Organizing is the process of identifying and grouping work, delegating responsibilities, and establishing relationships to enable efficient collaboration. It involves dividing tasks, establishing lines of communication and authority, and setting rules and regulations. The key principles of organizing are unity of objectives, specialization, efficiency, unity of command, span of control, balance, responsibility, authority, and flexibility. The span of management refers to the number of subordinates one manager can effectively oversee and is determined by factors like the manager and subordinates' abilities, the nature of work, and the level of decentralization.