1. TECNOLOGIA EM REDES DE
COMPUTADORES
ATIVIDADE COMPLEMENTAR
INGLÊS
INSTRUMENTAL
PROFº. GENION BEZERRA DA
COSTA
2. Equipe
José Carlos da Rocha Ximenes
Francisco Ederson de Oliveira
Fagner Mota Barros
Júlio Cesar Tavares Silvestre
Antônio Leandro Diniz da Silva
Matheus Mendes Rodrigues
Ricardo de Moura Alves
Antônio Manoel Silva de Queiroz
Antônio Leandro Martins Candido
Antônio Gleydson Monteiro Paz
Romário Brito de Azevedo
3. I n ear l y 1991 Br azi l began r ecei vi ng
t he f i r st dat a t r ansf er r ed vi a t he I nt er net .
Lear n m e about how i t cam about and how t he
or e
i nt er net w at t hat t i m
as e!
4. I f you w e bor n af t er 1994, bel i eve m t her e
er e:
w as a t i m w e hen w had no i nt er net . O r at her , t he
e r
i nt er net up t her e, but access t o i t w as r est r i ct ed t o
m l i t ar y per sonnel and r esear cher s. W se, begi nni ng i n
i or
t he w l dw de net w k of com er s ser ved pr i m i l y t o
or i or put ar
exchange em l s si nce t he w pages had not been i nvent ed.
ai eb
5. I n such a net w k w devel oped i n an academ c
or as i
envi r onm , but w t h t he f undi ng of a m l i t ar y body
ent i i
speci al l y bui l t f or t hi s pur pose i n 1958: t he Advanced
R esear ch Pr oj ect s Agency (AR PA), w ch w
hi as di r ect l y
l i nked t o t he D epar t ment of D ense.
ef
The f i r st demonst r at i on of t he AR ET, w ch
PAN hi
w consi der t o be t he m her of t he I nt er net , hel d i n
e ot
August 5, 1968. O t he i nt er net you can f i nd m
n aps
show ng t he poi nt s connect ed by t he AR ET. I n
i PAN
D ecem ber 1969, f or exam e, t he net w k w
pl or as com i sed
pr
of onl y f our poi nt s. Ver y di f f er ent f r om t he vi si on w e
have i n M ch 1977, w
ar hen dozens of host s ar e
i nt er connect ed.
6. W t h t he passage of t i m and gr ow h of t he
i e t
AR ET, t he net w k began t o be used al so f or
PAN or
uni ver si t i es and, i n t he 80s, adopt ed t he TC / I P
P
pr ot ocol cur r ent l y i n use on t he i nt er net as st andar d
t echnol ogy f or com uni cat i on.
m
Coupl ed w t h t he popul ar i zat i on of per sonal
i
com er (PC and TC / I P, anot her "char act er " t hat
put ) P
hel ped t o conver ge al l of t hese t echnol ogi es f or t he
cr eat i on of t he I nt er net was t he N SFnet , a net w k
or
cr eat ed by t he N i onal Sci ence Foundat i on i n or der t o
at
i nt er connect ot her net w ks.
or
7.
8. What made possi bl e t he advent of t he I nt er net i n
Br azi l w as anot her pr edecessor of t he net w k: BI TN
or ET, a
net w k of uni ver si t i es f ounded i n 1981 and l i nki ng t he
or
C t y U ver si t y of N Yor k (C N t o Yal e U ver si t y i n
i ni ew U Y) ni
Connect i cut .
On Brazilian soil, the Bitnet connected the Foundation
for Research Support of São Paul o (FAPESP) t o t he Fer m l abi
physi cs l abor at or y speci al i zi ng i n t he st udy of at om c
i
par t i cl es, w ch w i n I l l i noi s, U
hi as SA.
FER I LAB
M
9. I n 1990 he w as cr eat ed a N i onal R
at esear ch
N w k (R P), t he M ni st r y of
et or N i Sci ence and
Technol ogy, i n or der t o depl oy an i nf r ast r uct ur e
w t h nat i onal cover age f or i nt er net ser vi ces. And
i
si nce t he i nt er net i s popul ar i zava bet w een t he
academ c com uni t y of t he U t ed St at es, Fer m l ab
i m ni i
al so deci ded t o adopt t he new t echnol ogy. H ever , ow
w t hout abandoni ng t he use of BI TN
i ET. Ther ef or e,
over t i m t he connect i on bet w
e een FAPESP and
Fer m l ab t ur ned out t he onl y exi t r out e dat a f r om
i
Br azi l t o t he w l d and t he m n connect i on t o t he
or ai
i nt er net t upi ni qui m i n ear l y 1991. The Foundat i on
w al so r esponsi bl e f or adm ni st er i ng t he dom ni o.
as i i
"Br " and t he di st r i but i on of I Ps t o Br azi l .
10. Anot her novel t y w i n t he nat i onal net w k
as or
expansi on w t hi n t he count r y. A new connect i on
i
i nt er connect ed FAPESP N i onal
at Labor at or y for
Scientific Computing (LNCC), in Rio de Janeiro. Later,
Internet connections were also extended to other institutions
in São Paul o, R o de Janei r o, R o G ande do Sul and
i i r
M nas G ai s. These connect i ons w e usi ng pr i vat e
i er er
l i nes t hat oper at ed i n t he r ange 2400 t o 9600
bi t s per second (bps).
