4. BIO DATA OF ENTERPRENEURS :
1.N.RAVI TEJA KUMAR REDDY
Bsc Ag 3rd yr
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE
PJTSAU
5. MY CAPABILITIES
• GOOD COMMUNICATION SKILLS
• WELL BUSINESS PLANNING
• KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS
• INITIATIVENESS
• ACCEPTANCE OF RISK
• GOOD PATIENCE AND FLEXIBILITY
• VISION AND DYNAMIC CAPABILITY
• HOPE OF SUCCESS
• INNOVATIVENESS
• GOOD AWARENESS ON GOVT. POLICIES
6. Demand for organic food is likely to grow, because consumers are
more likely to see organically grown food as a healthy and nutritious
option to conventionally grown products. There is a good chance that
India’s organic opportunity could scale from $500 million to about
$2 billion — approx. $1 billion catering to the domestic market and
$1 billion for export markets — by 2020.
organically grown foods can be stored longer as there wont be any
deterioration effect of hormones or other chemicals…
Lower Input Costs because most of them are prepared on farm
7. Food Tastes Better Animals and people have the sense of
taste to allow them to discern the quality of the food they
ingest.
Poison-free A major benefit to consumers of organic food is
that it is free of contamination with health harming
chemicals such as pesticides, fungicides and herbicides
Nutrition
The nutritional value of food is largely a function of its
vitamin and mineral content. In this regard, organically grown
food is dramatically superior in mineral content to that grown
by modern conventional methods.
Venture Location it is close to habitation of well settled
people
8. Government of India is promoting organic farming through
various schemes like
1.National Project on Organic Farming (NPOF)
2.National Horticulture Mission (NHM),
3.Horticulture Mission for North East & Himalayan States
(HMNEH)
4.National Project on Management of Soil Health and Fertility
(NPMSH&F)
5.Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY)
6.Network Project on Organic Farming of Indian Council of
Agricultural Research (ICAR).
CONSTITUTION & ORGANISATION
9. Certification of Organic crop production by INDOCERT
Standards of certification
(i) National standards for organic production (NPOP), Govt. of India
(ii) European Union regulations for organic production rules equivalent to EC.No.834/2007
(iii) United States organic standards USDANOP (National Organic Programme)
10. Institutional/ organizational issues 2.12 Presently,
organic farming is promoted through the following
Ministries:
Ministry of Commerce
(i) National Programme for Organic Production (NPOP)
(ii) National standards for organic products and processes & accreditation of Certification Agencies
Ministry of Agriculture
(i) National Project on Oranic Farming (NPOF) (2004)
(ii) National Centre for Organic Farming (NCOF) alongwith Regional centers of Organic Farming under
NPoF)
(iii) Network project on organic farming (NePOF) under ICAR.
11. FORM – 5
FORMAT FOR FARM CERTIFICATE
Accreditation no. of the certifier
Certifier’s name and address
FARM CERTIFICATE
No.
Name and address of farm
Product category
Area of farm
Size of processing unit
Based on the inspection conducted and Memorandum of Understanding, the certifier (name) herewith
certifies that the above mentioned operation produces according to the organic methods of NSOP.
Date____________ Signature
Place____________ Seal
Validity of certification
12. Name & Description of the seller
Name & Description of the buyer
The date of delivery of the product
The date of issue of certificate
Clear indication of the product, its quantity, quality and season.
Lot numbers and other identification (marks) of the products.
Reference to invoice or bill of lading.
An indication of the Certification Programme and applicable standard.
A statement from the certifier that the product is produced according to the applicable standards.
15. Organic farming is a method of crop and livestock
production that involves much more than choosing not
to use pesticides, fertilizers, genetically modified
organisms, antibiotics and growth hormones.
Integrated Organic farming is a method of farming
system, which primarily aims at cultivating the land
and raising crops in such a way, so as to keep the soil
alive and in good health.
16. With the increase in awareness of the multiple health risks of foods
grown with chemical , more and more people are turning away from
food products are grown with fertilizers and other chemicals
towards organically grown food.
