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The Complete Book on
Organic Farming
and
Production of
Organic Compost
(2nd Revised Edition)
Y-1727
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Introduction www.niir.org
Organic farming is a technique that entails
growing plants and raising animals in a
natural environment. To preserve soil
fertility and ecological balance while
minimising contamination and waste, this
method employs biological materials while
avoiding synthetic substances. To put it
another way, organic farming is a form of
farming that involves growing and caring for
crops without the use of synthetic fertilizers
and pesticides. There are also no genetically
modified organisms allowed.
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Crop rotation, green manure, organic waste,
biological pest control, mineral and rock
additives are all examples of ecologically
balanced farming values. Pesticides and
fertilizers are used in organic farming if
they are considered natural, and
petrochemical fertilizers and pesticides are
avoided. Organic farming is a form of
agriculture that emerged in the early
twentieth century in response to rapidly
changing farming practices.
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Globally, certified organic agriculture covers
70 million hectares, with more than half of
it in the United States. Various groups are
also working to improve organic farming
today. It is distinguished by the use of
organic fertilizers such as compost manure,
green manure, and bone meal, as well as
crop rotation and companion planting
techniques. Biological pest control, mixed
cropping, and insect predator breeding are
all promoted.
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Organic guidelines are intended to promote
the use of naturally occurring substances
while banning or severely restricting the use
of synthetic substances. Natural pesticides
like pyrethrin and rotenone, for example,
are allowed, whereas synthetic fertilizers
and pesticides are usually forbidden. Copper
sulphate, elemental sulphur, and other
synthetic substances are all permitted. In
livestock husbandry, the use of genetically
modified organisms, nanomaterial, human
waste sludge, plant growth regulators,
hormones, and antibiotics is banned.
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Sustainability, transparency, self-
sufficiency, autonomy/independence,
wellness, food security, and food protection
are all claimed benefits of organic farming.
Many countries regulate and implement
organic agricultural practices, based in part
on the standards developed by the
International Federation of Organic
Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), an
international umbrella group for organic
farming organisations founded in 1972.
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"An integrated farming method that aims
for biodiversity, the enhancement of soil
fertility, and biological diversity while
banning synthetic pesticides, antibiotics,
synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified
organisms, and growth hormones, with
occasional exceptions" according to the
Organic Agriculture Society.
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Organic Compost
Compost is created by composting, which is
the process of breaking down organic
materials into simpler organic and inorganic
compounds. This method recycles a variety
of organic materials that would otherwise be
considered waste. Plant nutrients and
beneficial species abound in healthy
compost. Compost is used in gardens,
landscaping, horticulture, urban agriculture,
and organic farming to increase soil
fertility.
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Compost has many advantages, including
adding nutrients to the crop as a fertilizer,
serving as a soil conditioner, increasing the
humus or humic acid content of the soil,
and introducing beneficial microbe colonies
to the soil. The soil structure is improved by
the normal interaction of the soil, plant
roots, and nutrient/microorganisms in
compost. Improved soil structure would
increase the soil's ability to retain water and
control erosion. Land and stream
reclamation, wetland development, and
landfill cover may all benefit from compost.
The composting process is driven by
microorganisms, so maintaining an ideal
environment for microbial activity is
essential for safe and effective composting.
Maintaining adequate moisture and oxygen
levels, as well as assembling an acceptable
mix of organic residues or feed stocks, are
all needed. The composting process starts as
soon as the feed stocks are gathered. The
compost pile heats up as microorganisms
begin to decompose the organic materials,
and the active process of composting starts.
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Production of
Organic Compost
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Temperatures in the pile rise to 130–150°F
during this period of rapid decomposition and
can stay there for several weeks. Since
aerobic decomposition is the most effective
and produces finished compost in the shortest
amount of time, maintaining adequate
aeration during this period of intense
microbial activity is particularly essential.
Temperatures in the compost pile drop to
about 100°F as readily available organic
matter is consumed and decomposition slows,
and the curing process starts.
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The compost can be stored at this stage.
Static piles, windrows (elongated piles), and
in-vessel (enclosed) composting are all
popular on-farm composting methods.
Compost piles that are not turned are known
as static piles. Static pile systems must be
aerated to maintain microbial activity and
proper temperatures in order to fulfil National
Organic Program specifications. To do this,
perforated pipe is mounted at the pile's base,
and fans or blowers are often used to push air
through the pile.
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Uses of Organic
Farming
Organic farming uses less pesticides,
prevents soil erosion, reduces nitrate
leaching into groundwater and surface
water, and recycles livestock waste back
into the field as compared to traditional
agriculture. These advantages are offset by
higher commodity food prices and generally
lower yields. Organic crop yields have been
found to be around 25% lower than
conventionally grown crops on average,
though this varies greatly depending on the
type of crop.
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Organic agriculture's potential challenge
would be to sustain its environmental
advantages, raise yields, and lower prices
when dealing with climate change and a
growing global population. Organic farming
can be lucrative, and customers like organic
food because it is both nutritious and
ethical.
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Organic farming methods, however, have many
environmental advantages in addition to
financial and ethical considerations.
• Pesticide and chemical exposure is reduced.
• Organic farming promotes soil health.
• Erosion control.
• Combating Global Warming's Consequences.
• Organic farming helps to save water and
improves water quality.
• Preventing Algal Blooms.
• Assisting in animal health and welfare.
• Biodiversity is boosted by organic farming.
• Reduced energy consumption.
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Uses of Organic Compost
Compost produced in accordance with the
above production criteria can be used in
organic production systems with no time
limit between application and crop harvest.
Organic farming can also use composts that
don't meet the above production
requirements. If they contain animal
manure, however, they must be applied to
agricultural land in compliance with NOP
manure regulations…
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Which state that raw animal manure must
be composted unless one of the following
requirements is met:
• Incorporated into the soil not less than
120 days prior to the harvest of a
commodity whose edible component has
direct contact with the soil surface or soil
particles
• Applied to land used for a crop not
intended for human consumption
• Added to the soil at least 90 days before
the harvest of a commodity whose edible
part does not come into direct contact
with the soil surface or soil Particles.
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Market of Organic Farming
The global compost market is projected to
hit $9.2 billion by 2024, with a compound
annual growth rate of 6.8% from 2019 to
2024. The compost market appears to have
a bright future, with applications in
agriculture, home planting, landscaping,
horticulture, and building. The growing
demand for organic products, as well as
increased awareness of the dangers of
chemical fertilizers and pesticides, are the
primary drivers of this market.
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The growth of biodynamic compost and the
use of biochar in composting are two
emerging developments that have a direct
effect on the industry's dynamics. Composts
are sold by Harvest Power, Pacific, Worm
Power, Dirt Hugger, Agrilife, MyNoke,
Nutrisoil, Davo's Worm Farm, Dirty Dynasty,
and Kahariam Farms, among others. Harvest
Power, Cocoa Corporation, Dirt Hugger,
Worm Power, and others are among the
compost companies profiled in this article.
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Due to its ability to recycle nutrients back
into the soil and minimise yard waste, yard
trimming compost will continue to be the
most common segment over the forecast era.
Because of its unique properties as a raw
compost agent and high moisture content,
food waste compost is expected to grow the
fastest. Agriculture will continue to be the
largest segment of the compost industry,
owing to rising demand for organic goods and
customer awareness of food quality.
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Horticulture is expected to develop at the
fastest rate due to safer, healthier, and more
environmentally friendly food production.
Due to the growth of the agriculture, home
gardening, landscaping horticulture, and
construction industries, Asia Pacific is
projected to remain the largest area and to
experience the highest growth over the
forecast period.
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About The Book
Organic farming, composed of organic
fertilizers as an integral virtue, continues to
remain a lucrative bet for the expanding
agricultural industry, in line with growing
organic food appeal to consumers as a
healthy and ethical choice. Beyond ethics,
organic fertilizers are gaining significant
traction on account of numerous
environmental benefits, such as enhanced
soil structure and water conservation.
