This document summarizes an internship project on synthesizing nanopowders for solid oxide fuel cell anodes. The intern aimed to synthesize a pure nanostructured phase of lanthanum-doped ceria using solution plasma spraying. Tests were also conducted to deposit a coating of lanthanum strontium titanate and yttria-stabilized zirconia on a thin disk using suspension plasma spraying. The intern obtained promising results for synthesizing lanthanum-doped ceria powder but needs to improve the quality of the composite coating deposition to overcome issues like thermal cracking of the substrate. Future work involves refining the ceria and coating synthesis processes and testing a lanthanum-doped ceria
Synthesis of Nio Nanoparticles by Diffusion Flame ReactorIJERA Editor
Nanoparticles of NiO are synthesized by diffusion flame reactor using Nickel nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO3)2.6H2O] as a precursor, dissolved in acetone. LPG and Oxygen is used as Fuel and oxidant in these experiments. Flowrate of 0.2slpm (Standard Liter per minute) of LPG, 0.7slpm of Oxygen and 10slpm of Nitrogen as career gas is used in flame reactor. The morphology and crystalline phase of the synthesized nickel oxide nanocrystals have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transition electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average particle diameter of the NiO particle is 40-50nm.
Synthesis of Nio Nanoparticles by Diffusion Flame ReactorIJERA Editor
Nanoparticles of NiO are synthesized by diffusion flame reactor using Nickel nitrate hexahydrate [Ni(NO3)2.6H2O] as a precursor, dissolved in acetone. LPG and Oxygen is used as Fuel and oxidant in these experiments. Flowrate of 0.2slpm (Standard Liter per minute) of LPG, 0.7slpm of Oxygen and 10slpm of Nitrogen as career gas is used in flame reactor. The morphology and crystalline phase of the synthesized nickel oxide nanocrystals have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transition electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The average particle diameter of the NiO particle is 40-50nm.
Synthesis of Spinel based Catalysts by Wet chemical methods for Colour Remova...PranavkumarRana
The study aimed at color removal and COD degradation of
synthetic wastewater of methylene blue dye via photocatalysis using various spinel catalysts
prepared by different methods. The methylene blue dye with strong azo bond with structure
made up of autochrome and chromophore. The Azo dyes are widely used in textile, paper and
leather industries. The present study is essentially related to the degradation of selected
methylene blue and dye from synthetic dye wastewater however it has been extended to actual
industrial effluents. In order to control wastewater pollution due to dyes the UV-Photocatalytic
degradation technology has been carried out by some researchers using spinel catalysts. Spinel
catalysts are oxides with general formula AB2O4 where A and B are the rare earth, A has
octahedral site and B has tetrahedral site. alkaline earth, alkali metals and transition metal
cations which are expected to be able to overcome the limitations of semiconductors as
photocatalysts.
Octahedral rhenium K4[Re6S8(CN)6] and Cu(OH)2cluster modifiedTiO2for the phot...Pawan Kumar
tOctahedral hexacyano rhenium K4[Re6S8(CN)6] cluster complexes were grafted onto photoactive Cu(OH)2cluster modified TiO2{Cu(OH)2/TiO2} support. The rhenium and copper cluster modified TiO2photocata-lyst combines the advantages of heterogeneous catalyst (facile recovery, recycling ability of the catalyst)with the reactivity, selectivity of the soluble molecular catalyst. The synthesized heterogeneous cata-lyst was found to be highly efficient photoredox catalyst for the reduction of CO2under visible lightirradiation. Methanol was found to be the major liquid product with the formation of hydrogen as a byproduct as determined with GC-FID and GC-TCD, respectively. The methanol yield after 24 h irradiationwas found to be 149 mol/0.1 g cat. for Re-cluster@Cu(OH)2/TiO2photocatalyst that is much higher than35 mol/0.1 g cat. for Cu(OH)2/TiO2and 75 mol/0.1 g cat. for equimolar rhenium cluster in the presenceof triethanolamine (TEOA) as a sacrificial donor. The quantum yields (MeOH) of Re-cluster@Cu(OH)2/TiO2and Cu(OH)2/TiO2were found to be 0.018 and 0.004 mol einstein−1, respectively. These values are muchhigher than those reported for other heterogeneous catalysts for six electron transfer reaction
Alkali P-Nitrophenolates for Short Wavelength Laser GenerationEditor IJCATR
Single crystals of alkali p-Nitrophenolates namely sodium p-nitrophenolate dihydrate (SPNP), potassium p- nitrophenolate
monohydrate (PPNP) and lithium p-nitrophenolate trihydrate (LPNP) using Group I elements (Na, K, Li) and p-nitrophenols were grown
by solvent evaporation method. Single crystal XRD analysis shows that SPNP and LPNP crystallize in noncentrosymmetric space group
while PPNP is centrosymmetric. Using Autox software, all the peaks in the recorded powder XRD spectrum of the samples were identified
and indexed. The FT – IR spectra of the sample reveals the characteristic vibrations of the functional groups present in alkalinitrophenolates.