Organic farming was normally done on small, family-run farms. But
since the demand for organically grown food products is now
increasing, people are investing in land for organic farming.
Organic farming is friendlier to the environment and is more
sustainable compared to newer farming techniques. So, not only can
make huge profits from organic farming, but you will also help
protect the environment and the planet as a whole.
17. Product details:
Our products include
Agricultural produce and live stock produce
Live stock produce include milk, eggs and other end products… they are all produced organic
and we are providing them at our best quality…
We are producing milk both from cows and buffaloes…
Cow milk
Breed : Gir
Product type : Organic
Form : Raw milk
Quantity : 8 lit /day
Price/unit : 50
18. Buffallo milk
Breed : Murra
Product type : Organic
Form : Raw milk
Quantity : 8 lit /day
Price/unit : 50
Eggs from hens
Variety :Giri raja
Area cultivated (in acres) : 0.2
Product type : Organic
Quantity :100
Price/unit :4
19. Paddy
Paddy var : RNR 15048 (TELANGANA SONA) with low glycemic index of 51.5 it is very rich in
fibre and low in glucose content… it is very helpful for diabetic patients and the quality of grain
is of finest quality thin and medium length..
Product type : Organic
Stage : post harvest
Quantity :240 bags
price/ unit :1000
Red gram :
Variety :ICPH 2740 (Mannem konda kandi)
Product type : organic
Stage :Ready to harvest
Quantity :40 bags
Price/unit :2000
Ground nut :
Variety :Kadiri - 6
Product type : Organic
Stage :pre harvest
Quantity :30 bags
Price/unit :1500
20. Vegetables :
Carrot
Variety :Namdhari Super Kuroda
Area cultivated (in acres) : 0.25
Product type : organic
Stage : ready to harvest
Quantity :4600
Price/unit :40
Cauliflower :
Variety :sigenta 1522
Area cultivated (in acres) : 0.25
Product type : organic
Stage : ready to harvest
Quantity :4600
Price/unit :20
Cucumber :
Variety :Japanese long green
Area cultivated (in acres) : 0.25
Product type : organic
Stage : ready to harvest
Quantity :1500
Price/unit :25
21. Peas :
Variety :Jawahar peas 15
Area cultivated (in acres) : 0.25
Product type : organic
Stage : ready to harvest
Quantity :1200
Price/unit :25
Tomato :
Variety :Tomato800
Area cultivated (in acres) : 0.5
Product type : organic
Stage :pre harvest
Quantity :7000
Price/unit :20
Onion :
Variety :A1
Area cultivated (in acres) : 0.5
Product type : organic
Stage :pre harvest
22. Brinjal :
Variety :Green stripe
Area cultivated (in acres) : 0.25
Product type : organic
Stage :ready to harvest
Quantity :240 kg
Price/unit :20
Bhendi :
Variety :Nuziveedu Hy Bendi
Area cultivated (in acres) : 0.25
Product type : organic
Stage : ready to harvest
Quantity :1200
Price/unit :30
23. TYPE :Medium size
SITE :Uppal village, Ieeja mandal , Gadwal dist.
own land, it is a cultivable land with sufficient water sources
RAW MATERIALS : very few raw materials like seeds initially, fuel for
machinery, useful bacterial strains for bio fertilisers ,concoctions
and packing materials like gunny bags cardboards and plastic tupper ware etc.
LABOUR : available according to the season, permanent labour which we have
are skilled and well trained by us…
24. Utilities :
Power and water : 20 HP power is required and 1500 litres of
water is required to meet the requirements of all
Farm activities and livestock
Pollution control : no chance for any pollution or harm to
environment
Communication system : we have telephonic and email sources
Transport facilities : we have a TATA ACE and a TRACTOR for
transport from farm to outlet which is 30 km away
26. NOTE :yield from vegetables varies accordingly. As we change the plan of sowing of
varieties for various reasons .. but per day average yield of various vegetables is
calculated and given below…
S.No. vegetable yield
1 Carrot 25
2 Cauliflower 10
3 French bean 5
4 Cucumber 20
5 Peas 5
6 Palak 3
7 Tomato 40
8 Onion 25
9 Brinjal 15
10 Bhendi 15
27. MARKET POTENTIAL
Demand and supply position : demand for organic produce is
higher in this place actually..
