The document discusses several hypotheses for the origins of human language: 1) Language may have evolved from early warning signals or instructions used during activities like hunting. 2) Language developed through cooperative efforts like chanting to coordinate tasks like moving stones. 3) Some hypothesize that the need to deceive and lie drove the development of language for selfish purposes. 4) Physical features like teeth, lips, larynx, and tongue evolved in ways that enabled a wide variety of speech sounds. Hand gestures may also have preceded language development. 5) The human brain is lateralized and specialized for language acquisition, supporting the idea that humans have an innate ability for language.

2. Islamic concept.
Christian concept.
Indian concept.

3.  We came to know from Quran e Pak that
we got language from Allah Pak, as He
said in Surah E Rahman, Verses # 1-4.
 “The Most Merciful. Taught the Quran.
Created man. Taught him eloquence.”
 In this verse eloquence referred to
language, “the ability to argue”.

4.  Christians believed that when God
created Adam, he taught them the
names of some specific things and angels
were asked to tell the names of those
things, but they were unable to tell. When
Adam was asked, he told the names of all
those things. So God asked them to bow
before Adam. This incident proves that
language exists at the time of Adam.
(Genesis)

5.  Hindus believe that language came from
Sarasvati, wife of Brahma, creator of the
earth.
 So we may conclude that language is a
gift of God to humans. Humans were
created with an innate capacity to use
language.

6.  Humans started to utter sounds by
mimicking their nature.
 He was attracted by various things and
tried to copy them.
 It is also said that man evolved his LAD
due to evaluation.

7.  Language is consciously invented by
humans.
 Language is learnt through “imitation”.
 Hypothesis:-
 The “ding-dong” hypothesis.
 The “pooh-pooh” hypothesis.
 The “bow-wow” hypothesis.
 The “ta-ta” hypothesis.

8.  The “ding-dong” hypothesis bases the
origins of language on onomatopoeia.
This idea states that language began
when humans started naming objects
after a relevant sound that was already
involved in their everyday life. Examples
include words such as “boom,” “crash”.

9.  These represent the sounds of certain objects,
but it is unclear how to provide
onomatopoeia for silent objects such as a
rock. It also does not consider abstract ideas
like love or justice, as there are no sounds for
these words. Also, this hypothesis does not
supply words for grammar or abstract items in
the English language, so it is not hard to
imagine that these types of words are
unusual and rare in most languages.
Onomatopoeia is such a small part of
linguistics and varies greatly from language to
language. Because of these limitations it is
considered a limited hypothesis.

10.  The basis for the “pooh-pooh” hypothesis
holds true to the involuntary nature of human
speech. Through emotional response,
language and speech would have
developed in tandem with human interaction
and primitive emotional reactions. Such
sounds as “wa wa wa” or “ha ha ha,”
commonly used to denoted crying or pain
and happiness or laughter, respectively,
would then develop into a more unique and
case-specific series of sounds in association
with other emotions and interactions (Vadja).

11.  Is that exclamations, such as the emotional responses
that one might associate with these “pooh-pooh”
phrases, are in fact dependent on language instead
of a basis through which language can be created.
For instance, the essence of emotional response for
pain is “ouch” in English, “oi” in Russian and “eee” in
Cherokee (Vadja). If there was a generalized
emotional response that all people made
independently of each other, then perhaps there
would be some legitimacy to the argument. But those
noises that we all do make based on the stimuli of
sneezes or hiccups cannot demonstrate a common
linguistic nature between peoples.

12.  The “bow wow” hypothesis is the most
popular but perhaps the most far-fetched
hypothesis of them all. Basically, it is the
idea that human language and
vocabulary originated as a form of
imitation. It is said that language came
from the imitation of animal sounds.