A weak absorption band around the region 1589–1641 cm-1 confirms the presence of the phenolic ring. A broad
intermolecular hydrogen bonded OH stretching at 3325 cm-1 of p- nitrophenol is shifted which shows the increase in the polarizable nature
of p–nitrophenol and thus easily forms a metal (sodium/ potassium/ lithium) coordination compound. UV-Vis spectrum shows that all the
crystals are transparent above 400 nm and has a wide optical window in the visible region. Intense absorption peak in the UV region may
be due to the colored nature of the compound. Addition of metal ion (sodium/potassium) modifies the optical transparency of the original
molecule (p-nitro phenol) and consequently introduces a bath chromic shift of 90/40 nm in the crystal transparency of the samples. Kurtz
powder technique result shows that the relative SHG efficiency of SPNP and LPNP was nearly 5 and 9.25 times of KDP.
Growth and Structural studies of Zn doped L-Threonine single crystaltheijes
Non linear optical phenomenon in material plays a major role in the emerging photonics and opto electro technologies. In the search of new and efficient NLO material in organic element (Zn) doped L-Threonine organic crystal were grown in the present study. The grown crystals were characterized by measuring the density by floatation technique. The structure of the crystals were studied by FTIR spectrum. The lattice parameters of pure and doped crystals were calculated from SXRD and PXRD respectively. The lattice parameters shows the crystal belong to orthorhombic system
Synthesis of Spinel based Catalysts by Wet chemical methods for Colour Remova...PranavkumarRana
The study aimed at color removal and COD degradation of
synthetic wastewater of methylene blue dye via photocatalysis using various spinel catalysts
prepared by different methods. The methylene blue dye with strong azo bond with structure
made up of autochrome and chromophore. The Azo dyes are widely used in textile, paper and
leather industries. The present study is essentially related to the degradation of selected
methylene blue and dye from synthetic dye wastewater however it has been extended to actual
industrial effluents. In order to control wastewater pollution due to dyes the UV-Photocatalytic
degradation technology has been carried out by some researchers using spinel catalysts. Spinel
catalysts are oxides with general formula AB2O4 where A and B are the rare earth, A has
octahedral site and B has tetrahedral site. alkaline earth, alkali metals and transition metal
cations which are expected to be able to overcome the limitations of semiconductors as
photocatalysts.
