This document contains 3 sections that provide plant lists for different purposes: 1) Salt-tolerant plants suitable for areas within 80 feet of roads subject to de-icing salts. 2) Native plants adapted to southern New England, including trees, shrubs, grasses/herbs. 3) Plants for stormwater ponds/wetlands, organized by hydrologic zone from deep water to riparian fringe. Native emergent plants are recommended within zones that are periodically or frequently inundated.

1. Appendix A
Plant List

2. Appendix A: Plant List Black Spruce (Picea mariana)
White Pine (Pinus strobus)
Black Cherry (Prunus serotina)
Choke Cherry (Prunus virginiana)
1. Salt-Tolerant Plants
These plant species are suitable for planting within Shrubs
80 feet of a roadside that is subject to de-icing and For Dry, Sunny Areas
anti-icing application of salts. Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica)
Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium augustifolium)
Ground Juniper (Juniperus communis)
Trees New Jersey Tea (Ceanothus americanus)
White Oak (Quercus alba) Sweet Fern (Comptonia peregrina)
Red Oak (Quercus rubra)
White Poplar (Populus alba) For Shaded Areas
Blue Spruce (Picea pungens) Hazelnut (Corylus americana, C. cornuta)
Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia)
Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Swamp Azalea (Rhododendron viscosum)
Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus) Viburnums (V. acerfolium, V. cassinoides, V.
Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) alnifolium)
Pitch Pine (Pinus rigida)
Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) For Moist Sites
Dogwoods (Cornus spp.)
Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis)
Shrubs Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum)
Forsythia (Forsythia x intermedia) Pussy Willow (Salix discolor)
Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) Shadbush Serviceberry (Amelanchier canadensis)
Bayberry (Myrica pennsylvanica) Spicebush (Lindera benzoin)
Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Spirea (Spirea latifolia)
Red Chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia) Swamp azalea (Rhododendron viscosum)
Marsh Elder or High Tide Bush (Iva frutescens) Sweet Pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia)
Groundsel (Baccharis halimifolia) Viburnums (Viburnum spp.)
Winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana)
Grasses/Herbs
Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus)
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) Perennials
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Wild red columbine (Aquilegia canadensis)
Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) Bearberry, kinnickinick (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi)
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) Wild ginger (Asarum canadense)
Cattails (Typha domingensis) Butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa)
White wood aster (Aster divaricatus)
New England aster (Aster novae-angliae)
2. Native Plants/Xeriscaping Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris)
These plant species are native or adapted to southern Wild geranium (Geranium maculatum)
New England. Information on these species and oth- Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis)
ers that may be suitable for xeriscaping may be found Solomon’s plume (Maianthemum racemosum, syn.
in the references at the end of this appendix, includ- Smilacina racemosa)
ing the Connecticut Native Tree and Shrub Availability Partridgeberry (Mitchella repens)
List (DEP). Wild blue phlox (Phlox divaricata)
Bloodroot (Sanguinaria canadensis)
Trees Foamflower (Tiarella cordifolia)
Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana)
Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida)
Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) Grasses
Hawthorn (Crataegus spp.) Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii)
Hickories (Carya spp.) Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum)
Oaks (Quercus spp.) Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium, syn.
Walnuts (Juglans spp.) Andropogon scoparius)
Atlantic White Cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides)
2004 Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual A-1

