunfactor de potencia
de 90%, se obtiene lacorriente que transportaráel conductortomandoencuentaunfactor de
cargabilidadal 40% obtenemoslosiguiente:
𝑘𝑉𝐴 =
𝑀𝑊
𝑓.𝑝
=
250𝑀𝑊
0.9
= 278 𝑀𝑉𝐴
𝑃 = 𝑉 ∗ 𝐼 ∗ √3
𝐼 =
𝑃
𝑉√3
𝐼 =
278000𝑘𝑉𝐴
230𝑘𝑉√3
= 698𝐴
Conductor con factor de cargabilidad al 40%:
698 𝐴
0.4
= 1745 𝐴
Se utilizarán 2 conductores por fase, por lo que la corriente serán 873 A por conductor, de las
tablasde conductoresACSRse obtiene que el conductorDrake esel apropiadoporampacidad. La
disposiciónde losconductoresenlatorre seráplanahorizontal conunadistanciade separaciónde
6 m entre fases y 0.5 m entre conductores de la misma fase, la temperatura de operación será a
50 °C. Con esta información se obtendrán los parámetros eléctricos de la Línea de Transmisión.
12 m
Conductor Drake
Longitud 150 km
Frecuencia 60 Hz
Resistencia a 50 °C 0.1288 Ω/milla
𝑅𝑇 =
𝑅
2
0.1288
Ω
𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎
(
1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎
1.609 𝑘𝑚
) = 0.0800
Ω
𝑘𝑚
(150 𝑘𝑚) = 12.007Ω
La Resistencia de la línea sería la resistencia de los 2 conductores en paralelo:
𝑹𝑻 =
12.007Ω
2
= 𝟔.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝛀
La Inductanciase obtiene apartirde la siguienteformula:
𝐿 =
𝜇0
2𝜋
ln
𝐷𝑀𝐺
𝑅𝑀𝐺
𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑐í𝑜 𝜇0 = 4𝜋 × 10−7
𝐿 = 2 × 10−7
ln
𝐷𝑀𝐺
𝑅𝑀𝐺
La DistanciaMediaGeométricaequivalentesería: 𝐷𝑀𝐺𝑒𝑞 = √𝐷𝐴𝐵𝐷𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐶𝐴
3
𝐷𝑀𝐺𝑒𝑞 = √6𝑚 × 6𝑚 × 12𝑚
3
= 7.56 𝑚
Para obtenerel RadioMedioGeométrico (RMG) del conductorDrake,se utilizantablasa60 Hz Ω
RMG=0.0375 pies 0.0375 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠(
1𝑚
3.28 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠
) = 0.01143 𝑚
Para un agrupamientode 2conductores:
RMG= Ds 𝐷𝑠 = √(𝐷𝑠 × 𝑑)2
4
𝐷𝑠 = √(0.01143 𝑚 × 0.5 𝑚)2
4
= 0.0756 𝑚
𝐿 = 2 × 10−7 ln
7.56 𝑚
0.0756 𝑚
𝑳 = 𝟗. 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟑× 𝟏𝟎−𝟕
𝑯
𝒎
6 m 6 m
0.5m
La ReactanciaInductiva:
𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿
𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋(60)(9.2103 × 10−7
𝐻
𝑚
)
𝑋𝐿 = 0.0003472 Ω
𝑚
⁄
𝑋𝐿 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 0.0003472 Ω
𝑚
⁄ (
1000 𝑚
1 𝑘𝑚
)(150𝑘𝑚)
𝑿𝑳 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟓𝟐.𝟎𝟖 Ω/𝑭𝒂𝒔𝒆
𝒁 = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟎𝟑Ω + 𝒋𝟓𝟐. 𝟎𝟖Ω
Para obtenerlaCapacitanciase utilizalasiguiente expresión:
𝐶𝑚 =
2𝜋𝑘
ln(
𝐷𝑒𝑞
𝐷𝑠
⁄ )
𝑘 = 8.85 × 10−12 𝐹
𝑚
⁄
𝐷𝑒𝑞 = 7.56 𝑚
𝐷𝑠 = √𝑟𝑑
2
De tablasde conductoresACSRel radioexternodel conductorDrake es0.01405 m
𝐷𝑠 = √(0.01405𝑚 × 0.5𝑚
2
= 0.08382 𝑚
𝐶𝑚 =
2𝜋(8.85 × 10−12
ln(7.56 𝑚
0.08382 𝑚
⁄ )
= 1.235 × 10−11 𝐹
𝑚
⁄
La ReactanciaCapacitivaes:
𝑋𝐶 =
1
2𝜋𝑓 𝐶𝑚
𝑋𝐶 =
1
2𝜋(60) (1.235 × 10−11 𝐹
𝑚
⁄ )
𝑋𝑐 = 214.78 𝑀
Ω
𝑚
𝑿𝑪 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 =
214.78 × 106 Ω
𝑚
150000 𝑚
= 𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟏.𝟖𝟗 Ω
La Admitanciaparaleloes:
𝑌 =
1
−𝑗𝑋𝐶
=
1
−𝑗1431.89
= 698.37 × 10−6 𝑆𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠
𝑌
2
= 𝟑𝟒𝟗.𝟏𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒔

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Parametros linea de transmision

  • 1. Selecciona las características eléctricas que debería llevar una línea de transmisión para alimentar un centro urbano a partir de una central eléctrica. Considera que la central eléctrica genera 250 MW y se encuentra a 150 km de la población. Para el diseñode lalínea,debesutilizartucriterioydefinirlossiguienteselementos: a. El nivel de tensión. 230 kV b.Seleccionarsi el circuitodebe sersencilloodoble. CircuitoSencillo c. Mencionael númerode conductoresporfase. 2 conductores por Fase d.Explicaqué material utilizaríasparael conductor. Aluminiocon alma de Acero (ACSR) Con laPotenciade 250 MW que se consideragenerarálacentral eléctricayunfactor de potencia de 90%, se obtiene lacorriente que transportaráel conductortomandoencuentaunfactor de cargabilidadal 40% obtenemoslosiguiente: 𝑘𝑉𝐴 = 𝑀𝑊 𝑓.𝑝 = 250𝑀𝑊 0.9 = 278 𝑀𝑉𝐴 𝑃 = 𝑉 ∗ 𝐼 ∗ √3 𝐼 = 𝑃 𝑉√3 𝐼 = 278000𝑘𝑉𝐴 230𝑘𝑉√3 = 698𝐴 Conductor con factor de cargabilidad al 40%: 698 𝐴 0.4 = 1745 𝐴 Se utilizarán 2 conductores por fase, por lo que la corriente serán 873 A por conductor, de las tablasde conductoresACSRse obtiene que el conductorDrake esel apropiadoporampacidad. La disposiciónde losconductoresenlatorre seráplanahorizontal conunadistanciade separaciónde 6 m entre fases y 0.5 m entre conductores de la misma fase, la temperatura de operación será a 50 °C. Con esta información se obtendrán los parámetros eléctricos de la Línea de Transmisión.
