1) Teaching about antibiotics needs to focus on rational use and combating antibiotic resistance by emphasizing which drugs target specific bacteria. 2) Students often overlook basic principles of antibiotic classes and mechanisms of action when eager to recite drug names, so teaching needs to start with fundamentals before discussing individual drugs. 3) A framework organizing antibiotics by the bacteria they target, common infections and their typical causes can help students establish a mental model for infectious disease knowledge.