3. 3. Stormwater Ponds and 2001). The hydrologic zones reflect the degree and
Wetlands Plant List duration of inundation by water. Plants recommended
for a particular zone can generally tolerate the hydro-
This section contains planting guidance for stormwa- logic conditions that typically exist within that zone.
ter ponds and wetlands. The following lists emphasize Table A-1 summarizes recommended plantings
the use of plants native to Connecticut and southern (trees/shrubs and herbaceous plants) within each
New England and are intended as general guidance hydrologic zone. This list is not intended to be
for planning purposes. Local landscape architects and exhaustive, but includes a number of recommended
nurseries may provide additional information, includ- native species that are generally available from com-
ing plant availability, for specific applications. mercial nurseries. Other plant species may be
acceptable if they can be shown to be appropriate for
Plantings for stormwater ponds and wetlands should the intended hydrologic zone.
be selected to be compatible with the various hydro-
logic zones within these treatment practices (NYDEC,
Table A-1 Plant List for Stormwater Ponds and Wetlands
Hydrologic Zone Description Plant Name and Form
Zone
Zone 1 ❍ 1 to 6 feet deep, permanent pool Trees and Shrubs
Deep Water ❍ Submergent plants (if any at all) Not recommended
Pool ❍ Not routinely planted due to limited
availability of plants that can survive Herbaceous Plants
in this zone and potential clogging of Coontail (Ceratophyllumdemersum) Submergent
outlet structure Duckweed (Lemma sp.) Submergent/Emergent
❍ Plants reduce resuspension of Pond Weed, Sago (Potamogeton Pectinatus) Submergent
sediments and improve oxidation/ Waterweed (Elodea canadensis) Submergent
aquatic habitat Wild Celery (Valisneria Americana) Submergent
Zone 2 ❍ 1 foot below the normal pool Trees and Shrubs
Shallow Water (aquatic bench in stormwater Buttonbush (Cepahlanthus occidentalis) Deciduous shrub
Bench ponds)
❍ Plants partially submerged Herbaceous Plants
❍ Emergent wetland plants Arrow arum (Peltandra virginica) Emergent
❍ Plants reduce resuspension of Arrowhead, Duck Potato (Saggitaria latifolia) Emergent
sediments, enhance pollutant Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor) Emergent
removal, and provide aquatic and Blue Joint (Calamagrotis canadensis) Emergent
nonaquatic habitat Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus) Perimeter
Bushy Beardgrass (Andropogon glomeratus) Emergent
Cattail (Typha sp.) Emergent
Common Three-Square (Scirpus pungens) Emergent
Duckweed (Lemma sp.) Submergent/Emergent
Giant Burreed (Sparganium eurycarpum) Emergent
Long-leaved Pond Weed (Potamogeton Rooted Submerged
nodosus) Aquatic
Marsh Hibiscus (Hibiscus moscheutos) Emergent
Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata) Emergent
Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides) Emergent
Sedges (Carex spp.) Emergent
Soft-stem Bulrush (Scirpus validus) Emergent
Smartweed (Polygonum spp) Emergent
Soft Rush (Juncus effusus) Emergent
Spatterdock (Nuphar luteum) Emergent
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Perimeter
Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus) Herbaceous
Wild Rice (Zizania aquatica) Emergent
Wool Grass (Scirpus cyperinus) Emergent
A -2 2004 Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual

4. Table A-1 Plant List for Stormwater Ponds and Wetlands (continued)
Hydrologic Zone Description Plant Name and Form
Zone
Zone 3 ❍ 1 foot above the normal pool Trees and Shrubs
Shoreline (includes safety bench of pond) Arrowwood Viburrium (Viburrium dentatum) Deciduous shrub
Fringe ❍ Frequently inundated if storm events Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) Deciduous tree
are subject to extended detention Black Willow (Salix nigra) Deciduous tree
❍ Plants must be able to withstand Buttonbush (Cepahlanthus occidentalis) Deciduous shrub
inundation during storms and occa- Common Spice Bush (Lindera benzoin) Deciduous shrub
sional drought Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) Deciduous shrub
❍ Plants provide shoreline stabilization, Larch,Tamarack (Larix latricina) Coniferous tree
shade the shoreline, enhance pollu- Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) Deciduous tree
tant removal, and provide wildlife Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Deciduous tree
habitat (or selected to control over- River Birch (Betula nigra) Deciduous tree
population of waterfowl) Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum) Deciduous shrub
Slippery Elm (Ulnus rubra) Deciduous tree
Smooth Alder (Alnus serrulata) Deciduous tree
Speckled Alder (Alnus rugosa) Deciduous shrub
Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor) Deciduous tree
Swamp Rose (Rosa Palustrus) Deciduous shrub
Tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica vari biflora) Deciduous tree
Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) Deciduous shrub
Herbaceous Plants
Arrow arum (Peltandra virginica) Emergent
Arrowhead, Duck Potato (Saggitaria latifolia) Emergent
Blue Flag Iris (Iris versicolor) Emergent
Blue Joint (Calamagrotis canadensis) Emergent
Blue Vervain (Verbena hastata) Emergent
Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) Emergent
Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus) Perimeter
Bushy Beardgrass (Andropogon glomeratus) Emergent
Cattail (Typha sp.) Emergent
Chufa (Cyperus esculentus) Emergent
Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Emergent
Creeping Red Fescue (Festuca rubra) Emergent
Flat-top Aster (Aster umbellatus) Emergent
Fowl Bluegrass (Poa palustris) Emergent
Giant Burreed (Sparganium eurycarpum) Emergent
Green Bulrush (Scirpus atrovirens) Emergent
Marsh Hibiscus (Hibiscus moscheutos) Emergent
Pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata) Emergent
Redtop (Agrostis alba) Perimeter
Rice Cutgrass (Leersia oryzoides) Emergent
Sedges (Carex spp) Emergent
Soft-stem Bulrush (Scirpus validus) Emergent
Smartweed (Polygonum spp.) Emergent
Soft Rush (Juncus effusus) Emergent
Spotted Joe-pye weed (Eupatorium maculatum) Emergent
Swamp Aster (Aster puniceus) Emergent
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Perimeter
Sweet Flag (Acorus calamus) Herbaceous
Water Plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica) Emergent
Wild-rye (Elymus spp.) Emergent
Wool Grass (Scirpus cyperinus) Emergent
2004 Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual A-3