  • 2. 12 m Conductor Drake Longitud 150 km Frecuencia 60 Hz Resistencia a 50 °C 0.1288 Ω/milla 𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅 2 0.1288 Ω 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎 ( 1 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑎 1.609 𝑘𝑚 ) = 0.0800 Ω 𝑘𝑚 (150 𝑘𝑚) = 12.007Ω La Resistencia de la línea sería la resistencia de los 2 conductores en paralelo: 𝑹𝑻 = 12.007Ω 2 = 𝟔.𝟎𝟎𝟑𝛀 La Inductanciase obtiene apartirde la siguienteformula: 𝐿 = 𝜇0 2𝜋 ln 𝐷𝑀𝐺 𝑅𝑀𝐺 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑐í𝑜 𝜇0 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 𝐿 = 2 × 10−7 ln 𝐷𝑀𝐺 𝑅𝑀𝐺 La DistanciaMediaGeométricaequivalentesería: 𝐷𝑀𝐺𝑒𝑞 = √𝐷𝐴𝐵𝐷𝐵𝐶𝐷𝐶𝐴 3 𝐷𝑀𝐺𝑒𝑞 = √6𝑚 × 6𝑚 × 12𝑚 3 = 7.56 𝑚 Para obtenerel RadioMedioGeométrico (RMG) del conductorDrake,se utilizantablasa60 Hz Ω RMG=0.0375 pies 0.0375 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠( 1𝑚 3.28 𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑠 ) = 0.01143 𝑚 Para un agrupamientode 2conductores: RMG= Ds 𝐷𝑠 = √(𝐷𝑠 × 𝑑)2 4 𝐷𝑠 = √(0.01143 𝑚 × 0.5 𝑚)2 4 = 0.0756 𝑚 𝐿 = 2 × 10−7 ln 7.56 𝑚 0.0756 𝑚 𝑳 = 𝟗. 𝟐𝟏𝟎𝟑× 𝟏𝟎−𝟕 𝑯 𝒎 6 m 6 m 0.5m
  • 3. La ReactanciaInductiva: 𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋𝑓𝐿 𝑋𝐿 = 2𝜋(60)(9.2103 × 10−7 𝐻 𝑚 ) 𝑋𝐿 = 0.0003472 Ω 𝑚 ⁄ 𝑋𝐿 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 0.0003472 Ω 𝑚 ⁄ ( 1000 𝑚 1 𝑘𝑚 )(150𝑘𝑚) 𝑿𝑳 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 𝟓𝟐.𝟎𝟖 Ω/𝑭𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒁 = 𝟔. 𝟎𝟎𝟑Ω + 𝒋𝟓𝟐. 𝟎𝟖Ω Para obtenerlaCapacitanciase utilizalasiguiente expresión: 𝐶𝑚 = 2𝜋𝑘 ln( 𝐷𝑒𝑞 𝐷𝑠 ⁄ ) 𝑘 = 8.85 × 10−12 𝐹 𝑚 ⁄ 𝐷𝑒𝑞 = 7.56 𝑚 𝐷𝑠 = √𝑟𝑑 2 De tablasde conductoresACSRel radioexternodel conductorDrake es0.01405 m 𝐷𝑠 = √(0.01405𝑚 × 0.5𝑚 2 = 0.08382 𝑚 𝐶𝑚 = 2𝜋(8.85 × 10−12 ln(7.56 𝑚 0.08382 𝑚 ⁄ ) = 1.235 × 10−11 𝐹 𝑚 ⁄ La ReactanciaCapacitivaes: 𝑋𝐶 = 1 2𝜋𝑓 𝐶𝑚 𝑋𝐶 = 1 2𝜋(60) (1.235 × 10−11 𝐹 𝑚 ⁄ ) 𝑋𝑐 = 214.78 𝑀 Ω 𝑚 𝑿𝑪 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 = 214.78 × 106 Ω 𝑚 150000 𝑚 = 𝟏𝟒𝟑𝟏.𝟖𝟗 Ω
  • 4. La Admitanciaparaleloes: 𝑌 = 1 −𝑗𝑋𝐶 = 1 −𝑗1431.89 = 698.37 × 10−6 𝑆𝑖𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠 𝑌 2 = 𝟑𝟒𝟗.𝟏𝟖 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 𝑺𝒊𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒔