The document provides a lesson on the nature, elements, process and functions of communication. It begins with learning competencies and objectives for understanding communication. It then discusses defining communication, explaining its nature as a process between two or more people using verbal and nonverbal means. It outlines the elements of communication including sender, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, feedback and context. It explains the process of communication using a diagram. Finally, it discusses the functions of communication including regulation/control, social interaction, motivation, information and emotional expression.

1. 1
ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT
LESSON TITLE:
Nature, Elements, Process and Functions
of Communication
Name of Teacher –Writer: KRISTEL E. GANADO
School: TAGUDIN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Republic of the Philippines
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region I
Division of Ilocos Sur
11

2. 2
Most Essential Learning Competency 1: Explains the
functions, nature and process of communication
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:
1. define communication; EN11/12OC-Ia-1
2. explain the nature and process of communication;
EN11/12OC-Ia-2
3. apply the process of communication; and
4. discuss the functions of communication.
EN11/12OC-Ibe-8
1
1
Hello there! It’s about time to spend your time learning at home with this informative
and purposive learning kit emphasizing the WORLD OF ORAL COMMUNICATION. This first
learning kit will serve as a strong foundation for all the tasks ahead. Therefore, you will first
learn its definition, nature, elements and functions.
You will be directed by its specific parts where a step-by-step learning procedure is
highly organized. First, you have to look at the learning competencies to be covered which
summarize your targeted goals in this learning session. Second, a simple review or
motivational activity is adhered as a starting point of bringing you to a more complex yet
fulfilling gain of knowledge and skill. Third, short discussion is included for a better
understanding, and is accompanied with fourth, specific examples. Practicing what you have
explored through exercises is the fifth one, and comes the sixth and seventh where
generalization and application are stressed. Finally, the eighth, an assessment is made for
you to check if you have mastered the lesson well.
For a very important reminder, you should have your own Activity Notebook in Oral
Communication in Context. All the activities should be answered in your notebook. Please
do not write anything in this learning kit.
So, are you excited to experience the new normal learning process? Always
remember, learning comes from within. Therefore, motivate yourself to learn more and more.
Here is the learning kit for you to be redirected to the value of education.
Stay at home, stay safe and stay focused!

3. 3
DIRECTIONS: Provided below is an interactive comic about coronavirus. Answer
briefly the questions that follow based on your observations.
Source: https://alliancecpha.org/en/system/tdf/library/attachments/covid19_comic_p2_english.png?file=1&type=node&id=37908
1. Who do you think can be the possible speaker in the comic?
2. What about the receivers of the message, who do you think they are?
3. How did the speaker summarize his/her message? What did he/she say?
4. Is there an exchange of thought between the speaker and the receivers?
How?
5. If you are the receiver, what and how are you going to respond with the
speaker’s message?
Now based on the given scenario, in your own words, define
COMMUNICATION.
Communicate with me!
A comic about coronavirus is flashed below as a main
reference for you to answer the processing questions under it.
Are you ready? Here it is.
MOTIVATION

4. 4
Based on the Warm-Up Activity, a single representation of how
communication works is emphasized. As Paul Watzlawick
explained, “One cannot not communicate” which means that
we, as humans, communicate as soon as we perceive one
another. So let us move on to this journey together as we
discuss the world of COMMUNICATION – its definition,
nature, elements, process and functions.
Lesson 1: Definition of Communication
Communication is derived from the Latin word communis, which means “to
share,” that is, to share ideas, concepts, feelings, and emotions, among other
shareable values. – Scribd.com
There is a wide variety of contexts and situations in which communication can
be manifested; it can be a face-to-face interaction, a phone conversation, a group
discussion, a meeting or interview, a letter correspondence, a class recitation, and
many others. Now, remember that communication is not exclusive for two people only;
instead, it is also for group such as group of friends, relatives, churchmates,
classmates and all other people we might communicate with. You may also
communicate with your pets, right?
You have to realize that you live each day with the presence of communication.
For example, when you wake up in the morning, what do you usually do first? Do you
pray? What is the usual content of your prayer? When you thank Him, or ask for your
own petitions to be granted, and even ask for forgiveness, you are applying the
process of communication.
Lesson 2: Nature of Communication
To capture it clearly, you must understand the three natures of communication.
1. Communication
is a process. It
includes a step by
step procedure to
convey messages.
2. Communication
occurs between two
or more people. It
involves the
presence of a sender
and receiver of
message.
3. Communication can be
expressed through written or
spoken words, actions
(nonverbal), or both spoken words
and nonverbal actions at the same
time. It means that we can
communicate in many ways, not only
through speaking but also through
writing, and suggesting actions or
gestures.
Now, to help you understand the mechanics or process of communication, let
us look on its elements.
DISCUSSION

5. 5
Lesson 3: ELEMENTS OF COMMUNICATION – (Waguey, 2017)
1. Sender This refers to the person who intends to convey the message with
the intention of passing information and ideas to others.
2. Message/
Idea
This refers to the subject matter of the communication. This may be
an opinion, attitude, feelings, views, orders, or suggestions.
3. Encoding It is the process of converting the message into words, actions,
pictures or other forms that the speaker understands.
4. Channel It is the method or medium by which the communication travels from
source or sender to receiver. A channel could be the paper on which
words are written, the Internet acting in the client-server model,
PowerPoint, or this learning kit that is allowing you to read these
words right now. Channels of communication exist in two types:
Personal channels involve
direct interpersonal contact
with target individuals or
groups. For example, a
salesperson serves as a
personal channel of
communication when
delivering a sales presentation.
Non-personal channels are
those which carry a message
transmitted to many individuals
at one time without involving
interpersonal contact between
sender and receiver. It can be
categorized to print and
broadcast media.
5. Receiver This refers to the person who receives the message or for whom the
message is meant for. This also refers to the one who tries to
understand the message in the best possible manner in achieving
the desired objectives.
6. Decoding It refers to the process of interpreting the encoded message of the
speaker by the receiver.
7. Feedback This refers to the process of ensuring that the receiver has received
the message and understood in the same sense as sender meant
it. This also refers to the reactions, responses, or information
provided by the receiver.
8. Context This refers to the setting in which communication takes place. It
helps establish meaning and can influence what is said and how it
is said. There are four aspects of context according to DeVito
(2005).
Physical Context refers to the
concrete environment It can be
a sporting event, place of
worship, or restaurant.
Cultural Context refers to the
values, beliefs, lifestyles, and
behaviors of a group of people.
Social-psychological
involves the norms of the group
in a situation, including the
intimacy or formality level
among speakers.
Temporal Context is the
positioning of a message within
a sequence of conversational
events.
9. Barrier/
Noise
In other books, they include “barrier” or “noise” as the 9th element of
communication. Barrier talks about the factors that affect the flow of
communication.

6. 6
Let us put all these components together to build a communication process that
shows the steps we take to achieve a successful communication.
To explain the process of communication in the diagram, the sender as the
source of the message will generate an idea where she encodes in his/her mind what
he/she wants to say through either in a personal or nonpersonal channel. After the
message has been sent, the receiver shall now interpret the message, and that is the
process of decoding. Now that the receiver has interpreted the message, he/she will
now give his/her feedback, and in between the conversation, there might be some
noises or barriers to effective communication.
Lesson 4: Functions of Communication
Communication functions refer to how people use language for different
purposes which also refers to how language is affected by different time, place, and
situation used to control the behavior of people and to regulate the nature and amount
of activities people engage in.
Five Functions of Oral Communication – oralcom.wordpress.com
Function Definition Examples
1. Regulation
/Control
It is a function
used to control
one’s behavior
Doctors’ prescription: “Take your medicine 3
times a day.”
Parents’ instruction to their child: “Wash the
dishes now, or else I won’t allow you to go to
the party later.”
Friends giving advice on what to do: “Move
on. He doesn’t love you anymore.”
2. Social
Interaction
It is used to
produce social
relationships
and to develop
bonds,
intimacy,
relations;
Marriage Proposal: “Will you marry me?”
Invitation: “Would you like some coffee, tea,
or me?”
3. Motivation This function is
used to
motivate or to
encourage
Encouragement: “You can do it.”
Channel
LEARNTECH IT: The Communication Process,
https://learntechit.com/the-process-of-communication/

7. 7
The communication process talks about the steps you
take in order to achieve a successful communication. Thus,
look at this example that shows how we process
communication.
people to live
better
4. Information This function is
used to convey
information.
Giving information: “Did you know that
there’s a secret apartment at the top of the
Eiffel tower?”
5. Emotional
Expression
It facilitates
people’s
expression of
their feelings
and emotions.
Appreciation: “I’m so glad that you came into
my life.”
Expressing one’s ambition: “I want to finish
up my studies with good grades to be
accepted in a good university.”
Expressing a need: “I need you in my life.”
Expressing prayers: “We pray for those who
suffered a broken heart from their crush.”
Scenario: A teacher teaching her students on the Process of
Communication
Teacher: The Process of Communication…Do you have any question?
Student: Ma’am, what if the receiver did not reply? Is it okay?
With that simple conversation between the teacher and student, we can see
how they have applied the process of communication: Teacher as the sender and
student as the receiver. Do you think that the message encoded and sent by the
speaker was clearly decoded by the receiver? Based on the student’s feedback,
he/she was able to understand the message of the teacher. How about the channel
used? It was through personal in a form of a lecture. Remember as well the 8th
element
of communication which is the context, which describes the environment where
communication takes place. In this case, the context is in the classroom. However,
barrier of communication is not included here. Look at how the diagram below was
made to show you how it was applied.
CHANNEL: Lecture
Teacher
I want my
students to
learn the
process of
communication
The Process of
Communication
…Do you have
any question?
Oh, I get it
now.
But I want to
ask a question
Student
Ma’am, what if the
receiver did not
reply? Is it okay?
SENDER
ENCODING DECODING
MESSAGE
RECEIVER
FEEDBACK
CONTEXT:
Physical-Classroom

8. 8
I. Identification
Directions: Identify what is asked in each item.
1. Communication is derived from the Latin word communis, which means?
2. It refers to the one who replies the transmitted message.
3. This is the medium or way of communication, like how the message was
sent.
4. These are the factors that affect the flow of communication.
5. It is the content of the sender’s idea.
II. Modified True or False
Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct. On the other hand,
take the part that makes the statement wrong and write the correct
answer.
1. Communication takes place through the initiation of the
sender or the speaker.
2. Communication can be expressed verbally and nonverbally.
3. The first nature of communication is telling us that
communication is not a process.
4. Encoding is the process of interpreting the message.
5. Another term for feedback is response.
III. Filipino Movie: Hugot Mode
Directions: Look at the picture, internalize their conversation and
answer the questions that follow.
One More Chance (2007) – Popoy and Basha
Source: https://twitter.com/cstabscbnmnl/status/668286746904260608
It is time to exercise your mind through these three various types
of activity which concentrate on the world of COMMUNICATION.
ACTIVITIES

9. 9
1. Who is the sender? What about the receiver?
2. Describe the context of the communication.
3. What specific channel of communication is applied?
4. Give an example of feedback presented by the receiver.
5. Was their communication effective? How? What can you say about their
facial expressions? Were they of great help to make it more effective?
Activity 1: Identifying the Functions of Communication
DIRECTIONS: The following are instances or situations that show the different
functions of communication. Determine the function of communication presented in
each situation. Choices are provided in the box. Write the letter ONLY of your answer.
Communication means to share your thoughts and ideas
through following its process which contains the elements
together with the functions that result to an effective
communication.
Think of a rare and probably the most unexpected
conversation you had with someone, and try to describe
briefly how was the process of your communication. Write first
a sample of your conversation, then identify what elements of
communication were present for you to be able to describe
the process. Please refer to the process and elements
discussed above.
Write your answer in your activity notebook. You will
be graded according to these criteria:
Clarity – 10 points
Flow of Discussion – 10 points
Understanding of the lesson – 10 points