people here are well educated and there are many NGOs
present in this area promoting organic farming
to supply the needs of people…
On an average we are able to meet the requirements of 150
people per day from the products of our enterprise
28. MARKETING STRATEGY
Market for organic produce is increasing day by day due to its significance in
maintaining good health. New markets are being established for direct output of
organic produce through recognized outlets with varied brand names. Some specific
crops also have very good prospects of exports to gulf countries and some European
countries..
Our main objective is to keep organic enterprise in the top position as the quality
producers of various vegetables and grains..
We want to communicate the message that we are the finest grower of high quality
organic foods. This message will be communicate through a variety of methods..
• It is through advertisements and flexy raising in main areas..
• It is also conveyed by arranging mass meeting for various occasions
30. How are we different ?
o We have knowledge about the practices and values of the organic farming
o We empower our customers with the knowledge of organic food health
benefits.
o We help catalyze business growth by maintaining proper relations with
customers
o We serve a wide array of customers , from small job holders to rich
business class
o We are with the aim of benefiting our consumer health without costing
additional profits..
31. Sectors We Cover
o Ayurvedic And Herbal Medicines, Herbal and Cosmetics
o Bio-fertilizers And Biotechnology
o Breakfast Snacks And Cereal Food
o Dairy/Milk Processing
o Disinfectants, Pesticides, Insecticides, Mosquito Repellents,
o Confectionery, Bakery/Baking And Other Food
33. Organic Livestock
Organic cattle farming is a method for raising cattle in a
more "natural" way.
animals raised this way are allowed to graze on natural
foods and have access to the outdoors.
Feed for animals is grown organically,
Not given antibiotics or hormones.
Animals often have much better living conditions than most
large-scale cattle farms that are often crowded and prevent
cattle from getting much exercise in order to maximize
profits.
Farm Yard manure is used for producing organic manure
through vermi-composting, and bio-gas production
34. Organic livestock farming practices
Breeds and breeding- ◦ use of well adapted breeds, ◦
conserve animal genetic resource biodiversity
Pasture management ◦ access to pastures
Animal nutrition ◦ No growth hormones ◦ No animal
by-products in feed
Housing, ◦ Loose and comfortable
Animal health and disease management ◦ Minimal use of
antibiotics
Manure must be managed to prevent contamination of
crops, soil or water by plant nutrients, pathogenic
organisms, heavy metals or residues of prohibited
substances.
35. Land preparation:
Firstly we plough the land along with fym so that fym gets incorporated in to the soil
Later we are growing some green manure crops like pillipesara , daincha, sesbania and other green
manure crops.
And incorporate these green manure crops within 30 days
Now we take sowing after a stipulated time according to the crop after treating the seed with
beejamrutham.
Irrigation will be given according to the crop requirement
Weeding should be followed regularly
• Organic fertilizers are sprayed and applied to crop and also some bio agents are used to make the
nutrients in soil to be available to plants..
Organic and sustainable agriculture
36. After attaining some period there comes time for the pest and disease management..
*Initially we use traps
*Crop rotation
*Mixed cropping
*Deep ploughing
*Natural predators and parasitoids
*Using of resistant varieties
*When this incidence crosses the economic threshold level we are using following formulations :
For different pest control :
*NSKE neem seed kernel extract @5%
*Agnasthram
*Brahmastram
*Tobacco decoction etc are used
37.
38. Crop rotation.
Cover cropping.
Addition of compost/FYM.
Application of green manures.
Application of crop residues.
Supplemental application of organically
approved amendments.
Animal manures.
Use of biofertilizers.
NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
39. CROP ROTATION
The practice of growing a sequence of
plant species on the same land.
One of the very basic building blocks
of organic farming systems.