Octahedral rhenium K4[Re6S8(CN)6] and Cu(OH)2cluster modifiedTiO2for the phot...Pawan Kumar
tOctahedral hexacyano rhenium K4[Re6S8(CN)6] cluster complexes were grafted onto photoactive Cu(OH)2cluster modified TiO2{Cu(OH)2/TiO2} support. The rhenium and copper cluster modified TiO2photocata-lyst combines the advantages of heterogeneous catalyst (facile recovery, recycling ability of the catalyst)with the reactivity, selectivity of the soluble molecular catalyst. The synthesized heterogeneous cata-lyst was found to be highly efficient photoredox catalyst for the reduction of CO2under visible lightirradiation. Methanol was found to be the major liquid product with the formation of hydrogen as a byproduct as determined with GC-FID and GC-TCD, respectively. The methanol yield after 24 h irradiationwas found to be 149 mol/0.1 g cat. for Re-cluster@Cu(OH)2/TiO2photocatalyst that is much higher than35 mol/0.1 g cat. for Cu(OH)2/TiO2and 75 mol/0.1 g cat. for equimolar rhenium cluster in the presenceof triethanolamine (TEOA) as a sacrificial donor. The quantum yields (MeOH) of Re-cluster@Cu(OH)2/TiO2and Cu(OH)2/TiO2were found to be 0.018 and 0.004 mol einstein−1, respectively. These values are muchhigher than those reported for other heterogeneous catalysts for six electron transfer reaction
Alkali P-Nitrophenolates for Short Wavelength Laser GenerationEditor IJCATR
Single crystals of alkali p-Nitrophenolates namely sodium p-nitrophenolate dihydrate (SPNP), potassium p- nitrophenolate
monohydrate (PPNP) and lithium p-nitrophenolate trihydrate (LPNP) using Group I elements (Na, K, Li) and p-nitrophenols were grown
by solvent evaporation method. Single crystal XRD analysis shows that SPNP and LPNP crystallize in noncentrosymmetric space group
while PPNP is centrosymmetric. Using Autox software, all the peaks in the recorded powder XRD spectrum of the samples were identified
and indexed. The FT – IR spectra of the sample reveals the characteristic vibrations of the functional groups present in alkalinitrophenolates.
A weak absorption band around the region 1589–1641 cm-1 confirms the presence of the phenolic ring. A broad
intermolecular hydrogen bonded OH stretching at 3325 cm-1 of p- nitrophenol is shifted which shows the increase in the polarizable nature
of p–nitrophenol and thus easily forms a metal (sodium/ potassium/ lithium) coordination compound. UV-Vis spectrum shows that all the
crystals are transparent above 400 nm and has a wide optical window in the visible region. Intense absorption peak in the UV region may
be due to the colored nature of the compound. Addition of metal ion (sodium/potassium) modifies the optical transparency of the original
molecule (p-nitro phenol) and consequently introduces a bath chromic shift of 90/40 nm in the crystal transparency of the samples. Kurtz
powder technique result shows that the relative SHG efficiency of SPNP and LPNP was nearly 5 and 9.25 times of KDP.
Growth and Structural studies of Zn doped L-Threonine single crystaltheijes
Non linear optical phenomenon in material plays a major role in the emerging photonics and opto electro technologies. In the search of new and efficient NLO material in organic element (Zn) doped L-Threonine organic crystal were grown in the present study. The grown crystals were characterized by measuring the density by floatation technique. The structure of the crystals were studied by FTIR spectrum. The lattice parameters of pure and doped crystals were calculated from SXRD and PXRD respectively. The lattice parameters shows the crystal belong to orthorhombic system
High-performance CO2 sorbents from algae - presentation by Magdalena Titirici in the Biomass CCS session at the UKCCSRC Cardiff Biannual Meeting, 10-11 September 2014
Presentation at the 42nd HPC User Forum 6-8 Sept 2011. Why do commercial customers need to do simulation, why HPC is important. Presents examples in protein-ligand binding, fuel cells, batteries, sensors
Environmental Catalysis Module: Students examines different types of catalytic systems, including heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. Depending on the knowledge they gained during activities, the students are then asked to design their projects.
Our Project: Methanol Synthesizer Catalyst : A catalyst composed of copper alloys with ceria (cerium-oxide) nanoparticles, sometimes also mixed with titania. The catalyst were exposed to pressure of 0.5 atom of CO2 and 4.5 atom of H2 at a range of reaction temperatures 500-600 Kalvin.
By: ABJ_ Cobalt8, Ali Bin Jassim Secondary Independent School for Boys.
Effective Adsorbents for Establishing Solids Looping as a Next Generation NG PCC Technology, Hao Liu, University of Nottingham - UKCCSRC Strathclyde Biannual 8-9 September 2015
Lithium-Ion Batteries towards Circular Economy: A Literature Review of Opport...OlgaRodrguezLargo
Presentation of a literature review of opportunities and issues of recycling treatments for Lithium-Ion Batteries in SDEWES19 Conference, within the framework of the European Project CarE-Service.
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 776851.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !
Oral presentation
1. Nanopowder Synthesis
Nanopowder Synthesis
for Solid Oxide Fuel
for Solid Oxide Fuel
Cells Anodes
Cells DO QUANG
Anodes
Anh Mai
Supervisors:
Prof. François Gitzhofer
Yan Shen (PhD)
July 5th 2012 CREPE – Faculté de génie- Université de Sherbrooke Internship Master 2 IC
2. CONTENTS
I. Laboratory Overview
III. Project & Objectives
V. SOFC Fundamentals
VII. Methodology
IX. Results & Discussions
XI. Conclusion & Future work
Anh Mai DO QUANG 2
3. I. LABORATORY OVERVIEW
Centre de Recherche en Energie, Plasma et
Electrochimie (CREPE)
Mission : Develop new materials by using plasma process
Director : François Gitzhofer , ing. PhD
Research themes :
• Development of materials for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC);
• Synthesis of nanopowder;
• Synthesis of new catalysts based on nanoscale materials by using plasma
technology;
• Application in nano-structured and new compositions of coating deposition
to improve the performances of aircraft turbines and diesel engines;
• Biomedical application (synthesis of bio-materials for prosthetic bones).
Anh Mai DO QUANG 3
4. I. PROJECT & OBJECTIVES
PROJECT
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) :
• Applications : auxiliary power units in vehicles to stationary
power generation with outputs from 100 W to 2 MW
• Advantages : clean device, high efficiency, flexibility in the
choice of fuel, internal gas reforming, no moving part…
• Project :
- Work on SOFC anode materials within the NSERC Solid Oxide
Fuel Cells Canada Strategic Research Network
- Synthesis of nanoscale material by using plasma technology
Anh Mai DO QUANG 4
5. I. PROJECT & OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES
• SOFC anode material : Lanthane Doped Ceria – Lanthane Doped
with Strontium titanate – Yttria Stabilized Zirconia
• Nanopowder synthesis with a pure nanostructured phase of
La0.4Ce0.6O2
• Contribution to the anode coating deposition of a suspension of :
– La0.4Sr0.6TiO3 and Yttria Stabilized Zirconia on a thin disk
– La0.4Ce0.6O2 - La0.4Sr0.6TiO3 – Yttria Stabilized Zirconia on a thin disk
The coating must be porous, homogeneous and provide a good
boundary at the anode/electrolyte interface
Anh Mai DO QUANG 5
6. I. SOFC FUNDAMENTALS
HOW DOES A SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL WORK?
– 3 main components : Anode – Electrolyte – Cathode
– Cathode reaction : O2 + 4e- → 2O2-
– Anode reactions : H2 + O2- → H2O + 2e-
CO + O2- → CO2 + 2e-
– Reformer reaction : CxH2x+2 + xH2O → xCO + (X+2)H2
– Operating temperature : 600°C-1000 °C
Anh Mai DO QUANG 6
7. Internal Reformer Supported SOFC Operation Principle
e e
e e
e
Green – Bio – Regular e Oxygen
Diesel
H
+ Water
H
H e
O
HO
e
2 H2 + O2 = 2 H2O C
O e
CO + ½ O2 = CO2
O O
C e
O
Electrolyte
Water + CO2 Reformer Anode Cathode
600-700˚C
8. I. SOFC FUNDAMENTALS
ANODE REQUIREMENTS
– Stable in a reducing environment
– Suitable porosity
– Thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) similar to the other
components
– Tolerance to sulfur (5000 ppm)
– Catalytic activity towards electro-oxidation of fuels
– High electronic conductivity
– Sufficient ionic conductivity
Anh Mai DO QUANG 8
9. I. METHODOLOGY
• Synthesis of LDC powder by
solution plasma spraying
Solution of La0.4Ce0.6O2 is made of
La(NO3)3•6H2O and Ce(NO3)3•6H2O
Plasma torch Tekna PL - 50
Torch nozzle diameter 45 mm
Central plasma gas (Ar) 27 slpm
Sheath plasma gases (O2) 80 slpm
Atomization gas (Ar) 11.4 slpm
Plasma power 35-40 kW
Chamber pressure 150 Torrs
Solution injection flow rate 5-4 ml/min
Anh Mai DO QUANG 9
10. Solution
Torch
Vacuum
Reactor Porous metal filter
Filter Unit
11. I. METHODOLOGY
• Deposition of La0.4Sr0.6TiO3 – Yttria Stabilized Zirconia
on a thin Yttria Stabilized Zirconia disk (~380 µm) by
suspension plasma spraying
– Solution of La0.4Sr0.6TiO3 + suspension of Yttria
Stabilized Zirconia nanopowder.
