Introduction to organ
transplantation
Dr. Naila Shahid
Assistant Professor
CEMB

• Organ Transplantation is unique among surgical procedures
• Procedure cannot take place without the donation of an organ or a
partial organ from another person.
• Since 198, more than 390,000 organs have been transplanted.
Introduction

• Organ transplantation is medical procedure in which an organ is removed
from one body and placed in the body of an recipient, to replace a damage or
missing organs.
• The donor and recipient may be at the same location ,or organs me be
transported from a donor site to another location.
• Organs and tissues that are transplanted within the same persons are called
autografts.
• Transplantation that are recently performed between two subjects of the
same species are called allografts.

• Isograft
• An Isograft is a graft of tissue between two individuals who are genetically identical (i.e. monozygotic twins)
• Isografts are differentiated from other types of transplants while they are anatomically identical to allografts, they
do not trigger an immune response.
• Split Transplants
• Sometime a deceased donor organ, usually a liver may be divided between two recipients, especially an adult and
child. This is not usually a preferred option because the transplantation of a whole organ is usually more successful.
• Xenografts
• Xenografts tissue or organs from an individual of one species transplanted into or grafted onto an organism of
another species, genus or family.

Organs that can be transplanted
• Heart
• Intestine
• Kidney
• Liver
• Lung
• Pancreas

Types of Donor
• Living donor
• In living donors, the door remains alive and donates a renewable tissues, cell
or fluid (ex: skin, blood) or donates an organ (primarily single kidney
donation, partial donation of liver, lung lobe).
• Diseased donors
• People who have been declared brain dead and whose organs are kept viable
by ventilators or other mechanical mechanism until they can be excised for
transplantation

Organ Rejection
• Transplant rejection is a process in which a transplant recipient's immune
system attacks the transplanted organ or tissue.
Types of Rejections
• Hyper acute rejections
• Acute rejection
• Chronic rejection

• Hyperacute rejection occurs a few minutes after the transplant when the
antigens are completely unmatched. Tissue must be removed to save the life
of patient.
• Acute rejection may occur any time from the first week after the transplant
to 3 months afterward. All recipients have some type of acute rejections
• Chronic rejection can take place over many years. The body’s constant
immune response against the new organ slowly damages the transplanted
tissue or organ

Complications After Transplantation
• Rejection.
• Infections
• Cancer
• Atherosclerosis.
• Kidney problems.
• Gout.
• Graft-versus-host disease.
• Osteoporosis

Thanks