Growing awareness among farmers about the
nutritional benefits of plant based and
animal based fertilizers and their role in
promoting growth of earthworm and…
other microbiological activities vital for
plant growth are fuelling adoption of organic
fertilizers. Animal based organic fertilizers
are garnering significant traction over plant
based variants owing to their good aeration
and water retention capabilities that
enhance the soil fertility. As consumers
today are inclined towards clean labels and
seeking transparency in everything they
consume, organic has emerged as a
promising approach to address these
concerns. In light of these beneficial aspects
of organic approaches and after gauging the
futuristic opportunistic value of organic
fertilizers.
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Increasing health issues such as diabetes,
obesity and digestive disorders are also one
of the factors driving the growth of the
organic food. The increased accessibility of
organic food and beverages in retail outlets
make it more convenient for consumers to
purchase these products. Asia-Pacific is also
expected to rapidly increase in CAGR, owing
to the changing lifestyles and increase in
consumer disposable income. Organic food
products and shifting consumer preference
towards organic food are among the major
factors expected to boost demand for
organic food products in India.
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Growing awareness among the consumers
regarding the benefits of organic fertilizers
over chemical fertilizers, and increasing
awareness among farmers and cultivators
towards eco-friendly fertilizers. The
escalating demand for organic food products
is likely to create a dire need for large scale
development of organic fertilizers in the
forthcoming years, which in turn will create
a wide field of opportunities for
stakeholders. Sensing the growing demand
for organic fertilizers, market goliaths have
shifted their focus on expanding their
organic fertilizer produce to capitalize on
the growing unmet demand from consumers.
The book cover various aspects related to
different organic farming and production of
organic compost with their agriculture process
and also provides contact details of machinery
suppliers with equipment photographs and plant
layout. A total guide to manufacturing and
entrepreneurial success in one of today’s
organic farming and compost industry. This
book is one-stop guide to one of the fastest
growing sectors of the organic farming and
compost industry, where opportunities abound
for manufacturers, retailers, and entrepreneurs.
This is the only complete handbook on the
commercial production of organic farming and
compost. It serves up a feast of how-to
information, from concept to purchasing
equipment.
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Table of Contents
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1. INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC FARMING
• Indian Agriculture before the Green Revolution
• The Green Revolution
• Impact of Green Revolution on the Environment
• Why Organic Farming?
2. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ORGANIC
FARMING
• The Background
• Characteristics of Sustainable Agriculture
• Definition of Sustainable Agriculture
• Organic Farming
• National Programme for Organic Production
(Features)
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3. CONCEPTS, DEFINITION AND COMPONENTS
• Concept and Definition
• Organic vs Natural Farming
• Essential Characteristics of Organic Farming
• Key Principles of Organic Agriculture Systems
• Mixed Farming
• Crop Rotation
• Organic Cycle Optimization
• Objectives of Organic and Conventional Farming
• Options in Organic Farming
• Pure Organic Farming
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• Integrated Green Revolution Farming
• Integrated Farming System
• Management of Organic Farming
• Advantages of Organic Farming
• Barriers to Organic Farming
• Components of Organic Farming
• Organic Manures
• Non-Chemical Weed Control Measures
• Biological Pest Management
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4. ORGANIC MANURES, THEIR NATURE AND
CHARACTERISTICS
• Farmyard Manure
• Compost
• Sheep and Goat Manure
• Poultry Manure
• Oil-Cakes
• Meal Group of Manures
• Sewage, Sludge and Sullage
5. LIVESTOCK AND HUMAN WASTES
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6. AVAILABLE ORGANIC MATERIALS AND PLANT
NUTRIENTS
• Livestock Wastes
• Crop Residues and Aquatic Weeds
• Rural and Urban Wastes
• Agro-industrial Wastes
• Fisheries and Marine Industry
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7. ORGANIC FARMING IN RICE
• Objectives of Organic Farming
• Traditional Practices
• Aspects of Modern Agriculture
• Important Regulations for Organic Farming
• Nutrient Requirement
• Ecofriendly Management of Pests and Diseases in
Rice
• Conservation of Native Natural Enemies to Enhance
in
• Situ Biological Control in Rice
• Components of Eco-Friendly Disease Management
• Methods of Application
• Conclusion
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8. PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOST
• Composting
• Importance of Composting
• Maximizing the Nutrients Availability from
Agricultural Compost
• Effect on Soil and Crop
• Method of Spreading Compost
• Rate of Application
• Time of Application
• Classification of Composting
• Kinetics of Composting
• Moisture Content
• Ingredients to Avoid
• Microbes Involved in Composting
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• Design Criteria
• Type and Amount of Compost
• The Climate
• Availability of Land
• Handling
• Practical Method of Making Compost
• Considerations in Building a Compost Heap
• Managing the Compost Heap
• Curing
• Practical Applications Composting
• Biogas Technology
• Composition of Slurry
• Slurry for Agriculture
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• Transfer of Biogas Technology
• Growing of Mushrooms
• Conventional Types of Compost
• Compost Making and Spawning
• The Work Schedule
• Suggestions
9. EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN
PONGAMIA PINNATA
• Material and Methods
• Results and Discussion
• Summary
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10.ORGANIC FERTILIZER: A SUPPLEMENTARY
NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR SUGARCANE
• Experiment and Results
• Azotobacter
• Azospirillum
• Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms
• Summary
11.EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON SORGHUM
• Material and Methods
• Results and Discussion
• Summary
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12.SIGNIFICANCE OF AZOSPIRILLUM AND
PSEUDOMONTAS ON GROWTH OF ELUCINE
CROCANA
• Material and Methods
• Results and Discussion
• Growth Attributes
• Yield Attributes
• Summary and Conclusion
13.BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF ACACIA NILOTICA
• Material and Methods
• Results and Discussion
• Summary
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14.CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BANANA
• Material and Methods
• Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganism
• Mycorrhizal Inoculum
• Plant Material
• Treatment
• Results and Discussion
• Summary
15.N-FIXING AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING
BACTERIA
• Material and Methods
• Results and Discussion
• Summary
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16.ASYMBIOTIC ORGANIC FERTILIZERS OF KHARIF
SORGHUM
• Material and Methods
• Results and Discussion
• Summary
17.EFFECT OF AZOSPIRILLUM AND PHOSPHATE
SOLUBILIZING CULTURE ON QUALITY OF
SUGARCANE
• Material and Methods
• Treatment Details
• Results and Discussion
• Summary and Conclusion
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18.ORGANIC NUTRIENT
• Soil Populations and Processes
• Use of Biofertilizers
• Enrichment of Compost with Microbial
Inoculants
• Nitrogen Fixing Microbs
• Rhizobium
• Leguminous Plants / Rhizobiaceae Symbiosis
• Azotobacter Inoculant
• Azospirillum Inoculant
• Blue-Green Algae Inoculant
• Multiplication of BGA
• Frankiaceae Symbiosis
• Large Scale Inoculum Production
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• Significance of BNF
• Mycorrhiza
• Roots as Sinks and Sources of Nutrients and
Carbon in
• Agricultural Systems
• Importance of Mycorrhiza
• Benefits to Plants
• Other Roles in Ecosystems
• Values of People
• Mycorrhizal Interactions with Plants and Soil
Organisms in Sustainable Agroecosystem
• Symbiosis
• Root System Form
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• Soil and Site Factors Influencing Mycorrhizas
• Characteristics of Fungal Isolates
• Host Plants
• How Mycorrhizas Work
• Nitrogen Transfer in Mycorrhizal Plants
• Nitrogen Nutrition in Mycorrhizal Plants
• Phosphorus Fertility
• Future Thrusts
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19.INDUSTRIAL WASTES AS SOURCES OF PLANT
NUTRIENTS
• Significance of Waste Recycling
• Chemical Characteristics of Wastes and
Utilization
• Effect on Crops Yield and Soil Properties
• Effect on Crop Yields
• Pathogens and Health Hazards
• Heavy Metals and Associated Problems
• Effect on Soil Properties
• Problems in Waste Utilization
• Future Research Needs
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20.USE OF BIO-INOCULANTS FOR RECYCLING OF
BANANA WASTES
• Material and Methods
• Results and Discussion
21.ROLE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN UPLAND
CROP PRODUCTION
• Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterial Inoculants
• Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms
• Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (Vam)
• Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
• Future Research Needs
• Strategy for Successful Use of Biofertilizers
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22.VARIETIES FOR ORGANIC FARMING
• What is Organic Agriculture?
• Selection of Rice Varieties for Organic Farming
• Weed Control
• Soil Fertility
• Insects and Diseases
• Speciality Rices for Organic Farming
• Varieties for Special Systems of Cultivation
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23.BIOLOGICAL SUPPRESSION OF AQUATIC WEEDS
• Biocontrol of Salvinia Molesta Mitchell (Fam.
Salviniaceae)
• Cyrtobagous Salviniae Calder and Sands (Fam.
Curculionidae)
• Biocontrol of Eichhornia Crassipes (Martius)
Solms-Laubach (Fam. Pontederiaceae)
• Neochetina Eichhorniae Warner (Fam.
Curculionidae)
• Neochetina Bruchi Hustache (Fam. Curculionidae)
• Orthogalumna Terebrantis Wallwork (Fam.
Galumnidae)
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24.WEED MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC RICE
• Development of Weed Control Methods
• Problems from Chemical Weed Control
• Weed Control in Organic Farming
• A. Preventive Methods
• B. Cultural Methods of Weed Control
• C. Mechanical Methods
• D. Biological Control of Weeds
• Bioherbicides
• Some Basic Principles for Weed Management in
Organic Farming
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25.PROCESSING AND VALUE ADDITION OF
ORGANIC RICE
• Quick Cooking Rice
• Preparation of Instant Fried Rice
• Instant Rice Noodles
• Preparation of Dried Starch from Rice Soup
26.BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH IN ORGANIC
RICE FARMING
• Why Biotechnology?
• Important Benefits that have Emerged from the
Transgenic Rice
• Research:
• Food and Agriculture Organization (Fao) of Un
Recommendation
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27.CROP ROTATION AND RESIDUE RECYCLING IN
ORGANIC RICE PRODUCTION
• Major Rice Cropping Systems
• Crop Rotation in Organic Production System
• A Good Crop Rotation Programme Involves
• Legumes in Crop Rotation
• Green Manuring
• Crop Residues in Organic Rice Production
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28.BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION
• Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
• Features Favourable for Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen
Fixation
• Nitrogenase
• Basic Requirements for Nitrogen Fixation
• Mechanism of Nitrogen Reduction
• Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation
• Host Specificity
• Root Nodulation
• Mechanism of Nitrogen Fixation
• Nitrogenase
• Requirements for Nitrogen Reduction
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• Assimilation of Ammonia
• Genetics of Nitrogen Fixation
• Nif -genes of Klebsiella Pneumoniae
• Nif-genes of Azotobacter
• Nif-genes of Anabaena
• Genetics of Legume - Rhizobium Nitrogen
Fixation
• Rhizobial Genes
• Legume Nodulin Genes
• Overall Regulation of Genes
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• Gene Transfer for Nitrogen Fixation
• Transfer of Nif-genes to Non-Nitrogen Fixing
Bacteria
• Transfer of Nif-genes to Yeasts
• Transfer of Nif-genes to Plants
• Transfer of Nod genes
• Transfer of Hup genes
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29.WEED MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING
• Cultural Methods Of Weed Control
• Tillage
• Tillage Combined With Irrigation
• Timing
• Seeding Rates and Cultivar Selection
• Cropping Systems
• Use of Animals
• Flooding
• Mulching
• Fire
• Composting
• Hoeing and Hand Weeding
• Farmer’s Care
• Straw Disposal
• Biological Control of Weeds Using Insects
• Weed Suitability to Biological Control
• Classical Approach
• Characteristics of Weeds and Problems
• Weed Survey for Natural Enemies
• Introduction of Natural Enemies
• Use of Pathogens in Weed Suppression
• Mycoherbicides
• Parasitic Weeds
• Management Strategies for Parasitic Weeds
• Ecological Principles
• Research Needs
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30.PEST MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING
• Pest Management Methods
• Biological Alternatives
• Organically Acceptable Chemical Alternatives
• Cultural Alternatives
• Biological Control
• Botanical Pesticides
• Biological Control in Field Crops
• Botanics for Storage Pest Control
• Seed Treatment with Materials of Plant Origin for
Insect Control
• Active Principles
• Cultural Practices/Ecological Methods
• Optimum Site Conditions
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• Diversity Over Time
• Diversity in Space
• Habitant Enhancement
• Role of Non-Crop Vegetation
• Trap Crops
• Constructed Traps
• Plant Resistance to Pests
• Traditional Practices for Pest Control
• Other Management Practices
31.BIS SPECIFICATIONS
32.MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENTS
33.PLANT LAYOUT AND PROCESS FLOW SHEET
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 Good Present/Future Demand
 Export-Import Market Potential
 Raw Material & Manpower Availability
 Project Costs and Payback Period
The detailed project report covers all aspect of business, from analyzing
the market, confirming availability of various necessities such as
Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan,
Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process,
Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities,
Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Production Schedule,
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.niir.org
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Working Capital Requirement, uses and applications, Plant
Layout, Project Financials, Process Flow Sheet, Cost of Project,
Projected Balance Sheets, Profitability Ratios, Break Even
Analysis. The DPR (Detailed Project Report) is formulated by
highly accomplished and experienced consultants and the
market research and analysis are supported by a panel of experts
and digitalized data bank.
We at NPCS, through our reliable expertise in the project
consultancy and market research field, have demystified the
situation by putting forward the emerging business opportunity
in India along with its business prospects……Read more
www.niir.org
Contact us
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall ST,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054 , 8800733955
Fax: +91-11-23845886
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Take a look at on #StreetView
https://goo.gl/VstWkd
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.niir.org
www.entrepreneurindia.co
AN ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED COMPANY
www.niir.org
o One of the leading reliable names in industrial world for providing
the most comprehensive technical consulting services
o We adopt a systematic approach to provide the strong fundamental
support needed for the effective delivery of services to our Clients’
in India & abroad
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Who are we?
www.niir.org
We at NPCS want to grow with you by providing solutions scale
to suit your new operations and help you reduce risk and give a
high return on application investments. We have successfully
achieved top-notch quality standards with a high level of
customer appreciation resulting in long lasting relation and
large amount of referral work through technological
breakthrough and innovative concepts. A large number of our
Indian, Overseas and NRI Clients have appreciated our
expertise for excellence which speaks volumes about our
commitment and dedication to every client's success.
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.niir.org
www.niir.org
We bring deep, functional expertise, but are known for our
holistic perspective: we capture value across boundaries and
between the silos of any organization. We have proven a
multiplier effect from optimizing the sum of the parts, not just
the individual pieces. We actively encourage a culture of
innovation, which facilitates the development of new
technologies and ensures a high quality product.