10. 10
A. CONTROL B. EMOTIONAL
EXPRESSION
C. INFORMATION D. MOTIVATION E. SOCIAL
INTERACTION
1. Karla tries to motivate her friends to hang out in the mall.
2. The teacher reads and discusses classroom policies to her students.
3. Phoebe shares her insights on how to live peacefully despite a complicated life.
4. The members of the English Club are busy planning for the upcoming English Month
celebration.
5. Mrs. June Racca, the school principal, announced the schedule of the First
Periodical Examination.
6. Ka Tonying, a TV reporter of ABS-CBN, reported about sad flight of Filipino workers
in Saudi Arabia.
7. Karina bursts into tears while she watches the very moving episode of the drama
anthology “Maalaala Mo Kaya”.
8. Kuya Kim Atienza, the weather forecaster, tracks the path of the low-pressure area
(LPA) which might turn into a typhoon.
9. Marinna almost crumpled her face as she talks to Mario because she can no longer
hold her anger.
10. The teacher reprimands the student after confiscating his/her cell phone.
Activity 2: Applying the Process of Communication
DIRECTIONS: Given the conversation below, apply the process of
communication by creating a diagram just like how it was done in the previous
example. Use the pattern given after it.
The patient went to the hospital for check-up.
Doctor: What is bothering you?
Patient: I have chest pain.
Doctor: How long have you been feeling the pain?
Patient: I have been feeling pain for approximately 10 minutes.
SENDER
ENCODING DECODING
MESSAGE
RECEIVER
FEEDBACK
Channel:
CONTEXT:

11. 11
Activity 3: Writing an Essay
Directions: In a world where change is constant, we are all after peace.
Effective communication can help people resolve conflicts without violence, and can
work together to improve the quality of lives. For that, write an essay discussing the
importance of communication to instill peace among individuals after learning its
definition, nature, process and functions. Your essay must have at least 3 paragraphs.
Consider the Rubrics below.
RUBRICS FOR WRITING AN ESSAY
Criteria 4-Expert 3-Advanced 2-Intermediate 1-Beginner
Ideas The ideas
presented in the
essay are
completely
thought out and
well elaborated.
The ideas
presented in the
essay are thought
out but not
completely
elaborated.
The ideas
presented in the
essay are
considered but
not elaborated.
The ideas
presented in the
essay are not
fully considered
and not
elaborated.
The development
of the idea is
thorough and
logical.
The development
of the idea is not
entirely complete
but generally
logical.
The development
of the idea is not
entirely complete
and not entirely
logical.
The development
of the idea is
incomplete and
not logical.
Organization The essay clearly
states a position
about the topic.
The essay implies
a position about
the topic.
The essay
suggests a
position about the
topic, but is too
vague.
The essay shows
no position about
the topic.
The transition
provides
seamless
progression from
point to point.
The transition
provides
progression from
point to point.
The transition
from point to
point is
inconsistently
used.
The transition
from point to point
is rarely used.
Voice The writer’s voice
is clear,
consistent, and
effective
throughout the
essay.
The writer’s voice
is somewhat
consistent
throughout the
essay.
The writer’s voice
is generally
inconsistent.
The writer’s voice
is not consistent.
Word Choice
and Sentence
Fluency
The essay
displays great
precision and
accuracy in word
choices.
The choices of
words reflect
thought but are
not always
precise or
accurate.
The choices of
words reflect
thought but are
often inaccurate.
The choices of
words are
generally
inaccurate.
Sentences and
paragraphs flow
There is an effort
made to show
smooth flow of
Sentences and
paragraphs may
not flow together.
Sentences and
paragraphs do
not flow together.