5. Table A-1 Plant List for Stormwater Ponds and Wetlands (continued)
Hydrologic Zone Description Plant Name and Form
Zone
Zone 4 ❍ 1 to 4 feet above the normal pool Trees and Shrubs
Riparian Fringe ❍ Includes nearly all of temporary American Elm (Ulmus americana) Deciduous tree
extended detention volume Arrowwood Viburrium (Viburium dentatum) Deciduous shrub
❍ Periodically inundated after storms Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) Deciduous shrub
❍ Plants must be able to withstand Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) Deciduous tree
inundation during storms and occa- Blackgum or Sourgum (Nyssa sylvatica) Deciduous tree
sional drought Black Willow (Salix nigra) Deciduous tree
❍ Plants provide shoreline stabilization, Buttonbush (Cepahlanthus occidentalis) Deciduous shrub
shade the shoreline, enhance pollu- Common Spice Bush (Lindera benzoin) Deciduous shrub
tant removal, and provide wildlife Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Deciduous tree
habitat (or selected to control over- Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) Coniferous tree
population of waterfowl) Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) Deciduous shrub
Green Ash, Red Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvania) Deciduous tree
Larch,Tamarack (Larix latricina) Coniferous tree
Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) Deciduous tree
Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Deciduous tree
River Birch (Betula nigra) Deciduous tree
Shadowbush, Serviceberry (Amelanchier Deciduous shrub
Canadensis) Deciduous shrub
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum) Deciduous tree
Slippery Elm (Ulnus rubra) Deciduous tree
Smooth Alder (Alnus serrulata) Deciduous shrub
Speckled Alder (Alnus rugosa) Deciduous tree
Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor) Deciduous shrub
Swamp Rose (Rosa Palustrus) Deciduous tree
Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) Deciduous tree
Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) Deciduous tree
Tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica) Deciduous tree
Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) Deciduous shrub
Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Deciduous shrub
Herbaceous Plants
Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardi) Perimeter
Birdfoot deervetch (Lotus Corniculatus) Perimeter
Blue Vervain (Verbena hastata) Emergent
Boneset (Eupatorium perfoliatum) Emergent
Blue Joint (Calamagrotis canadensis) Emergent
Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) Perimeter
Chufa (Cyperus esculentus) Emergent
Fowl Bluegrass (Poa palustris) Emergent
Fowl mannagrass (Glyceria striata) Perimeter
Green Bulrush (Scirpus atrovirens) Emergent
Redtop (Agrostis alba) Perimeter
Sedges (Carex spp) Emergent
Smartweed (Polygonum spp.) Emergent
Soft Rush (Juncus effusus) Emergent
Spotted Joe-pye weed (Eupatorium maculatum) Emergent
Swamp Aster (Aster puniceus) Emergent
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Perimeter
Water Plantain (Alisma plantago-aquatica) Emergent
Wild-rye (Elymus spp.) Emergent
Wild-rye (Elymus spp.) Emergent
A -4 2004 Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual

6. Table A-1 Plant List for Stormwater Ponds and Wetlands (continued)
Hydrologic Zone Description Plant Name and Form
Zone
Zone 5 ❍ Extends from the maximum channel Trees and Shrubs
Floodplain protection water surface elevation American Elm (Ulmus americana) Deciduous tree
Terrace (typically 2-yr storm) to the 100- Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) Deciduous shrub
year water surface elevation Black Ash (Fraxinus nigra) Deciduous tree
❍ Infrequently inundated Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) Deciduous tree
❍ Plants must be able to withstand Blackgum or Sourgum (Nyssa sylvatica) Deciduous tree
occasional, brief inundation and Black Willow (Salix nigra) Deciduous tree
occasional drought conditions Buttonbush (Cepahlanthus occidentalis) Deciduous shrub
❍ Plants provide slope stabilization, Common Spice Bush (Lindera benzoin) Deciduous shrub
shade, and wildlife habitat Eastern Cottonwood (Populus deltoides) Deciduous tree
Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) Coniferous tree
Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) Deciduous shrub
Green Ash, Red Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvania) Deciduous tree
Hackenberry (Celtis occidentalis) Deciduous tree
Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) Deciduous tree
Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Deciduous tree
River Birch (Betula nigra) Deciduous tree
Shadowbush, Serviceberry (Amelanchier Deciduous shrub
canadensis)
Silky Dogwood (Cornus amomum) Deciduous shrub
Slippery Elm (Ulnus rubra) Deciduous tree
Smooth Alder (Alnus serrulata) Deciduous tree
Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor) Deciduous tree
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) Deciduous tree
Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) Deciduous tree
Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) Deciduous tree
Tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica) Deciduous tree
White Ash (Fraxinus americana) Deciduous tree
Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) Deciduous shrub
Witch Hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) Deciduous shrub
Herbaceous Plants
Annual Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) Perimeter
Big Bluestem (Andropogon gerardi) Perimeter
Birdfoot deervetch (Lotus Corniculatus) Perimeter
Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) Perimeter
Creeping Red Fescue (Festuca rubra) Perimeter
Fowl mannagrass (Glyceria striata) Perimeter
Redtop (Agrostis alba) Perimeter
Timothy (Phleum pratense) Perimeter
White Clover (Trifolium repens) Perimeter
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Perimeter
Zone 6 ❍ Above the maximum 100-year water Trees and Shrubs
Upland Slopes surface elevation American Elm (Ulmus americana) Deciduous tree
❍ Typically includes outer buffer of Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) Deciduous shrub
pond or wetland Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) Deciduous tree
❍ Plants should be selected based on Blackgum or Sourgum (Nyssa sylvatica) Deciduous tree
soil condition, light, and function (not Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) Coniferous tree
inundation since almost never inun- Elderberry (Sambucus canadensis) Deciduous shrub
dated) Hackenberry (Celtis occidentalis) Deciduous tree
2004 Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual A-5

7. Table A-1 Plant List for Stormwater Ponds and Wetlands (continued)
Hydrologic Zone Description Plant Name and Form
Zone
Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) Deciduous tree
Red Maple (Acer rubrum) Deciduous tree
Shadowbush, Serviceberry (Amelanchier Deciduous shrub
canadensis)
Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) Deciduous tree
Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) Deciduous tree
Tulip Tree (Liriodendron tulipifera) Deciduous tree
White Ash (Fraxinus Americana) Deciduous tree
Herbaceous Plants
Birdfoot deervetch (Lotus Corniculatus) Perimeter
Cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) Perimeter
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) Perimeter
Source: Adapted from NYDEC, 2001; New England Wetland Plants, Inc.
References New York State Department of Environmental
Conservation (NYDEC). 2001. New York State
Connecticut Botanical Society Website. URL:
Stormwater Management Design Manual. Prepared
http://www.ct-botanicalsociety.org/garden/index.html
by Center for Watershed Protection. Albany, New
#grasses
York.
Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection
Picone, P. Connecticut Native Tree and Shrub
(DEP). Connecticut Native Tree and Shrub
Availability List. Connecticut Department of
Availability List. URL:
Environmental Protection (DEP). Bureau of Natural
http://www.conncoll.edu/ccrec/greennet/arbo/tree
Resources. Wildlife Division.
availability.pdf.
Rhode Island Sustainable Plant List, Third Edition.
Dreyer, G.D. 1990. Connecticut’s Notable Trees.
1999.
Memoirs of the Connecticut Botanical Society, No. 2,
URL: http://www.uri.edu/research/sustland/spl1.html.
1989. 2nd ed. Available from the DEP Store, 79 Elm
Street, Hartford, CT (860-424-3540).
Salsedo, C.A. and H.M. Crawford. 2001. Fact Sheet 7:
Going Native – Rethinking Plant Selection for the
Henderson, C.L. 1987. Landscaping for Wildlife.
Home Landscape. URL:
Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Available
http://www.seagrant.uconn.edu. Available from:
from Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 500
Connecticut Sea Grant, 1084 Shennecossett Rd.,
Lafayette Rd., Box 7, St. Paul, MN 55155-4007.
Groton, CT 06340.
Hightshoe, Gary L. 1988. Native trees, shrubs, and
Taylor, S.L., Dreyer, G. and William Niering. 1987.
vines for urban and rural America : a planting design
Native Shrubs for Landscaping. The Connecticut
manual for environmental designers. Van Nostrand
College Arboretum. New London, CT. Bulletin #30.
Reinhold, New York.
Available from the DEP Store, 79 Elm Street, Hartford,
CT (860-424-3540).
Mehrhoff, L.J., K.J. Metzler, and E.E. Corrigan. 2001.
Non-native and Potentially Invasive Vascular Plants
U.S. Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources
in Connecticut. Center for Conservation and
Conservation Service. Plants Database. URL:
Biodiversity, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT.
http://plants.usda.gov/cgi_bin/.
A -6 2004 Connecticut Stormwater Quality Manual