The connect i on i t sel f bet w een FAPESP and
oper at ed at Fer m l ab Sept em
i ber 4800 bps t o 1990,
w hen i t cam t o t r avel on dat a at 9600 bps. Thi s
e
val ue i s much l ow t han w have t oday i n our hom
er e es,
w t h connect i ons up t o 10 m
i egabi t s per second (Mbps),
f or exam e. Today, t he cur r ent connect i on f r om
pl
FAPESP oper at es i n t he r ange of 10 G gabi t s per
i
second (G bps).
11. I n 1992 t he R P had al r eady i m em ed a
N pl ent
nat i onw de net w k, connect i ng 11 st at e capi t al s
i or
t hr ough a m esh of 9600 bps. Si nce t he connect i ons
bet w een Br asi l i a, R o de Janei r o, Sao Paul o and
i
Por t o Al egr e had l i nks t o 64,000 bps.
Anot her novel t y i n t he sam year w
e as t he
em gence of or gani zat i ons t hat l ook and act
er
l ocal l y, st at ew de. The R ver N w k, f or exam e,
i i et or pl
connect ed school s i n R o de Janei r o usi ng l i nks of
i
64,000 bps. Lat er t he i nst i t ut i on w as cal l ed t he
C i f or ni a
al Educat i on and Resear ch Feder at i on
N w k) at t he C put er C er of San D ego, U t ed
et or om ent i ni
St at es.
In São Paulo emerged Academic Network at
São Paulo (ANSP), which has linked the University of
São Paul o (U SP), St at e U ver si t y of C pi nas
ni am
(U I C P), U ver si dade Est adual Paul i st a (U ESP),
N AM ni N
and I PT, I nst i t ut e of Technol ogi cal Resear ch St at e
of Sao Paul o.
12. D i ng t hi s per i od t he connect i on l i nki ng t he
ur
Fer m l ab FAPESP al so w an upgr ade, f r om t r avel on t he
i on
dat a at 64 ki l obi t s per second (Kbps, 64000 bps). I n
addi t i on, st at e net w ks have al so em ged i n M nas
or er i
G ai s, Per nam
er buco, R o G ande do Sul and t he Feder al
i r
D st r i ct .
i
The i nt er net st ar t s get t i ng even m e
or
i nt er est i ng w t h t he em gence of t he W l d W de W
i er or i eb
(W W i n 1990. The per son r esponsi bl e f or w i t i ng t he
W) r
H TTP pr ot ocol t hat enabl es t he t r ansf er of w pages t o
eb
br ow s,
ser was Ti m hy
ot Ber ner s-Lee, who r ecent l y
par t i ci pat ed as a speaker at C pus Par t y Br azi l .
am
13. I n 1993 r esear cher s at t he U ver si t y of
ni
I l l i noi s U bana-C pai gn cr eat ed M
r ham osai c, t he f i r st
br ow ser t o w k on W ndow
or i s, w ch al so f avor ed a
hi
gr eat er popul ar i t y of t he web.
I n 1994, t he I nt er net f i nal l y l eaves t he
academ c ni che and begi ns t o be m ket ed t o t he
i ar
gener al publ i c. I n Br azi l , Em at el l aunches I nt er net
br
Ser vi ce C m ci al ,
om er exper i m al l y
ent and w th
i
i nt er nat i onal connect i on of 256 Kbps. Fi ve t housand
user s w e chosen t o t est t he ser vi ce.
er
14. In M ay 1995 t he ser vi ce began t o
oper at e i n a def i ni t i ve way and t o avoi d t he
st at e m onopol y of I nt er net i n Br azi l , t he
M ni st r y of C m cat i ons has m
i om uni ade publ i c i t s
posi t i on i n f avor of com er ci al expl oi t at i on of
m
t he gl obal net w k i n t he count r y.
or
The i nt er net has becom t he cover of
e
m agazi nes and even t he subj ect of t he novel , i s
i ncr easi ngl y popul ar , gr ow ng so am ng. I n
i azi
1996 w as l aunched m or por t al s and I SPs
aj
connect i on t o t he net w k i n Br azi l and i n
or
1998, t he count r y al r eady occupi ed t he 19t h
pl ace i n num ber of host s i n t he w l d and l ed
or
t he podi um i n Sout h Am i ca i n t he Am i can
er er
.S.
cont i nent w second onl y t o t he St at es U and
as
C anada.
15. Consol i dat ed was t he use of I nt er net i n Br azi l .
N l y t en year s l at er , i n 2007, Br azi l m
ear oved about 114
bi l l i on dol l ar s i n com er ce and had a base of 40 m l l i on
m i
com er s i n t he count r y. Accor di ng t o I bope / N R i ngs,
put et at
w had about 18 m l l i on r esi dent i al I nt er net user s.
e i
Accor di ng t o Ibope NetRatings, we are now 79.9
million Internet users tupiniquins, Brazil is the 5th most wired
country. According to Fecomércio-R psos, t he per cent age of
J/I
Brazilians connected to the Internet increased from 27% to 48%
between 2007 and 2011. The main site access is the Internet
café (31%), f ol l ow ed by hom (27%) and t he hom of
e e
r el at i ves of f r i ends, w t h 25% (Apr i l 2010). Br azi l i s
i
t he 5t h count r y w t h t he l ar gest num
i ber of I nt er net
connect i ons.