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.niir.org
o Project Identification
o Detailed Project Reports/Pre-feasibility Reports
o Market Research Reports
o Business Plan
o Technology Books and Directory
o Industry Trend
o Databases on CD-ROM
o Laboratory Testing Services
o Turnkey Project Consultancy/Solutions
o Entrepreneur India (An Industrial Monthly Journal)
www.entrepreneurindia.co
What do we offer?
o We have two decades long experience in project consultancy and
market research field
o We empower our customers with the prerequisite know-how to take
sound business decisions
o We help catalyze business growth by providing distinctive and
profound market analysis
o We serve a wide array of customers , from individual entrepreneurs
to Corporations and Foreign Investors
o We use authentic & reliable sources to ensure business precision
www.entrepreneurindia.co
How are we different ?
www.niir.org
Our Approach
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Requirement collection
Thorough analysis of the project
Economic feasibility study of the Project
Market potential survey/research
Report Compilation
www.niir.org
Who do we Serve?
o Public-sector Companies
o Corporates
o Government Undertakings
o Individual Entrepreneurs
o NRI’s
o Foreign Investors
o Non-profit Organizations, NBFC’s
o Educational Institutions
o Embassies & Consulates
o Consultancies
o Industry / trade associations
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.niir.org
www.niir.org
www.niir.org
Sectors We Cover
o Ayurvedic And Herbal Medicines, Herbal Cosmetics
o Alcoholic And Non Alcoholic Beverages, Drinks
o Adhesives, Industrial Adhesive, Sealants, Glues,
Gum & Resin
o Activated Carbon & Activated Charcoal
o Aluminium And Aluminium Extrusion Profiles &
Sections,
o Bio-fertilizers And Biotechnology
o Breakfast Snacks And Cereal Food
o Bicycle Tyres & Tubes, Bicycle Parts, Bicycle
Assembling
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.niir.org
Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Bamboo And Cane Based Projects
o Building Materials And Construction Projects
o Biodegradable & Bioplastic Based Projects
o Chemicals (Organic And Inorganic)
o Confectionery, Bakery/Baking And Other
Food
o Cereal Processing
o Coconut And Coconut Based Products
o Cold Storage For Fruits & Vegetables
o Coal & Coal Byproduct
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.niir.org
www.niir.org
Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Copper & Copper Based Projects
o Dairy/Milk Processing
o Disinfectants, Pesticides, Insecticides, Mosquito
Repellents,
o Electrical, Electronic And Computer based
Projects
o Essential Oils, Oils & Fats And Allied
o Engineering Goods
o Fibre Glass & Float Glass
o Fast Moving Consumer Goods
o Food, Bakery, Agro Processing
www.entreprneurindia.co
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www.niir.org
Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Fruits & Vegetables Processing
o Ferro Alloys Based Projects
o Fertilizers & Biofertilizers
o Ginger & Ginger Based Projects
o Herbs And Medicinal Cultivation And Jatropha
(Biofuel)
o Hotel & Hospitability Projects
o Hospital Based Projects
o Herbal Based Projects
o Inks, Stationery And Export Industries
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www.niir.org
www.niir.org
Sectors We Cover
Cont…
o Infrastructure Projects
o Jute & Jute Based Products
o Leather And Leather Based Projects
o Leisure & Entertainment Based Projects
o Livestock Farming Of Birds & Animals
o Minerals And Minerals
o Maize Processing(Wet Milling) & Maize Based Projects
o Medical Plastics, Disposables Plastic Syringe, Blood
Bags
o Organic Farming, Neem Products Etc.
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www.niir.org
www.niir.org
Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Paints, Pigments, Varnish & Lacquer
o Paper And Paper Board, Paper Recycling Projects
o Printing Inks
o Packaging Based Projects
o Perfumes, Cosmetics And Flavours
o Power Generation Based Projects & Renewable Energy
Based Projects
o Pharmaceuticals And Drugs
o Plantations, Farming And Cultivations
o Plastic Film, Plastic Waste And Plastic Compounds
o Plastic, PVC, PET, HDPE, LDPE Etc.
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.niir.org
www.niir.org
Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Potato And Potato Based Projects
o Printing And Packaging
o Real Estate, Leisure And Hospitality
o Rubber And Rubber Products
o Soaps And Detergents
o Stationary Products
o Spices And Snacks Food
o Steel & Steel Products
o Textile Auxiliary And Chemicals
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.niir.org
www.niir.org
Sectors We Cover Cont…
o Township & Residential Complex
o Textiles And Readymade Garments
o Waste Management & Recycling
o Wood & Wood Products
o Water Industry(Packaged Drinking Water & Mineral
Water)
o Wire & Cable
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.niir.org
www.niir.org
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.niir.org
www.niir.org
www.entrepreneurindia.co
To get a detailed scenario of the industry along with
its structure and classification
To provide a comprehensive analysis of the industry
by covering aspects like:
Growth drivers of the industry
Latest market trends
Insights on regulatory framework
SWOT Analysis
Demand-Supply Situation
Foreign Trade
Porters 5 Forces Analysis
www.niir.org
www.entrepreneurindia.co
To provide forecasts of key parameters which helps to
anticipate the industry performance
To help chart growth trajectory of a business by detailing
the factors that affect the industry growth
To help an entrepreneur/manager in keeping abreast with
the changes in the industry
To evaluate the competitive landscape of the industry by
detailing:
Key players with their market shares
Financial comparison of present players
www.niir.org
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Venturist/Capitalists
Entrepreneur/Companies
Industry Researchers
Investment Funds
Foreign Investors, NRI’s
Project Consultants/Chartered Accountants
Banks
Corporates
Click here for list
www.niir.org
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Online Research
Industry Journals
Secondary
Research
Primary
Research
Industry Experts
Industry Industry
Sources Associations
Companies
Surveys
One-on-one
Interactions
Databases
www.niir.org
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Present Status
(Indian &
Global)
Macro Environment
Indian Market
Outlook & Forecasts
(5Years)
Demand Assessment
SWOT & Porters
Analysis
Internal Market
Analysis
www.niir.org
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Our research team comprises of experts from
various financial fields:
MBA’s
Industry Researchers
Financial Planners
Research veterans with decades of experience
www.niir.org
www.entrepreneurindia.co
•1. Overview
•2. Market Analysis
2.1Growth Drivers
2.2Emerging Trends in the Industry
2.3Regulatory Framework
2.4SWOT Analysis
2.5Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI)
•3. Market Forecasts
•4. Key Players
www.niir.org
www.entrepreneurindia.co
5. Key Financials and Analysis
5.1 Contact Information
5.2 Key Financials
5.3 Financial comparison
6. Industry Size & Outlook
www.niir.org
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Take a look at
SERVICES on #Street View
https://goo.gl/VstWkd
www.niir.org
Contact us
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall ST,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955
Fax: +91-11-23845886
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Take a look at NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES on #StreetView
https://goo.gl/VstWkd
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.niir.org
https://www.linkedin.com/company/niir-project-
consultancy-services
https://www.facebook.com/NIIR.ORG
https://www.youtube.com/user/NIIRproject
https://twitter.com/npcs_in
 https://www.pinterest.com/npcsindia/
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Follow us
www.niir.org
Contact us
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886
Mobile: +91-9097075054 , 8800733955
Fax: +91-11-23845886
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Take a look at on #StreetView
https://goo.gl/VstWkd
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.niir.org
https://www.linkedin.com/company/niir-project-
consultancy-services
https://www.facebook.com/NIIR.ORG
https://www.youtube.com/user/NIIRproject
https://twitter.com/npcs_in
 https://www.pinterest.com/npcsindia/
www.entrepreneurindia.co
Follow us
www.niir.org
For more information, visit us at:
www.niir.org
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.entrepreneurindia.co
www.niir.org

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The Complete Book on Organic Farming and Production of Organic Compost (2nd Revised Edition)

  • 1. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org The Complete Book on Organic Farming and Production of Organic Compost (2nd Revised Edition) Y-1727
  • 2. www.entrepreneurindia.co Introduction www.niir.org Organic farming is a technique that entails growing plants and raising animals in a natural environment. To preserve soil fertility and ecological balance while minimising contamination and waste, this method employs biological materials while avoiding synthetic substances. To put it another way, organic farming is a form of farming that involves growing and caring for crops without the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. There are also no genetically modified organisms allowed.
  • 3. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Crop rotation, green manure, organic waste, biological pest control, mineral and rock additives are all examples of ecologically balanced farming values. Pesticides and fertilizers are used in organic farming if they are considered natural, and petrochemical fertilizers and pesticides are avoided. Organic farming is a form of agriculture that emerged in the early twentieth century in response to rapidly changing farming practices.
