This document discusses sequencing, cost-efficiency, and fiscal sustainability of social protection. It outlines how to sequence informal, semi-formal, and formal social protection arrangements. It examines tools to assess the costs and benefits of social protection programs. Finally, it explores options for creating fiscal space to fund social protection in a sustainable manner through economic growth, expenditure reallocation, and innovative financing mechanisms. The key is developing a comprehensive long-term strategy that embeds social protection within national development plans.