12. 12
smoothly
together.
the sentences
and paragraphs,
but is not always
effective.
Grammar,
Mechanics, and
Spelling
The essay
contains no
errors in English
usage or
grammar.
The essay
contains some
errors in usage or
grammar, but not
enough to impede
understanding.
The essay
contains errors in
usage or
grammar that
may impede
understanding at
times.
The essay
contains
numerous errors
in usage or
grammar, thus
impeding
understanding.
Source: Oral Communication Textbook for Senior High School
DeVito.2005.https://humancommkj.weebly.com/context.html#:~:text=Context%20refe
rs%20to%20the%20setting,temporal%20(DeVito%2C%202005).
LEARNTECH IT: The Communication Process, https://learntechit.com/the-process-
of-communication/
Oral Communication in Context, Functions of Communication,
https://www.google.com/amp/s/oralcom.wordpress.com/2016/10/14/functions-of-
communication/amp/
Sipacio, Philippe John Fresnillo & Anne Richie Garcia Balgos. 2016. “Rubrics for
writing an Essay.” Oral Communication in Context Textbook For Senior High
School. Department of Education.
Waguey, Loreto B. 2017. “Nature and Process of Communication.” DMMMSU-SLUC
College of Arts and Sciences, Languages Department
"What is the Communication Process? - Definition & Steps." Study.com. February
16, 2014. https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-the-communication-
process-definition-steps.html.
https://alliancecpha.org/en/system/tdf/library/attachments/covid-
19_comic_p2_english.png?file=1&type=node&id=37908
https://twitter.com/cstabscbnmnl/status/668286746904260608

13. 13
Key
Answers
Motivation
1.a
Doctor
2.children
3.The
Doctor
gave
some
pieces
of
advice:
Be
careful,
be
good,
be
kind
and
WASH
YOUR
HAND.
4.
Yes,
there
was
an
exchange
of
thought
through
the
receivers’
reactions.
5.
I
will
respond
to
the
sender
by
applying
his/her
pieces
of
advice.
6.
For
me,
communication
is
about
expressing
your
thoughts
and
ideas
with
others.
Exercises
I.Identification
1.to
share
2.receiver
3.channel
4.barriers
of
communication
5.
message
II.Modified
True
or
False
1.True
2.True
3.False
–
is
a
process
4.False
–
decoding
5.
True
III.Hugot
Mode
1.Basha
and
Popoy
2.In
a
dark
street
which
makes
the
scene
more
emotional
3.In
a
form
of
a
dialogue
4.
“and
you
chose
to
break
my
heart”
5.
Yes,
because
they
clearly
exchanged
their
thoughts
and
feelings
to
the
point
that
the
audience
are
surely
able
to
comprehend.
Application
Sample
Answer:
There
was
a
time
when
my
friend
and
I
were
planning
for
the
next
short
road
trip.
From
our
conversation,
the
process
of
communication
was
performed,
only
that
we
just
kept
on
talking,
like
we
acted
both
as
the
senders.
Assessment
Activity
1
1.D,
2.A.,
3.D,
4.E,
5.C.,
6.C.,
7.B,
8.C.
Activity
2
1.
Doctor
–
sender
2.
Patient
–
receiver
3.
What
is
bothering
you?
–
message
4.
I
have
chest
pain.
–
feedback
Activity
3
CHANNEL:
Consultation

14. 14
Activity
4:
Essay
Oral
Communication
is
the
process
of
expressing
thoughts
and
feelings
to
other
people.
This
focuses
on
the
way
we
accomplish
things
through
speaking.
The
nature
and
process
of
communication
go
hand
in
hand
to
achieve
an
effective
communication.
Awareness
and
understanding
are
the
key
to
take
these
into
practice.
Therefore,
good
communication
is
achieved
when
these
acquired
lessons
are
applied.