The crop rotation in organic farming
must provide the soil fertility required
for maintaining productivity and it
must prevent problems with weeds,
pests and diseases.
A proper sequence of crops in time
and space and through the use of N2
fixing crops and cover crops.
40. Pivotal parts of every organic farmer’s management scheme.
They are crucial to the main goals of building soil health and
preventing soil erosion.
Tools for increasing fertility and controlling weeds, pathogens,
and insects in organic crops.
Non leguminous cover crops, typically grasses or small grains,
do not fix nitrogen but can be effective in recovering
mineralized nitrogen from soil after crops are harvested.
When legume or grass cover crops are killed and incorporated
into the soil, living microorganisms in the soil go to work to
decompose plant residues.
The biomass nitrogen is mineralized and converted first to
ammonium (NH4) and then to nitrate compounds (NO3) that
plant roots can take up and use.
COVER CROPPING
42. ADDITION OF COMPOST/FYM
A biological process that requires careful monitoring of air and
moisture levels in compost piles or windrows to produce specific
temperature ranges that promote the growth of beneficial
microorganisms.
The regular addition of compost is one of the best ways to enhance
soil organic and humus content, which helps to build a fertile soil
structure.
Populations of microorganisms that make soil come alive with
productivity and enable plants to battle diseases and pests thrive in
such an environment.
A way to recycle manures and plant residues that otherwise might
present some environmental problems.
Soil with 4% OM contains 4000 lbs total nitrogen/acre.
44. APPLICATION OF GREEN MANURES
A practice of ploughing or turning into the soil, undecomposed
green plant tissues for the purpose of improving the soil fertility.
Objective: To add an organic matter into the soil and thus, enrich
it with ‘N’ which is most important and deficient nutrient.
Types of green manuring :
1. Green manuring in-situ: When green manure crops are grown in
the field itself either as a pure crop or as intercrop with the
main crop and buried in the same field, it is known as Green
manuring In-situ. E.g.: Sunhemp, Dhaicha, Pillipesara, Shervi,
Urd, Mung, Cowpea, Berseem, Senji, etc.
2. Green leaf manuring: It refers to turning into the soil green
leaves and tender green twigs collected from shrubs and tress
grown on bunds, waste lands and nearby forest area. E.g.:
Glyricidia, wild Dhaicha, Karanj.
46. APPLICATION OF CROP RESIDUES
Serve as soil cover and organic manure.
Both the amounts produced and their nature varies
between crop types.
For example, cereal straw contains only around 35 kg
N/ha and has a wide C:N ratio, compared with more
than 150 kg N/ha for some vegetable residues, with
a narrow C:N ratio.
The narrow C:N ratio of green leafy residues means
that N is released much more rapidly than from
cereal straw.
49. Fig. Artificial Soil Amendments
certified by authorized body
Fig. Alfalfa
pellets
50. Poultry and animal manures also provide nutrients to the plants.
Fresh manure, especially slurry and poultry manure, contains
considerable proportion of N in readily available (principally
ammonium-N) forms, which can be easily and rapidly lost to the
atmosphere.
Animals and poultry should be fed with organic feeds.
High organic matter and macro nutrients
ANIMAL MANURES.
51. One of the important components of integrated nutrient management
Cost effective and renewable source of plant nutrients to supplement
the chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture
Accelerate certain microbial processes in the soil which augment the
extent of availability of nutrients in a form easily assimilated by
plants.
Several microorganisms and their association with crop plants are
being exploited in the production of biofertilizers.