  • 4. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Globally, certified organic agriculture covers 70 million hectares, with more than half of it in the United States. Various groups are also working to improve organic farming today. It is distinguished by the use of organic fertilizers such as compost manure, green manure, and bone meal, as well as crop rotation and companion planting techniques. Biological pest control, mixed cropping, and insect predator breeding are all promoted.
  • 5. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Organic guidelines are intended to promote the use of naturally occurring substances while banning or severely restricting the use of synthetic substances. Natural pesticides like pyrethrin and rotenone, for example, are allowed, whereas synthetic fertilizers and pesticides are usually forbidden. Copper sulphate, elemental sulphur, and other synthetic substances are all permitted. In livestock husbandry, the use of genetically modified organisms, nanomaterial, human waste sludge, plant growth regulators, hormones, and antibiotics is banned.
  • 6. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Sustainability, transparency, self- sufficiency, autonomy/independence, wellness, food security, and food protection are all claimed benefits of organic farming. Many countries regulate and implement organic agricultural practices, based in part on the standards developed by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM), an international umbrella group for organic farming organisations founded in 1972.
  • 7. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org "An integrated farming method that aims for biodiversity, the enhancement of soil fertility, and biological diversity while banning synthetic pesticides, antibiotics, synthetic fertilizers, genetically modified organisms, and growth hormones, with occasional exceptions" according to the Organic Agriculture Society.
  • 8. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Organic Compost Compost is created by composting, which is the process of breaking down organic materials into simpler organic and inorganic compounds. This method recycles a variety of organic materials that would otherwise be considered waste. Plant nutrients and beneficial species abound in healthy compost. Compost is used in gardens, landscaping, horticulture, urban agriculture, and organic farming to increase soil fertility.
  • 9. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Compost has many advantages, including adding nutrients to the crop as a fertilizer, serving as a soil conditioner, increasing the humus or humic acid content of the soil, and introducing beneficial microbe colonies to the soil. The soil structure is improved by the normal interaction of the soil, plant roots, and nutrient/microorganisms in compost. Improved soil structure would increase the soil's ability to retain water and control erosion. Land and stream reclamation, wetland development, and landfill cover may all benefit from compost.
  • 10. The composting process is driven by microorganisms, so maintaining an ideal environment for microbial activity is essential for safe and effective composting. Maintaining adequate moisture and oxygen levels, as well as assembling an acceptable mix of organic residues or feed stocks, are all needed. The composting process starts as soon as the feed stocks are gathered. The compost pile heats up as microorganisms begin to decompose the organic materials, and the active process of composting starts. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Production of Organic Compost
  • 11. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Temperatures in the pile rise to 130–150°F during this period of rapid decomposition and can stay there for several weeks. Since aerobic decomposition is the most effective and produces finished compost in the shortest amount of time, maintaining adequate aeration during this period of intense microbial activity is particularly essential. Temperatures in the compost pile drop to about 100°F as readily available organic matter is consumed and decomposition slows, and the curing process starts.
  • 12. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org The compost can be stored at this stage. Static piles, windrows (elongated piles), and in-vessel (enclosed) composting are all popular on-farm composting methods. Compost piles that are not turned are known as static piles. Static pile systems must be aerated to maintain microbial activity and proper temperatures in order to fulfil National Organic Program specifications. To do this, perforated pipe is mounted at the pile's base, and fans or blowers are often used to push air through the pile.
  • 13. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Uses of Organic Farming Organic farming uses less pesticides, prevents soil erosion, reduces nitrate leaching into groundwater and surface water, and recycles livestock waste back into the field as compared to traditional agriculture. These advantages are offset by higher commodity food prices and generally lower yields. Organic crop yields have been found to be around 25% lower than conventionally grown crops on average, though this varies greatly depending on the type of crop.
  • 14. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Organic agriculture's potential challenge would be to sustain its environmental advantages, raise yields, and lower prices when dealing with climate change and a growing global population. Organic farming can be lucrative, and customers like organic food because it is both nutritious and ethical.
  • 15. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Organic farming methods, however, have many environmental advantages in addition to financial and ethical considerations. • Pesticide and chemical exposure is reduced. • Organic farming promotes soil health. • Erosion control. • Combating Global Warming's Consequences. • Organic farming helps to save water and improves water quality. • Preventing Algal Blooms. • Assisting in animal health and welfare. • Biodiversity is boosted by organic farming. • Reduced energy consumption.
  • 16. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Uses of Organic Compost Compost produced in accordance with the above production criteria can be used in organic production systems with no time limit between application and crop harvest. Organic farming can also use composts that don't meet the above production requirements. If they contain animal manure, however, they must be applied to agricultural land in compliance with NOP manure regulations…
  • 17. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Which state that raw animal manure must be composted unless one of the following requirements is met: • Incorporated into the soil not less than 120 days prior to the harvest of a commodity whose edible component has direct contact with the soil surface or soil particles • Applied to land used for a crop not intended for human consumption • Added to the soil at least 90 days before the harvest of a commodity whose edible part does not come into direct contact with the soil surface or soil Particles.
  • 18. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Market of Organic Farming The global compost market is projected to hit $9.2 billion by 2024, with a compound annual growth rate of 6.8% from 2019 to 2024. The compost market appears to have a bright future, with applications in agriculture, home planting, landscaping, horticulture, and building. The growing demand for organic products, as well as increased awareness of the dangers of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, are the primary drivers of this market.
  • 19. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org The growth of biodynamic compost and the use of biochar in composting are two emerging developments that have a direct effect on the industry's dynamics. Composts are sold by Harvest Power, Pacific, Worm Power, Dirt Hugger, Agrilife, MyNoke, Nutrisoil, Davo's Worm Farm, Dirty Dynasty, and Kahariam Farms, among others. Harvest Power, Cocoa Corporation, Dirt Hugger, Worm Power, and others are among the compost companies profiled in this article.
  • 20. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Due to its ability to recycle nutrients back into the soil and minimise yard waste, yard trimming compost will continue to be the most common segment over the forecast era. Because of its unique properties as a raw compost agent and high moisture content, food waste compost is expected to grow the fastest. Agriculture will continue to be the largest segment of the compost industry, owing to rising demand for organic goods and customer awareness of food quality.
  • 21. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Horticulture is expected to develop at the fastest rate due to safer, healthier, and more environmentally friendly food production. Due to the growth of the agriculture, home gardening, landscaping horticulture, and construction industries, Asia Pacific is projected to remain the largest area and to experience the highest growth over the forecast period.
  • 22. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org About The Book Organic farming, composed of organic fertilizers as an integral virtue, continues to remain a lucrative bet for the expanding agricultural industry, in line with growing organic food appeal to consumers as a healthy and ethical choice. Beyond ethics, organic fertilizers are gaining significant traction on account of numerous environmental benefits, such as enhanced soil structure and water conservation. Growing awareness among farmers about the nutritional benefits of plant based and animal based fertilizers and their role in promoting growth of earthworm and…
  • 23. other microbiological activities vital for plant growth are fuelling adoption of organic fertilizers. Animal based organic fertilizers are garnering significant traction over plant based variants owing to their good aeration and water retention capabilities that enhance the soil fertility. As consumers today are inclined towards clean labels and seeking transparency in everything they consume, organic has emerged as a promising approach to address these concerns. In light of these beneficial aspects of organic approaches and after gauging the futuristic opportunistic value of organic fertilizers. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org
  • 24. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Increasing health issues such as diabetes, obesity and digestive disorders are also one of the factors driving the growth of the organic food. The increased accessibility of organic food and beverages in retail outlets make it more convenient for consumers to purchase these products. Asia-Pacific is also expected to rapidly increase in CAGR, owing to the changing lifestyles and increase in consumer disposable income. Organic food products and shifting consumer preference towards organic food are among the major factors expected to boost demand for organic food products in India.
  • 25. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org Growing awareness among the consumers regarding the benefits of organic fertilizers over chemical fertilizers, and increasing awareness among farmers and cultivators towards eco-friendly fertilizers. The escalating demand for organic food products is likely to create a dire need for large scale development of organic fertilizers in the forthcoming years, which in turn will create a wide field of opportunities for stakeholders. Sensing the growing demand for organic fertilizers, market goliaths have shifted their focus on expanding their organic fertilizer produce to capitalize on the growing unmet demand from consumers.
