Organogenesis is the process by which the three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm) develop into internal organs through cell proliferation, migration, aggregation and differentiation. It occurs primarily during weeks 3-8 of pregnancy, when all essential external and internal structures are formed. This embryonic stage represents a critical period of development, as the environment can have its greatest impact on development through disrupting processes like cell division and gene expression. Exposure to teratogens during this period increases the risk of abnormalities, while the pre-embryonic stage is more resistant and the fetal stage impacts functioning but less often causes defects.