BIO-FERTILIZERS
53. Fig . Market available Bio-fertilizers for organic farming
54. WEED MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING
• Cultural Methods of Weed Control, Tillage, Tillage combined with
irrigation, Timing, Seeding rates and cultivar selection, Cropping
systems, Use of animals, Flooding, Mulching, Fire, Composting, Hoeing
and hand weeding, Farmer's care, Straw disposal, Biological Control of
Weeds Using Insects, Weed suitability to biological control, Classical
approach, Characteristics of weeds and problems, Weed survey for
Natural enemies, Introduction of natural enemies, Use of Pathogens in
Weed Suppression, Mycoherbicides, Characteristics of good
Mycoherbicide, Use of seed-borne and seed infecting microorganisms,
Parasitic Weeds, Management strategies for parasitic weeds, Biological
control, Ecological Principles, Research Needs
55. PEST MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING
• Pest Management Methods, Biological alternatives, Organically
acceptable chemical alternatives, Cultural alternatives, Biological
Control, Advantages of Bio-control:, Botanical pesticides, Bacterial
insecticides, Viral insecticides, Microbial antibiotics, Biological
control in field crops, Other Crops, Botanics for Storage Pest
Control, Seed treatment with materials of plant origin for insect
control, Active principles, Cultural Practices/Ecological Methods,
Optimum site conditions, Diversity over Time, Rotations, Diversity in
space, Habitant enhancement, Role of Non-crop vegetation, Trap
crops, Constructed traps, Plant resistance to pests, Traditional
Practices for Pest Control, Other Management Practices
58. Misc assets:
S.No. Particulars Amount
1 Furniture, storage racks, exhaust fans 75000 (5% D = 3750)
2 Shop infrastructure 100000
3 @ 5% depriciation 420000
4 Shop contract for 5 yrs 420000 (i.e. 7000/month)
5 Farm development for roads, shelter belts, pathways.. 200000
6 Total fixed capital 4389000
59. Working capital :
S.No. Particulars Amount
1 Temporary labour 4 people * rs 200*300 days 240000
2 Bacterial strains 5000
3 Concoctions 5000
4 Gunny bags 20000
5 Processing of agri produce 10000
6 Miscellaneous cost 50000
7 Interest on bank loan @ 9% 180000
8 Salary to shop keeper @ 120000 * 2 people 240000
9 Promotional activities per month 3000
10 Insurance @ 2% for crop and livestock 20000
11 Power and water requirement 150000
12 Depreciation @ 5 % 7500
Total variable cost 930500
60. Balance sheet
Assets Liabilities
Current assets Current liabilities
Cash in hand 1000000 Salary and wages 480000
Cash in bank 2500000
Total 3500000 Total 480000
Fixed assets Fixed liabilities
Vehicles 1100000 Loans 2500000
Depreciation @ 5% 55000 Total liabilities 2920000
Others 175000 Net worth TA – TL
Total 1330000 4030000-298000
Total assets = CA + FA 4830000 1250000
TVA NW+TL
1293750 + 2920000
4830000
61. Sales projected :
Total income from vegetables / 2 seasons = 641800 * 2 = Rs 1283600
Total income from cereals and pulses = Rs.325000
Total income from livestock = 1112000
Annual income
= 2720600
Return / annum
Net profit = Return – Variable cost
= 2720600 – 930500
= 1790100
62. Cash flow statement :
Component 1st year 2nd year 3rd year 4th year 5th year
Cash inflow 2720600 3220600 3720600 4220600 4320600
Cash outflow 930500 1230500 1530500 1830500 2130500
Net cash flow 2015100 2070100 2325100 2480100 2635100
Interest @ 9% 225000 180000 135000 90000 45000
Break even point 68.5 66.9 65.36 64.57 63.15
64. Ratio measures :
Return on investment (ROI) = Net profit / capital employed (FC)
= 2720600 / 4309000
= 0.679
This implies that for every one rupee of our investment we get a return of 0.62 paise
S.No. Net profit Capital employed ROI
1 3220600 4389000 0.97
2 3720600 4389000 1.09
3 4220600 4389000 1.15
4 4720600 4389000 1.20
65. Break even point :
Break even point = FC × 100
FC+P
= 4389000
4389000 + 1790100
= 68.5
It implies that when our production reaches 68.5 % we get
no profit or no loss and from the next sale of our product
profit starts…
66. Profitability ratio (PR)
PR = Net profit
Total capital investment
= 1790100
5319500
= 33.65
It implies that firms ability to turn each rupee of investment
into profits for the amount of every Rs.100 investment we
generate Rs. 33.65….