  • 26. The book cover various aspects related to different organic farming and production of organic compost with their agriculture process and also provides contact details of machinery suppliers with equipment photographs and plant layout. A total guide to manufacturing and entrepreneurial success in one of today’s organic farming and compost industry. This book is one-stop guide to one of the fastest growing sectors of the organic farming and compost industry, where opportunities abound for manufacturers, retailers, and entrepreneurs. This is the only complete handbook on the commercial production of organic farming and compost. It serves up a feast of how-to information, from concept to purchasing equipment. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org
  • 27. www.entrepreneurindia.co Table of Contents www.niir.org 1. INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC FARMING • Indian Agriculture before the Green Revolution • The Green Revolution • Impact of Green Revolution on the Environment • Why Organic Farming? 2. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND ORGANIC FARMING • The Background • Characteristics of Sustainable Agriculture • Definition of Sustainable Agriculture • Organic Farming • National Programme for Organic Production (Features)
  • 28. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 3. CONCEPTS, DEFINITION AND COMPONENTS • Concept and Definition • Organic vs Natural Farming • Essential Characteristics of Organic Farming • Key Principles of Organic Agriculture Systems • Mixed Farming • Crop Rotation • Organic Cycle Optimization • Objectives of Organic and Conventional Farming • Options in Organic Farming • Pure Organic Farming
  • 29. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org • Integrated Green Revolution Farming • Integrated Farming System • Management of Organic Farming • Advantages of Organic Farming • Barriers to Organic Farming • Components of Organic Farming • Organic Manures • Non-Chemical Weed Control Measures • Biological Pest Management
  • 30. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 4. ORGANIC MANURES, THEIR NATURE AND CHARACTERISTICS • Farmyard Manure • Compost • Sheep and Goat Manure • Poultry Manure • Oil-Cakes • Meal Group of Manures • Sewage, Sludge and Sullage 5. LIVESTOCK AND HUMAN WASTES
  • 31. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 6. AVAILABLE ORGANIC MATERIALS AND PLANT NUTRIENTS • Livestock Wastes • Crop Residues and Aquatic Weeds • Rural and Urban Wastes • Agro-industrial Wastes • Fisheries and Marine Industry
  • 32. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 7. ORGANIC FARMING IN RICE • Objectives of Organic Farming • Traditional Practices • Aspects of Modern Agriculture • Important Regulations for Organic Farming • Nutrient Requirement • Ecofriendly Management of Pests and Diseases in Rice • Conservation of Native Natural Enemies to Enhance in • Situ Biological Control in Rice • Components of Eco-Friendly Disease Management • Methods of Application • Conclusion
  • 33. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 8. PRODUCTION OF ORGANIC COMPOST • Composting • Importance of Composting • Maximizing the Nutrients Availability from Agricultural Compost • Effect on Soil and Crop • Method of Spreading Compost • Rate of Application • Time of Application • Classification of Composting • Kinetics of Composting • Moisture Content • Ingredients to Avoid • Microbes Involved in Composting
  • 34. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org • Design Criteria • Type and Amount of Compost • The Climate • Availability of Land • Handling • Practical Method of Making Compost • Considerations in Building a Compost Heap • Managing the Compost Heap • Curing • Practical Applications Composting • Biogas Technology • Composition of Slurry • Slurry for Agriculture
  • 35. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org • Transfer of Biogas Technology • Growing of Mushrooms • Conventional Types of Compost • Compost Making and Spawning • The Work Schedule • Suggestions 9. EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZERS IN PONGAMIA PINNATA • Material and Methods • Results and Discussion • Summary
  • 36. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 10.ORGANIC FERTILIZER: A SUPPLEMENTARY NUTRIENT SOURCE FOR SUGARCANE • Experiment and Results • Azotobacter • Azospirillum • Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms • Summary 11.EFFECT OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON SORGHUM • Material and Methods • Results and Discussion • Summary
  • 37. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 12.SIGNIFICANCE OF AZOSPIRILLUM AND PSEUDOMONTAS ON GROWTH OF ELUCINE CROCANA • Material and Methods • Results and Discussion • Growth Attributes • Yield Attributes • Summary and Conclusion 13.BIOMASS PRODUCTION OF ACACIA NILOTICA • Material and Methods • Results and Discussion • Summary
  • 38. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 14.CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BANANA • Material and Methods • Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganism • Mycorrhizal Inoculum • Plant Material • Treatment • Results and Discussion • Summary 15.N-FIXING AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA • Material and Methods • Results and Discussion • Summary
  • 39. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 16.ASYMBIOTIC ORGANIC FERTILIZERS OF KHARIF SORGHUM • Material and Methods • Results and Discussion • Summary 17.EFFECT OF AZOSPIRILLUM AND PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING CULTURE ON QUALITY OF SUGARCANE • Material and Methods • Treatment Details • Results and Discussion • Summary and Conclusion
  • 40. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 18.ORGANIC NUTRIENT • Soil Populations and Processes • Use of Biofertilizers • Enrichment of Compost with Microbial Inoculants • Nitrogen Fixing Microbs • Rhizobium • Leguminous Plants / Rhizobiaceae Symbiosis • Azotobacter Inoculant • Azospirillum Inoculant • Blue-Green Algae Inoculant • Multiplication of BGA • Frankiaceae Symbiosis • Large Scale Inoculum Production
  • 41. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org • Significance of BNF • Mycorrhiza • Roots as Sinks and Sources of Nutrients and Carbon in • Agricultural Systems • Importance of Mycorrhiza • Benefits to Plants • Other Roles in Ecosystems • Values of People • Mycorrhizal Interactions with Plants and Soil Organisms in Sustainable Agroecosystem • Symbiosis • Root System Form
  • 42. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org • Soil and Site Factors Influencing Mycorrhizas • Characteristics of Fungal Isolates • Host Plants • How Mycorrhizas Work • Nitrogen Transfer in Mycorrhizal Plants • Nitrogen Nutrition in Mycorrhizal Plants • Phosphorus Fertility • Future Thrusts
  • 43. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 19.INDUSTRIAL WASTES AS SOURCES OF PLANT NUTRIENTS • Significance of Waste Recycling • Chemical Characteristics of Wastes and Utilization • Effect on Crops Yield and Soil Properties • Effect on Crop Yields • Pathogens and Health Hazards • Heavy Metals and Associated Problems • Effect on Soil Properties • Problems in Waste Utilization • Future Research Needs
  • 44. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 20.USE OF BIO-INOCULANTS FOR RECYCLING OF BANANA WASTES • Material and Methods • Results and Discussion 21.ROLE OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER IN UPLAND CROP PRODUCTION • Nitrogen-Fixing Bacterial Inoculants • Phosphate Solubilizing Microorganisms • Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae (Vam) • Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria • Future Research Needs • Strategy for Successful Use of Biofertilizers
  • 45. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 22.VARIETIES FOR ORGANIC FARMING • What is Organic Agriculture? • Selection of Rice Varieties for Organic Farming • Weed Control • Soil Fertility • Insects and Diseases • Speciality Rices for Organic Farming • Varieties for Special Systems of Cultivation
  • 46. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 23.BIOLOGICAL SUPPRESSION OF AQUATIC WEEDS • Biocontrol of Salvinia Molesta Mitchell (Fam. Salviniaceae) • Cyrtobagous Salviniae Calder and Sands (Fam. Curculionidae) • Biocontrol of Eichhornia Crassipes (Martius) Solms-Laubach (Fam. Pontederiaceae) • Neochetina Eichhorniae Warner (Fam. Curculionidae) • Neochetina Bruchi Hustache (Fam. Curculionidae) • Orthogalumna Terebrantis Wallwork (Fam. Galumnidae)
  • 47. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 24.WEED MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC RICE • Development of Weed Control Methods • Problems from Chemical Weed Control • Weed Control in Organic Farming • A. Preventive Methods • B. Cultural Methods of Weed Control • C. Mechanical Methods • D. Biological Control of Weeds • Bioherbicides • Some Basic Principles for Weed Management in Organic Farming
  • 48. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 25.PROCESSING AND VALUE ADDITION OF ORGANIC RICE • Quick Cooking Rice • Preparation of Instant Fried Rice • Instant Rice Noodles • Preparation of Dried Starch from Rice Soup 26.BIOTECHNOLOGICAL APPROACH IN ORGANIC RICE FARMING • Why Biotechnology? • Important Benefits that have Emerged from the Transgenic Rice • Research: • Food and Agriculture Organization (Fao) of Un Recommendation
  • 49. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 27.CROP ROTATION AND RESIDUE RECYCLING IN ORGANIC RICE PRODUCTION • Major Rice Cropping Systems • Crop Rotation in Organic Production System • A Good Crop Rotation Programme Involves • Legumes in Crop Rotation • Green Manuring • Crop Residues in Organic Rice Production
