This document discusses developing oral communication and presentation skills. It emphasizes several key points: effective use of visual aids, maintaining eye contact, clarity of pronunciation and fluency, proper speech speed, and confidence. It also covers developing pronunciation skills like stress, intonation, rhythm. Tables provide information on vowel and consonant sounds in English, including examples of each sound in different contexts. Developing strong pronunciation is important for oral communication and public speaking.

1. COMMUNICATION & PRESENTATION SKILLS ORAL SKILLS & SPOKEN ENGLISH

2. MAIN POINTS TO REMEMBER ABOUT ORAL PRESENTATION (i) effective use of visual aids (ii) adequate eye contact : size of the audience (iii) clarity in pronunciation and fluency (iv) maintaining a proper speed of presentation (v) posture and body movements suggesting confidence (vi) seeking and making proper use of visual feedback (vii) noting down important points arising out of discussion

3. DEVELOPING ORAL SKILLS 1. Speech & Writing/Printing: a comparison Speech : pitch, volume, tone, speed, pauses, body movements, facial expressions Writing/Printing: punctuation, capitalization, spacing, margins, fonts

4. DEVELOPING ORAL SKILLS (continued) 2. Pronunciation of Words: (a) vowel and consonant sounds (comparison of sounds with letters a-z); The letter “a” in : fa t /æ/, f a ther /a:/, f a te /eɪ/ , a bout /ə/ Or the letters “th” in “th i n” / ɵ / & “th e n” / ð /. Also notice (b) word-stress: ‘language, communication

5. DEVELOPING ORAL SKILLS (continued) 3. Use of the phonetic script and the (Pronouncing) Dictionary: International Phonetic Alphabet: free downloading is possible Dictionaries on CD : listening to the pronunciation and it variety (e.g. British & American) now possible

6. DEVELOPING ORAL SKILLS (continued) 4. Pronunciation of Sentences: intonation and rhythm INTONATION: rising / (yes /) falling \ (yes \) combination \/ (yes \/) RHYTHM: de dum de dum x ’ x ’

7. Word-stress Two-syllable words Stress on first syllable ‘ bargain ‘ govern ‘ secret ‘ mischief ‘ message ‘ cabbage ‘ surface ‘ furnace ‘ husband ‘ butcher ‘ proverb ‘ thorough ‘ oven ‘ onion ‘ compass

8. Word-stress (continued) Two-syllable words Stress on second syllable ad’mit for’bid suc’ced sup’press po’lice pay’ee dis’miss ag’ree se’lect re’quest pre’fer re’fer oc’cur ar’rest com’mence per’haps

9. Word-stress (continued) Three-syllable words Stress on first syllable ’ advertise ’ educate ’ illustrate ’ furniture ’ government ’ literature ’ recognize ’ signature ’ tentative Stress on second syllable ad’venture com’mercial de’cision ex’ternal in’ternal per’mission re’vision spec’tator um’brella

10. Word-stress (continued) Three-syllable words Primary Stress on third syllable ,addres’see ,ciga’rette ,coin’cide ,devo’tee ,engi’neer ,guaran’tee ,recim’mend

11. Word-stress (continued) Four-syllable words Primary Stress on first syllable ’ applicable ’ accurately ’ comfortable ’ honourable Primary Stress on second syllable ad’vertisement ap’preciate a’rithmetic e’xaggerate par’ticipate pho’tography

12. Word-stress (continued) Four-syllable words Primary Stress on third syllable acci’dental appli’cation exhi’bition inde’pendent indi’vidual Primary Stress on fourth syllable dedica’tee exami’nee

13. Word-stress (continued) words with more than four syllables Primary Stress on first syllable ‘ favouritism ‘ cannibalism ‘ secularism Primary Stress on second syllable ad’venturousness en’thusiasm con’servatism Primary Stress on third syllable elec’tricity irre’sponsible popu’larity Primary Stress on fourth syllable acade’mician civili’zation pactici’pation

14. Word-stress (continued): stress change according to part of speech COMPARE: Noun/Adjective Verb ’ absent ab’sent ’ accent ac’cent ’ concert con’cert ’ conflict con’flict ’ export ex’port ’ produce pro’duce ’ subject sub’ject

15. Attributes of good oral communication 1.Sounds and sound combinations 2. Stress 3. Rhythm 4. Intonation 5. Speed: pausing 6. Clarity of articulation 7. Voice modulation: volume & pitch variation (avoiding “monotonous speech)

16. Vowel sounds of English (Pure Vowels/Monophthongs) initially medially finally 1. /i:/ ea st sh ee t k e y 2. /I/ i t h i t dut y 3. /e / e nd s e nd 4. /æ/ a nd sa nd 5. /a:/ a rt he a rt c ar 6. / ɒ / o x f o x

17. Vowel sounds of English (continued) initially medially finally 7. /ɔ:/ a ll b a ll s aw 8. /U/ p u t 9. /u:/ oo ze ch oo se ch ew 10./  / u p c u p 11./з:/ ea rn learn st ir 12. /ə/ a go p o lice mak er

18. Vowel sounds of English (continued) Diphthongs 13. / e ɪ/ ei ght str ai ght st ay 14. /əʊ/ oa k j o ke sl ow 15. / a ɪ/ i ce m i ce m y 16./ a ʊ/ ou t sh ou t h ow 17. /ɔɪ/ oi l b oi l b oy 18. /ɪə/ ear s b ear d p eer 19. / e ə/ air s p air ed h ar e 20. / u ə/ c ur ed t our

19. Consonant sounds of English initially medially finally 1. /p/ p in s p in kee p 2. /b/ b in tu b s clu b 3. /t/ t ell s t ick ligh t 4. /d/ d ay hea d s lai d 5. /k/ k eep s k ill sti ck 6. /g/ get ju gs ba g

20. Consonant sounds of English (continued) initially medially finally 17. /s/ s ip li s t le ss 18. /z/ z ip lo s er bu zz 19. /ʃ/ sh ip ru sh ed hu sh 20. /ʒ/ mea s ure rou g e

21. Consonant sounds of English (continued) initially medially finally 21. /h/ h ot be h ave 22. /r/ r ot t r y 23. /w/ w att s w eat 24. /j/ y atch t u ne

22. Consonant sounds of English (continued) initially medially finally 13 /f/ f an so f t i f 14. /v/ v an lea v es thie f 15. / ɵ / th in mon th s ba th 16./ ð / th en clo th es ba th e