67. Debt Equity Ratio
Debt equity ratio = Debts (TL) × 100
NW
= 2920000 × 100
1893750
= 73 %
It implies that lenders contribution of 0.73 for every one rupee…
68.
69. STRENGHTHS
Government Initiatives
Increasing health consciousness among consumers
Premium price and reduced production costs.
Natural resource conservation.
Biodiversity conservation.
Reduced contamination.
Social impacts : generation of rural employment, sustainable
health, lower urban migration, food security, safety and quality.
Reduced dependence on external inputs.
70. WEAKNESS
• A thought of assuming High prices of organic foods in people
• Certification barriers
• Requirement for more labour input than conventional farms
• Lack of quality standards for bio manures and other inputs.
• Problems regarding the availability of organic , bio fertilizers and bio pesticides.
71. • Lack of proper knowledge about organic tools and practices.
• Difficulties for ensuring continuous market for organic products.
• During the conversion period (2-3 years) yield will be poor and there
will not be any premium price for the products.
• Lack of financial support from government for certification, research &
development etc.
• Practicability of feeding ever increasing population and its economic
viability
72. OPPURTUNITIES
• India enjoys the comparative advantage of being an agricultural
country at a predominant stage with larger quantities of production
• There is high demand for organic vegetables within local markets and
for spices and fruits in export market
• Labour is comparatively cheap compared to agro chemicals
• NGO sector is very strong and established close linkages with us
• Govt is recognizing the importance of organic farming and making
policies in favor…
73. THREATS
• High cost of certification
• No marketing support and comparatively low subsidies
• Low price realization
• No dependable supply of organic produce
• Seasonal variations or natural hazards may pose threat to our enterprise
74. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL VARIABLES:
• EMPLOYMENT GENERATION : We are supplying employment
to 3 pairs of permanent labours and other labour include skilled
and unskilled labour for a period of 250 employment days
• LOCAL RESOURCE UTILIZATION : our enterprise is
completely dependent on efficient and meaning full utilization
of land…
75. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND
BUSINESS ETHICS
• We are providing fair wages and salaries with good working conditions
• We are providing regular supply of good quality goods and/or services to
its consumers/customers at reasonable prices.
• We are following all government rules and regulations in regard with
certification and marketing
• We are contributing to the betterment of local community in our area by
establishing solar street lamps and also conducting regular health
checkups
• We are not contributing to any type of pollution and instead we are
working for the betterment of environment
77. FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE AVAILED:
• NAME OF BANK :ICICI
• AMOUNT OF LOAN :2500000
• SUBSIDY AVAILED :500000
• CONTRACTS / LICENSE & LEGAL ISSUES : We had to
produce our land documents as security and produce a copy
of our project plan along with lots of paper work
78. PROMOTION PLANS :
• Linking up with many number of NGOs to support our enterprise
• Making campaigns about organic products and their health benefits
• Conducting success parties and celebrating festivals near the output
• Raising of flexes within the town and in the outskirts
• Distribution of pamphlets
• Conducting educational tours to our enterprise for students and by
explaining them about the values of traditional agriculture
79. DIVERSIFICATION OF ENTERPRISE
:
• We are going to cross the BEP in the second year so we are
hoping to extend our enterprise by establishing a vermi compost
unit and later on add apiculture to our enterprise
• In order to meet the increasing demand for our products we
want to expand our production land gradually from 10 acres to
20 acres
• Also after gaining a good brand name for our produce we also
want to enter into processed foods of our food materials
80. References :
• Anil konduti (marketing manager)
• Watershed Support Services and Activities Network (WASSAN)
H.No. 12-13-452, Street No. 1,
Tarnaka, Secunderabad - 500 017
Landline: (040) 27015295 / 96
Email: wassanmail@gmail.com
Contact Timing: 10:00 am to 05:30 pm
• TNAU organic agriculture portal
• AG MART farmers online market
info@agmart.in
Ministry report national project on organic farming 9th report
And various sources of net for knowing the practices and yields…