  • 50. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 28.BIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION • Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation • Features Favourable for Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation • Nitrogenase • Basic Requirements for Nitrogen Fixation • Mechanism of Nitrogen Reduction • Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation • Host Specificity • Root Nodulation • Mechanism of Nitrogen Fixation • Nitrogenase • Requirements for Nitrogen Reduction
  • 51. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org • Assimilation of Ammonia • Genetics of Nitrogen Fixation • Nif -genes of Klebsiella Pneumoniae • Nif-genes of Azotobacter • Nif-genes of Anabaena • Genetics of Legume - Rhizobium Nitrogen Fixation • Rhizobial Genes • Legume Nodulin Genes • Overall Regulation of Genes
  • 52. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org • Gene Transfer for Nitrogen Fixation • Transfer of Nif-genes to Non-Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria • Transfer of Nif-genes to Yeasts • Transfer of Nif-genes to Plants • Transfer of Nod genes • Transfer of Hup genes
  • 53. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 29.WEED MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING • Cultural Methods Of Weed Control • Tillage • Tillage Combined With Irrigation • Timing • Seeding Rates and Cultivar Selection • Cropping Systems • Use of Animals • Flooding • Mulching • Fire • Composting • Hoeing and Hand Weeding
  • 54. • Farmer’s Care • Straw Disposal • Biological Control of Weeds Using Insects • Weed Suitability to Biological Control • Classical Approach • Characteristics of Weeds and Problems • Weed Survey for Natural Enemies • Introduction of Natural Enemies • Use of Pathogens in Weed Suppression • Mycoherbicides • Parasitic Weeds • Management Strategies for Parasitic Weeds • Ecological Principles • Research Needs www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org
  • 55. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org 30.PEST MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIC FARMING • Pest Management Methods • Biological Alternatives • Organically Acceptable Chemical Alternatives • Cultural Alternatives • Biological Control • Botanical Pesticides • Biological Control in Field Crops • Botanics for Storage Pest Control • Seed Treatment with Materials of Plant Origin for Insect Control • Active Principles • Cultural Practices/Ecological Methods • Optimum Site Conditions
  • 56. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org • Diversity Over Time • Diversity in Space • Habitant Enhancement • Role of Non-Crop Vegetation • Trap Crops • Constructed Traps • Plant Resistance to Pests • Traditional Practices for Pest Control • Other Management Practices 31.BIS SPECIFICATIONS 32.MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENTS 33.PLANT LAYOUT AND PROCESS FLOW SHEET
  • 57. Tags www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org #OrganicFarming #OrganicCompost #organicfarm #agriculture #naturalfarming #DetailedProjectReport #businessconsultant #BusinessPlan #feasibilityReport #NPCS #StartupBusinessPlan #startupinvestment #startup #bussinessplanshub #Startupbusiness4you #StartupBusinessPlan #startupinvestment #startup #InvestInStartups #StartupIndiaConsultants #Plan4Business #StartupPlan #InvestingCapitalForBusiness #HowToMakeYourBusinessMoreSuccessful #investorbusiness #Startupcapital #BusinessPlanning #TechnologyTrendsForBusiness #StartupIdea #Newbook #NewRelease #Businessbook #InvestmentBook
  • 58. www.entrepreneurindia.co (NPCS) can provide Process Technology Book on The Complete Book on Organic Farming and Production of Organic Compost (2nd Revised Edition) See more Project Reports & Profiles BOOKS
  • 60. Take a look at on #Street View https://goo.gl/VstWkd www.entrepreneurindia.co Locate us on Google Maps https://goo.gl/maps/BKkUtq9gevT2 www.niir.org
  • 61. www.entrepreneurindia.co Our inexhaustible Client list includes public-sector companies, Corporate Houses, Government undertaking, individual entrepreneurs, NRI, Foreign investors, non-profit organizations and educational institutions from all parts of the World. The list is just a glimpse of our esteemed & satisfied Clients. Click here to take a look https://goo.gl/G3ICjV OUR CLIENTS www.niir.org
  • 62. www.entrepreneurindia.co Select and Choose the Right Business Startup for You (Instant Online Project Identification and Selection) Finding the right startup business is one of the most popular subject today. Starting a business is no easy endeavor, but the time, effort, and challenges can be worth it if you succeed. To give yourself the best chance to be successful, take your time to carefully find the right business for you. We, at NPCS, endeavor to make business selection a simple and convenient step for any entrepreneur/startup. Our expert team, by capitalizing on its dexterity and decade's long experience in the field, has created a list of profitable ventures for entrepreneurs who wish to diversify or venture. The list so mentioned is updated regularly to give you a regular dose of new emerging opportunities. Visit: https://www.entrepreneurindia.co/project-identification
  • 63. www.entrepreneurindia.co Download Complete List of Project Reports:  Detailed Project Reports Visit:- https://www.entrepreneurindia.co/complete-project-list NPCS is manned by engineers, planners, specialists, financial experts, economic analysts and design specialists with extensive experience in the related industries. Our Market Survey cum Detailed Techno Economic Feasibility Report provides an insight of market in India. The report assesses the market sizing and growth of the Industry. While expanding a current business or while venturing into new business, entrepreneurs are often faced with the dilemma of zeroing in on a suitable product/line. www.niir.org
  • 64. And before diversifying/venturing into any product, they wish to study the following aspects of the identified product:  Good Present/Future Demand  Export-Import Market Potential  Raw Material & Manpower Availability  Project Costs and Payback Period The detailed project report covers all aspect of business, from analyzing the market, confirming availability of various necessities such as Manufacturing Plant, Detailed Project Report, Profile, Business Plan, Industry Trends, Market Research, Survey, Manufacturing Process, Machinery, Raw Materials, Feasibility Study, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue, Plant Economics, Production Schedule, www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org
  • 65. www.entrepreneurindia.co Working Capital Requirement, uses and applications, Plant Layout, Project Financials, Process Flow Sheet, Cost of Project, Projected Balance Sheets, Profitability Ratios, Break Even Analysis. The DPR (Detailed Project Report) is formulated by highly accomplished and experienced consultants and the market research and analysis are supported by a panel of experts and digitalized data bank. We at NPCS, through our reliable expertise in the project consultancy and market research field, have demystified the situation by putting forward the emerging business opportunity in India along with its business prospects……Read more www.niir.org
  • 66. Contact us 106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall ST, New Delhi-110007, India. Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886 Mobile: +91-9097075054 , 8800733955 Fax: +91-11-23845886 Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org Take a look at on #StreetView https://goo.gl/VstWkd www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org
  • 67. www.entrepreneurindia.co AN ISO 9001: 2015 CERTIFIED COMPANY www.niir.org
  • 68. o One of the leading reliable names in industrial world for providing the most comprehensive technical consulting services o We adopt a systematic approach to provide the strong fundamental support needed for the effective delivery of services to our Clients’ in India & abroad www.entrepreneurindia.co Who are we? www.niir.org
  • 69. We at NPCS want to grow with you by providing solutions scale to suit your new operations and help you reduce risk and give a high return on application investments. We have successfully achieved top-notch quality standards with a high level of customer appreciation resulting in long lasting relation and large amount of referral work through technological breakthrough and innovative concepts. A large number of our Indian, Overseas and NRI Clients have appreciated our expertise for excellence which speaks volumes about our commitment and dedication to every client's success. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org www.niir.org
  • 70. We bring deep, functional expertise, but are known for our holistic perspective: we capture value across boundaries and between the silos of any organization. We have proven a multiplier effect from optimizing the sum of the parts, not just the individual pieces. We actively encourage a culture of innovation, which facilitates the development of new technologies and ensures a high quality product. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org
  • 71. o Project Identification o Detailed Project Reports/Pre-feasibility Reports o Market Research Reports o Business Plan o Technology Books and Directory o Industry Trend o Databases on CD-ROM o Laboratory Testing Services o Turnkey Project Consultancy/Solutions o Entrepreneur India (An Industrial Monthly Journal) www.entrepreneurindia.co What do we offer?
