This document discusses various methods for separating binary mixtures, including physical and chemical separation techniques. It covers separating solid-solid, solid-liquid, and liquid-liquid mixtures. Physical separation methods include distillation, crystallization, filtration, and solvent extraction. Chemical separation methods involve the use of reagents like water, sodium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid, and sodium hydroxide to separate mixtures based on differences in solubility or reactions of the components. Specific examples are provided to illustrate how these separation methods can be applied to separate mixtures like chloroform, urea, benzoic acid, and other compounds.

1. .
Aanchal Mishra,
T.Y B. Pharmacy,
SVB’s College of Pharmacy.

2. Separation of binary mixture
1. Solid + Solid
•
2. Solid + Liquid
3. Liquid + Liquid
▪ Classified onto the basis of nature.
▪ First, Physical method
▪ Then, Chemical method
Aanchal Mishra ,
SVB’s Collegeof Pharmacy

3. Separation of Binary mixtures
Aanchal Mishra ,
SVB’s College of Pharmacy

4. WHAT IS PHYSICAL METHOD?
.
Mixture+
Water, Filter-
Evaporate
Residue after
evap in petri
dish
A cmpd –WS
B cmpd-WI
Water
separation
Residue in form
of syrupy mass
A cmpd –WS
B cmpd -Sugar/Carbohydrate
Ether
separation
Used in cases of –
A. WS acid +WI acid
B. WS Neutral +WI acid
C. WS Neutral +WSWeak acid
D. WS base +WI acid……etc
It can be commonly found in
Such mixtures.
AanchalMishra ,
SVB’sCollegeof Pharmacy

5. WHAT IS CHEMICAL METHOD?
.
Mixture + sat.
NaHCO3
Effervescence
Confirm by
adding conc.
HCl to filtrate
Strong acid
confirmed
Residue 1, no
effervescence
Residue 1 + dil. NaOH
Dissolves in
NaOH
Doesn’t
dissolves in
NaOH
Used forWI compounds.
Aanchal Mishra ,
SVB’sCollegeof Pharmacy

6. Dissolves
in NaOH
Filtrate +
Conc. HCl
White ppt
ofWA
Weak
Acid
Doesn’t
dissolves in
NaOH
To residue,
add 10% dil.
HCl
Dissolves in
HCl - base
probability
To it, add
strong NaOH,
regeneration
BASE
Doesn’t
Dissolves
Other cmpd,
NEUTRAL
Continued….
Aanchal Mishra ,
SVB’sCollegeof Pharmacy

7. Separation of Liquid binary mixture
1. HBL – LBL
• <80 C
• E.g. Butanol & Acetone
2. HBL – HBL
• >80 C
• E.g. Butanol & anisole
3. LBL - Solid
• <80 C
• E.g. Acetone & Salicylic acid
4. HBL - Solid
▪ Classified onto the basis of
nature.
Here as well, 2 Methods i.e.
1. Chemical Method
(Solvent Extraction)
2. Physical Method
(Simple Distillation)
AanchalMishra ,
SVB’sCollegeof Pharmacy

8. Separation of Liquid Binary Mixture

9. Aanchal Mishra , SVB’s College of Pharmacy
https://pediaa.com/wp-
content/uploads/2017/02/Difference-
Between-Fractional-Distillation-and-
Simple-Distillation-2.jpg

10. Aanchal Mishra ,
SVB’sCollegeof Pharmacy
https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~zhall/flowchartone.JPG

11. RECRYSTALLIZATION
Choose a
particular
solvent
Heat the
solvent & add
to mixture
Begin cooling
solution at RT
Add charcoal
for better
processing
Boil & then, let
it cool
Collect the
crystals by
Filtration
AanchalMishra ,
SVB’sCollegeof Pharmacy

12. A. Chloroform – 61.2C – LBL
B. Urea– WS Base
C. Benzoic Acid– WI SA
D. B- Napthol– WI WA
E. M- Nitroaniline–WI base
F. Biphenyl – WI Neutral
AanchalMishra ,
SVB’sCollegeof Pharmacy

13. A+B+C+D+E+F
A – chloroform
separated
B+C+D+E+F
B will be separated
- Urea- WS Base
C+D+E+F
C – Benzoic acid
(regenerate
using HCl
D+E+F
Physical
Distillation
Water
Sat.
NAHCO3
AanchalMishra ,
SVB’sCollegeof Pharmacy

14. D+E+F
Napthol will be
separated.
Reg. with conc. HCl
E+F
NA will be separated.
Reg with strong NaOH
F – Biphenyl as
residue
Neutral
Dil.
10% NaOH
10% dil.
HCl
AanchalMishra ,
SVB’sCollegeof Pharmacy

15. Aanchal Mishra , SVB’s College of Pharmacy