Transplantation involves transferring cells, tissues, or organs from one site to another within an individual or between individuals. There are four main types of grafts: autografts which are transplanted within the same individual; isografts which are transplanted between genetically identical individuals; allografts which are transplanted between genetically non-identical individuals of the same species; and xenografts which are transplanted between different species. Graft rejection can occur in several forms including hyperacute, acute, or chronic rejection and is caused by the immune response against foreign tissue.

3. Transplantation refers to the act of transferring cells, tissues or organs
from one site to another within individuals or between different
individuals or between different species of genetically identical or not.
Transplantation

4. The tissue or organ transplanted is known as the transplant or graft.
The individual from whom the graft is obtained is known as the donor
and the individual on whom it is applied known as recipient or
acceptor.
Donor Accepter

5. Types of Grafts
 Autograft
 Isograft (Syngraft)
 Allograft (Homograft)
 Xenograft (Heterograft).

6. Autograft
• Tissue transplanted from one part of the body to another in the same
individual. Also known as Autotransplants.
• It is always accepted.

7. Isograft
• Transplantation in which organs or tissues are transplanted from a
donor to a genetically identical recipient (such as an identical twin).
It is also known as Isotransplants.
• It is always accepted.

8. Allograft
• Allograft is a transplant of an organ or tissue between two
genetically non-identical members of the same species.

9. Xenograft
• A transplant of organs or tissue from one species to another. An
example is porcine heart valve transplant, which is quite common
and successful.

10. Graft Rejection
Graft vs. Host Disease Transplant Rejection
Acute GVHD
Chronic GVHD
Hyper Acute Rejection
Acute Rejection
Chronic Rejection

13. Graft vs. Host Disease
 Caused by the reaction of grafted mature T-cells in the marrow
inoculum with alloantigens of the host
 Acute GVHD
Characterized by epithelial cell death in the skin, GI tract, and liver
 Chronic GVHD
Characterized by fibrosis of one or more of these organs as well as
the lungs

14. Transplant Rejection
 Hyper Acute Rejection
 Acute Rejection
 Chronic Rejection

17. Endothelial cells release von Willebrand factor
that mediate platelets adhesion
Endothelial cells lost the cell surface
heparin sulfate proteoglycans that
normally interact with antithrombin III
to inhibit coagulation.