  • 72. o We have two decades long experience in project consultancy and market research field o We empower our customers with the prerequisite know-how to take sound business decisions o We help catalyze business growth by providing distinctive and profound market analysis o We serve a wide array of customers , from individual entrepreneurs to Corporations and Foreign Investors o We use authentic & reliable sources to ensure business precision www.entrepreneurindia.co How are we different ? www.niir.org
  • 73. Our Approach www.entrepreneurindia.co Requirement collection Thorough analysis of the project Economic feasibility study of the Project Market potential survey/research Report Compilation www.niir.org
  • 74. Who do we Serve? o Public-sector Companies o Corporates o Government Undertakings o Individual Entrepreneurs o NRI’s o Foreign Investors o Non-profit Organizations, NBFC’s o Educational Institutions o Embassies & Consulates o Consultancies o Industry / trade associations www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org www.niir.org www.niir.org
  • 75. Sectors We Cover o Ayurvedic And Herbal Medicines, Herbal Cosmetics o Alcoholic And Non Alcoholic Beverages, Drinks o Adhesives, Industrial Adhesive, Sealants, Glues, Gum & Resin o Activated Carbon & Activated Charcoal o Aluminium And Aluminium Extrusion Profiles & Sections, o Bio-fertilizers And Biotechnology o Breakfast Snacks And Cereal Food o Bicycle Tyres & Tubes, Bicycle Parts, Bicycle Assembling www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org
  • 76. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Bamboo And Cane Based Projects o Building Materials And Construction Projects o Biodegradable & Bioplastic Based Projects o Chemicals (Organic And Inorganic) o Confectionery, Bakery/Baking And Other Food o Cereal Processing o Coconut And Coconut Based Products o Cold Storage For Fruits & Vegetables o Coal & Coal Byproduct www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org www.niir.org
  • 77. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Copper & Copper Based Projects o Dairy/Milk Processing o Disinfectants, Pesticides, Insecticides, Mosquito Repellents, o Electrical, Electronic And Computer based Projects o Essential Oils, Oils & Fats And Allied o Engineering Goods o Fibre Glass & Float Glass o Fast Moving Consumer Goods o Food, Bakery, Agro Processing www.entreprneurindia.co www.niir.org www.niir.org
  • 78. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Fruits & Vegetables Processing o Ferro Alloys Based Projects o Fertilizers & Biofertilizers o Ginger & Ginger Based Projects o Herbs And Medicinal Cultivation And Jatropha (Biofuel) o Hotel & Hospitability Projects o Hospital Based Projects o Herbal Based Projects o Inks, Stationery And Export Industries www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org www.niir.org
  • 79. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Infrastructure Projects o Jute & Jute Based Products o Leather And Leather Based Projects o Leisure & Entertainment Based Projects o Livestock Farming Of Birds & Animals o Minerals And Minerals o Maize Processing(Wet Milling) & Maize Based Projects o Medical Plastics, Disposables Plastic Syringe, Blood Bags o Organic Farming, Neem Products Etc. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org www.niir.org
  • 80. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Paints, Pigments, Varnish & Lacquer o Paper And Paper Board, Paper Recycling Projects o Printing Inks o Packaging Based Projects o Perfumes, Cosmetics And Flavours o Power Generation Based Projects & Renewable Energy Based Projects o Pharmaceuticals And Drugs o Plantations, Farming And Cultivations o Plastic Film, Plastic Waste And Plastic Compounds o Plastic, PVC, PET, HDPE, LDPE Etc. www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org www.niir.org
  • 81. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Potato And Potato Based Projects o Printing And Packaging o Real Estate, Leisure And Hospitality o Rubber And Rubber Products o Soaps And Detergents o Stationary Products o Spices And Snacks Food o Steel & Steel Products o Textile Auxiliary And Chemicals www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org www.niir.org
  • 82. Sectors We Cover Cont… o Township & Residential Complex o Textiles And Readymade Garments o Waste Management & Recycling o Wood & Wood Products o Water Industry(Packaged Drinking Water & Mineral Water) o Wire & Cable www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org www.niir.org
  • 84. www.entrepreneurindia.co To get a detailed scenario of the industry along with its structure and classification To provide a comprehensive analysis of the industry by covering aspects like: Growth drivers of the industry Latest market trends Insights on regulatory framework SWOT Analysis Demand-Supply Situation Foreign Trade Porters 5 Forces Analysis www.niir.org
  • 85. www.entrepreneurindia.co To provide forecasts of key parameters which helps to anticipate the industry performance To help chart growth trajectory of a business by detailing the factors that affect the industry growth To help an entrepreneur/manager in keeping abreast with the changes in the industry To evaluate the competitive landscape of the industry by detailing: Key players with their market shares Financial comparison of present players www.niir.org
  • 86. www.entrepreneurindia.co Venturist/Capitalists Entrepreneur/Companies Industry Researchers Investment Funds Foreign Investors, NRI’s Project Consultants/Chartered Accountants Banks Corporates Click here for list www.niir.org
  • 87. www.entrepreneurindia.co Online Research Industry Journals Secondary Research Primary Research Industry Experts Industry Industry Sources Associations Companies Surveys One-on-one Interactions Databases www.niir.org
  • 88. www.entrepreneurindia.co Present Status (Indian & Global) Macro Environment Indian Market Outlook & Forecasts (5Years) Demand Assessment SWOT & Porters Analysis Internal Market Analysis www.niir.org
  • 89. www.entrepreneurindia.co Our research team comprises of experts from various financial fields: MBA’s Industry Researchers Financial Planners Research veterans with decades of experience www.niir.org
  • 90. www.entrepreneurindia.co •1. Overview •2. Market Analysis 2.1Growth Drivers 2.2Emerging Trends in the Industry 2.3Regulatory Framework 2.4SWOT Analysis 2.5Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI) •3. Market Forecasts •4. Key Players www.niir.org
  • 91. www.entrepreneurindia.co 5. Key Financials and Analysis 5.1 Contact Information 5.2 Key Financials 5.3 Financial comparison 6. Industry Size & Outlook www.niir.org
  • 92. www.entrepreneurindia.co Take a look at SERVICES on #Street View https://goo.gl/VstWkd www.niir.org
  • 93. Contact us 106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Mall ST, New Delhi-110007, India. Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886 Mobile: +91-9097075054, 8800733955 Fax: +91-11-23845886 Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org Take a look at NIIR PROJECT CONSULTANCY SERVICES on #StreetView https://goo.gl/VstWkd www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org
  • 95. Contact us 106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall, New Delhi-110007, India. Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886 Mobile: +91-9097075054 , 8800733955 Fax: +91-11-23845886 Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org Take a look at on #StreetView https://goo.gl/VstWkd www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org
  • 97. For more information, visit us at: www.niir.org www.entrepreneurindia.co www.entrepreneurindia.co www.niir.org