The document discusses various topics related to the human body's immune system and cancer. It defines mutations and their different types that can occur in DNA. It explains how the immune system defends the body against infections through cells and organs working together. The document also discusses how cancer can weaken the immune system and describes some common types of cancer like liver cancer and their symptoms and treatment options. It explores how radiation treatment for cancer can negatively impact immunity.
The term immunity refers to the body’s specific protective response to an invading foreign agent or organism.
The human body has the ability to resist almost all types of organisms or toxins that tend to damage the tissues and organs. The capability is called immunity.
This lecture power point gives the basic and fundamental understanding and management of cancer and its diseases.
And as well as some remedies and recommendations
ANTI CANCER DRUGS[ANTI-NEOPLASTIC DRUGS] MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY BY P. RAVISANKAR.Dr. Ravi Sankar
what is cancer?, History,Malignent tumor, non-malignent tumor(benign tumor),Largest tumor ever removed, tumour growth kinitics, doubling tume, angiogenesis, causes of cancer, drugs, treatment of cancer, classification of anti-cancer agents, mechanism of actions,alkylating agents,anti metabolites, vinka alkaloids, best ways to reducing cancer.
BY P. RAVISANKAR
VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE
VADLAMUDI
GUNTUR
ANDHRA PRADESH
INDIA.
The term immunity refers to the body’s specific protective response to an invading foreign agent or organism.
The human body has the ability to resist almost all types of organisms or toxins that tend to damage the tissues and organs. The capability is called immunity.
This lecture power point gives the basic and fundamental understanding and management of cancer and its diseases.
And as well as some remedies and recommendations
ANTI CANCER DRUGS[ANTI-NEOPLASTIC DRUGS] MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY BY P. RAVISANKAR.Dr. Ravi Sankar
what is cancer?, History,Malignent tumor, non-malignent tumor(benign tumor),Largest tumor ever removed, tumour growth kinitics, doubling tume, angiogenesis, causes of cancer, drugs, treatment of cancer, classification of anti-cancer agents, mechanism of actions,alkylating agents,anti metabolites, vinka alkaloids, best ways to reducing cancer.
BY P. RAVISANKAR
VIGNAN PHARMACY COLLEGE
VADLAMUDI
GUNTUR
ANDHRA PRADESH
INDIA.
Project ideas for class 12 students ...you can can find well prepared projects on topics from the CBSE school curriculum.
Your project work for class 12 students provides a platform for students to explore their interests and deepen their understanding of a particular subject. It may cover various topics, including science, humanities, languages, or social sciences, and may involve a wide range of methodologies and approaches.
My project works for class 12 students may take several forms, including research papers, case studies, presentations, or practical experiments. It may also include the use of technology or multimedia tools to enhance the learning experience.
By uploading project work for class 12 students, i provide them with an opportunity to showcase their talents and develop essential skills that will be valuable in their academic and professional careers. It also helps students to become independent learners and critical thinkers, who can analyze and interpret information to draw their conclusions.
Overall, my initiative to upload project work for class 12 students is an excellent contribution to the education community. It provides students with a platform to showcase their creativity, develop critical thinking skills, and prepare for their future academic and professional pursuits.
Here you will find stuffs related to jee , neet and CBSE board project work here.
A tumor marker is a substance found in your blood, urine, or body tissue. The term "tumor markers" may refer to proteins that are made by both healthy
....
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
2. standards
st4.c. Student know hoe mutation in DNA sequence
of gene may or may not affect the gene or the
sequence of amino acids in encoded proteins
st10.b. Students know the role of
antibodies in the bodys responst to
infection
3. Mutations
- What are Mutations? -Are mutations helfull or
harmfull?
-Well mutations are the -Well Mutations happen
change of the nucleotide regularly. Almost all
sequeence. mutations are neutral.
-Many of theese
mutations are repaired
by enzymes.
- Some mutations may
improve an organisms
survival(benificial)
4. Types of mutations
-Deletion: A piece of
-There are five types of
Chromosome is lost
mutatios that exist
-Inversion:Flipes around
-Delition
chromosome
-Inversion
-Translocation:Involves
-Translocation
Two Chromosomes that
-Nondisjunction
arnt homolegous
-Duplication
-Nondisjunction:only
happens to sperm or
egg,failure of
chromosomes to
seperate during Meiosis
-Duplication:Doubles
DNA
5. Mutation
These were some -Now, Nondijunction on
mutations that ocour in the other hand along with
our body. cancer are another type
Duplication,Delition, of mutation that arnt that
Translocation,and helpfull.
inversion are all normal
Mutations that ocour in
our body
6. Our immune system
Well what is our immune system?
-Well our immune sytem is used to defend us
humans against germs and microorganism.
-Our immune system helps keep people healthy and
help prevent infections.
- It helps our body's defense against infectious
organisms and other invaders Which is called
immune response
7. The immune response
what is the immune response?
- ''the immune system attacks organisms and
substances that invade our systems and cause
disease''
- The immune system is made up of cells, tissues,
and organs that work together to protect the body
From harmfull way.
8. Helping cells
- Our immune system also have other cells to help
us.
- That is the white blood cell and asleukocytes.
-''Leukocytes are produced or stored in many
locations throughout the body, including the
thymus, spleen, and bone marrow''.
-These also help fight the didease.
9. Cancer
Types of cancer
- Liver cancer starts off as a
-liver cancer you get these tumor and is treated with
symptoms when the cancer is surgery,Kemo, or radiation
advanced Later symptoms
include fatigue, pain in the
upper right abdominal region,
nausea, weight loss, jaundice
and loss of appetite
Read more: How Can Liver Cancer Be Treated? |
eHow.com
http://www.ehow.com/how_5329089_can-liver-
cancer-treated.html#ixzz1fFfO4tQA
10. Cancer
-Stomach cancer Stomach cancer is also
known as gastric cancer
which afects the stomach.
11. Our immunes system response to
cancer
-There are three things that happen to the immune
system when you have cancer.
-The cancer may weaken the immune system, The
cancer treatments may also weaken the immune
system or the immune system may help fight the
cancer.
-The cancer goes to the bone marrow where the cells
that help fight infections are made,''This happens
mostly often in leukaemia''. The reason for this is
because blood is made in the bone and when you
have leukaemia you have more white blood cells
than what is needed.
12. How does radiation treatment weaken
your immune system
- It depends on the lifetyle you live. If you make
healthy decisions your immune system will help your
body fight back. ''Anything, from what you eat,
breath, smoke, drink, drugs (prescription or other
wise), mental condition, who you come in contact
with, can affect your immune system.''
13. Cancer
- When you have cancer its like a clock ready to
hit 0. There is nothing to do when you get such a
malevolent disease like that except hope for the
best.
- For example african american women have
lower incidence of cancer. Another example is
that cocations have a higher risk of getting
prostate cancer.