• The solution of La0.4Sr0.6TiO3 was made of a nitrate
solution of lanthanum and strontium which was
stirred with titanium propoxide and triethanolamine
– Several tests of the disks in the plasma with varied
parameters (spraying distance, power…)
Anh Mai DO QUANG 11
12. I. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
• Lanthanum Doped Ceria XRD : First Synthesis
Plasma power 35 kW
Solution concentration 1 mol/L
Solution injection flow rate 5 ml/min
Anh Mai DO QUANG 12
13. I. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
• Lanthanum Doped Ceria XRD : Second Synthesis
Plasma power 40 kW
Solution concentration 0,8 mol/L
Solution injection flow rate 4 ml/min
Anh Mai DO QUANG 13
14. I. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
• Lanthanum Doped Ceria TEM : Second Synthesis
Anh Mai DO QUANG 14
15. I. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS
• Coating deposition of LST-YSZ on the thin
substrate
Proper deposition way and suitable plasma
parameters of preventing the YSZ disks from cracking
have been finished
The quality of the coating still needs to be improved
Anh Mai DO QUANG 15
16. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE
WORK
CONCLUSION
Lanthanum Doped Ceria powder synthesis : suitable parameters
have been found to obtain a pure phase
Lanthanum doped Strontium Titanate – Yttria Stabilized Zirconia
deposition : suitable parameters for the survival of disk have been
found but not for the quality of the coating
FUTURE WORK:
– Lanthanum Doped Ceria powder : Do the synthesis again
– Coating deposition of Lanthanum doped Strontium Titanate – Yttria
Stabilized Zirconia : overcome the thermal shock problem (micro-
heater), new substrate
– Do experiments for Lanthanum Doped Ceria – Lanthanum Doped
with Strontium titanate – Yttria Stabilized Zirconia
Anh Mai DO QUANG 16
17. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
SPECIAL THANKS TO :
o Prof. François Gitzhofer, for his general supervision and his advice
during the internship;
o Yan Shen, a PhD candidate, for following me up during this
internship;
o Kossi Béré, the lab technician, for his precious help during the
experiments;
o Mingwen Guo, a Master candidate, for his assistance ;
o Stéphane Gutierrez and Charles Bertrand for their work to the
sample characterization ;
o SOFC Canada for their funding support and for their invitation to
the SOFC annual general meeting at Calgary.
Anh Mai DO QUANG 17
Editor's Notes
Je vais vous présenter aujourd’hui mon travail effectué durant ce stage que j’ai réalisé au Québec depuis le 16 fevrier. Le sujet de mon stage porte sur la synthèse de nanopoudres pour les anodes de piles a combustible à electrolyte solide, connues sous le nom de piles SOFC.
Cette présentation contient plusieurs parties. En premier lieu, je vais faire une brève présentation du laboratoire qui sera suivi du context ainsi que des objectifs de mon travail. J’expliquerai ensuite ce que sont les piles SOFC et leur fonctionnnement. La partie expérimentale contient la méthodologie et les outils utilisés ainsi que les résultats que j’ai obtenus jusqu’à présent. Et enfin je conclurai sur le bilan du stage et des travaux futurs
Le laboratoire du CREPE a été créé en 2003 par le prof. Gitzhofer et regroupe des chercheurs, du personnel hautement qualifiés et des étudiants Le laboratoire a pour but d’utiliser le procédé plasma dans differents axes de recherche tels que le developpement de materiaux pour les piles SOFC, la synthese de nanopoudres; la synthese de catalyseurs, revetement de turbines du futur pour les avions ou encore la synthese de bio-materiaux pour les protheses.