13.  Is that a lot of words that describe animal
sounds in different languages are similar. For
instance, in English a pig makes the sound
“oink-oink.” In Russian the sound is translated
as “hyru-hyru” and in Chinese the sound is
translated as “oh-ee-oh-ee.” As one can see,
these words represent the sound of a single
animal in different languages. The sound and
pronunciation of these words are not similar.
The overall idea is that one’s language
determines how one interprets a sound, and
since we have may languages, one cannot
prove that human vocabulary comes from
them.

14.  As commonly seen in primates, hand gestures
and body movement are important aspects
of interaction and cooperation within
societies. Originally hypothesized by Charles
Darwin, though not necessarily supported by
him, the “ta-ta” hypothesis states that
language and the development of sound
was generated to support the hand gestures
and movements of the individual. So as to
better demonstrate the meaning behind the
gestures, these sounds progressed into more
and more distinct words or combinations of
sounds inevitably leading to speech patterns.

15.  Although plausible like many of the other
hypothesis, the cultural roots of varying
hand gestures suggests that this is most
likely not the reason behind language.
Where in some places nodding means
“yes,” in others nodding means the
opposite. Such distinct cultural differences
implies that this is not a sound hypothesis.

16.  The warning hypothesis.
 The yo-he-ho hypothesis.
 The lying hypothesis.

17.  Language may have evolved from
warning signals such as those used by
animals. Perhaps language started with a
warning to others, such as Look out, Run,
or Help to alert members of the tribe
when some lumbering beast was
approaching. Other first words could
have been hunting instructions or
instructions connected with other work. In
other words, the first words
were indexes used during everyday
activities and situations.

18.  Language developed on the basis of
human cooperative efforts.
 The earliest language was chanting to
simulate collective effort, whether moving
great stones to block off cave entrances
from roving carnivores or repeating
warlike phrases to inflame the fighting
spirit.

19.  E. H. Sturtevant argued that, since all real
intentions or emotions get involuntarily
expressed by gesture, look or sound,
voluntary communication must have
been invented for the purpose of lying or
deceiving. He proposed that the need to
deceive and lie--to use language in
contrast to reality for selfish ends-- was the
social prompting that got language
started.

20.  Instead of looking at the types of sounds
as the source of human speech we can
look at the types of physical features,
related to speech production. These
physical features are called “articulators”.
Here we can have a list of active
articulators:-
 Teeth.
 Lips.
 Larynx.
 Pharynx.
 Tongue.
 Mouth.

21.  Teeth and lips Human teeth are upright,
not slanting outwards like those of apes,
and they are roughly even in height. Such
characteristics are not very useful for
ripping or tearing food and seem better
adapted for grinding and chewing. They
are also very helpful in making sounds.

22.  The human mouth is relatively small
compared to other primates and can be
opened and closed rapidly. It is also part
of an extended vocal tract that has much
more of an L-shape than the fairly straight
path from front to back in other
mammals. In contrast to the fairly thin flat
tongue of other large primates, humans
have a shorter, thicker and more muscular
tongue that can be used to shape a wide
variety of sounds inside the oral cavity.

23.  The human larynx or “voice box” (containing
the vocal folds or vocal cords) differs
significantly in position from the larynx of other
primates such as monkeys. In the course of
human physical development, the
assumption of an upright posture moved the
head more directly above the spinal column
and the larynx dropped to a lower position.
This created a longer cavity called the
pharynx, above the vocal folds, which acts as
a resonator for increased range and clarity of
the sounds produced via the larynx and the
vocal tract. Other primates have almost no
pharynx

24.  It is believed that human hands and some
believe that manual gestures may have
been a precursor of language. By about
two million years ago, there is evidence
that humans had developed preferential
right-handedness and had become
capable of making stone tools. Wood
tools and composite tools eventually
followed. Tool-making, or the outcome of
manipulating objects and changing them
using both hands, is evidence of a brain
at work.

25.  The human brain is not only large relative
to human body size, it is also lateralized,
that is, it has specialized functions in each
of the two hemispheres.

27.  Innateness hypothesis:-
 It is also one of the believes that humans
are genetically equipped to acquire the
language.