Les SOFC attirent bcp les scientifique comme une nouvelle source d’energie innovante et qui respecte l’environnement. On retrouve dans les domaines telles que les applications stationnaires avec une puissance de sortie allant de 100 kW à 2 MW Les sofc présente des avantages comme la flexibilité du choix du combustible, gaz naturel, bio diesel…
Le but final du stage est de fabriquer le matériau LDC-LST-YSZ. LDC : Oxide de cerium dopé avec du lanthane, LST Titanate de strontium dopé avec du lanthane, YSZ: Zircone stabilisé avec de l’yttrium. le travail en 2 parties principales: la synthese de pourdres nanometric de LDC qui est entre autre la partie sur laquelle je me suis concentrée. La pudre obtenue doit etre pure et de taille nanometrique le dépôt de LST-YSZ sur un substrat de YSZ . Le revetement doit etre poreux, homogene et doit fournir une bonne adhesion au niveau de l’interface anode/electrolyte Lorsque ces deux etapes seront réalisés on pourra faire le dépot de LDCLST-YSZ Coating must be porous, homogenous and good boundary at the anode/electrolyte interface to avoid any delimination. After doing these steps, we will mixed LDC with LST-YSZ to do the coating deposition of LDC-LST YSZ
Anode and cathode are porous. Dense electrolyte must prevent any gas mixing between anode and cathode. Cathode fed by oxygen from air = reduction Anode fed by fuel= oxidation SOFC operates at very high temperature, but now, scientists tried to lower the operating temperature in order to reach a temperature around 600-700°C
La pile SOFC permet de convertir de l’energie chimique en électricité en faisant reagir un combustible et un oxidant via un electolyte conducteur ionic. Diesel alimente l’anode a travers un reformage où il est converti en CO et H2. CO et H2 sont oxidé a l’anode et des electrons sont libéré par un circuit exterieur. L’oxidant qui est l’air en general alimente la cathode où sont acceptés les electrons du circuit externe. La reaction de reduction à lieu à a cathode. Le flux d’electrons ds le circuit externe produit un courant electrique. La pile genere a la fin de l’eau et du CO2.
Suitable porosity to let gases go through the anode TEC to avoid any cracking or delimination Because sulfur poisoning limits the performance of the cell Good catalytic activity, a high elec.cond and sufficient ionic. Cond. To increase the anode performance.
For the synthsis of LDC powder, we made a solution of La nitrates and Ce nitrates. On retrouve ds ce tableau les differents parametres de la synthese. Plusieurs syntheses ont été effectués. After collecting the powder, a part of the powder was put in the oven for 2hours-calcination.
Ce shéma presente le system plasma su reacteur de synthese. Le plasma est généré par une torch qui est connecté a un generateur de puissance à haute frequence. La flamme est formé à l’interieur de la torch par les gaz argon et oxygen qui sont partiellement ionisé. Un tube en ceramique est utilisé comme tube de confinement pour le plasma. Le systeme contient un reacteur , un reacteur auxiliaire comportant des filtres. Tout le systeme possede un systeme de refroidissement. Quand le plasma est démaré la solution de nitrate est injectée ds le plasma par un epompe perilstatic et est directement atomisé par une sonde. Apres des reactions chimiques, la poudre est deposé sur les faces internes du reacteur et du reacteur auxiliaires ainsi que sur les filtres
Je ne vais pas détailler cette partie, mais avec le reacteur de déposition on fait la projection thermique de LST-YSZ sur des disk de YSZ.
Not pure phase . We can see LDC peaks but also LAa2O3 peaks
On obtient une phase presque pure car il y a disparition des peak d’oxide de lanthane Cependant on a une contamination de silicium du au tube en quartz de la torche