The document discusses Oracle database backup and recovery concepts. It covers write-ahead logging, how data modifications are written to the redo log and then to datafiles, and how backup and recovery works by applying redo logs to restore datafiles to a previous consistent state. It also explains different log record types, archive log mode, and how media recovery uses redo logs and backups to recover from data failures.

1. ORACLE資料庫管理 II
申建忠 Frank
Oracle OCM 9i/10g/11g

2. 大綱
‧Backup/Recovery相關知識
‧Backup簡介
‧Recovery簡介
‧Media Recovery
‧Flashback Technology
‧Q&A

3. Backup/Recovery相關知識
‧Write Ahead Log
‧Log Type
‧DML與Datafile/Logfile的關係
‧Backup/Restore/Recovery與Datafile/
Logfile的關係
‧設定Archivelog Mode

4. Library Cache
Shared
Pool
Instance
Buffer Cache Log
Buffer
Large
Pool
Java
Pool
Streams
pool
Data Dictionary Cache
SMON PMON DBWR CKPT LGWR RECO ARCH
Log Seq:12 Log Seq:12 Log Seq:12 Log Seq:12 Log Seq:12 Log Seq:11 Log Seq:11
Data File Data File Data File Online
Control
file
Logfile
Online
Logfile
Header Header Header
Group 1 Group 2
Server
Process
User
Process
Archived
Logfile
System Global Area(SGA)
Database
Program
Global
Area
Block Block
Block
S
Q
L
Redo Entry
Parse
!
SQL Text
Execution Plan
Execute
Fetch
Redo Entry Redo Entry Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Listener
!
Data Dictionary
Information
$ sqlplus hr/hr@orcl

5. Write Ahead Logging
‧Instance Level
‧Redo Record
‧PGA -> Log Buffer
‧Data Modification
‧Server Process -> Buffer Cache
‧Database Level
‧Log Buffer -> LGWR -> Logfile
‧Buffer Cache -> DBWR -> Datafile

6. Execute(SELECT)
Log
Buffer
Datafile Control
file
Logfile
group
1
Logfile
group
2
DBW
R
LGW
R
Server
Process
PMO
N
SMO
N
CKPT RECO
1 A A1
10 J J1
0
17 Q Q
17
2 B B2
18 R R1
8
19 S S1
9
3 C C3
7 G G7
11 K K1
1
4 D D4
12 L L1
2
21 U U
21
6 F F6
13 M M1
3
22 V V2
2
8 H H8
15 O O
15
24 X X
24
5 E E5
14 N N
14
23 W W
23
9 I I9
16 P P1
6
20 T T2
0
A B C
1 A A1
2 B B2
3 C C3
4 D D4
5 E F5
6 F E6
7 G G7
8 H H8
9 I I9
10 J J10
11 K K11
12 L L12
13 M M13
14 N N14
15 O O15
16 P P16
17 Q Q17
18 R R18
19 S S19
20 T T20
21 U U21
22 V V22
23 W W23
24 X X24
User
Process
SELECT c FROM t1 WHERE a=19; 1.Parse
2.Execute
S19
3.Fetch
Shared
Pool
Buffer Cache
Execution Plan
2 B B2
18 R R1
8
19 S S9
1
PGA
Full Table Scan
or
Index Scan

7. Execute(DML)
Shared
Pool
Buffer Cache
Log
Buffer
Datafile Control
file
Logfile
group
1
Logfile
group
2
DBW
R
LGW
R
Server
Process
PMO
N
SMO
N
CKPT RECO
1 A A1
10 J J1
0
17 Q Q
17
2 B B2
18 R R1
8
19 S S1
9
3 C C3
7 G G7
11 K K1
1
4 D D4
12 L L1
2
21 U U
21
6 F F6
13 M M
13
22 V V2
2
8 H H8
15 O O
15
24 X X
24
5 E E5
14 N N
14
23 W W
23
9 I I9
16 P P1
6
20 T T2
0
A B C
1 A A1
2 B B2
3 C C3
4 D D4
5 E F5
6 F E6
7 G G7
8 H H8
9 I I9
10 J J10
11 K K11
12 L L12
13 M M13
14 N N14
15 O O15
16 P P16
17 Q Q17
18 R R18
19 S S91
20 T T20
21 U U21
22 V V22
23 W W23
24 X X24
User
Process
UPDATE t1
SET c=‘S91’
WHERE a=19; 1.Parse
Execution Plan
2.Execute
2 B B2
18 R R1
8
19 S S9
1
S1
undo block
undo
undo S19
data S91
und
o
S19
dat
a
S91
1 row updated
redo

8. EXECUTE(COMMIT)
Shared
Pool
Buffer Cache
Log
Buffer
Datafile
DBW
R
LGW
R
Server
Process
PMO
N
SMO
N
CKPT RECO
1 A A1
10 J J1
0
17 Q Q
17
2 B B2
18 R R1
8
19 S S1
9
3 C C3
7 G G7
11 K K1
1
4 D D4
12 L L1
2
21 U U
21
6 F F6
13 M M
13
22 V V2
2
8 H H8
15 O O
15
24 X X
24
5 E E5
14 N N
14
23 W W
23
9 I I9
16 P P1
6
20 T T2
0
A B C
1 A A1
2 B B2
3 C C3
4 D D4
5 E F5
6 F E6
7 G G7
8 H H8
9 I I9
10 J J10
11 K K11
12 L L12
13 M M13
14 N N14
15 O O15
16 P P16
17 Q Q17
18 R R18
19 S S91
20 T T20
21 U U21
22 V V22
23 W W23
24 X X24
User
Process
COMMIT; 1.Parse
Execution Plan
2.Execute
2 B B2
18 R R1
8
19 S S9
1
S1
undo block
undo S1
9
data S9
1
commit
commit
Logfile
group
1
Control
file
Logfile
group
2
undo S1
9
data S9
1
commit
COMMITTED
Release Lock

9. Log Type
‧Physical Log
‧Changed Data Block
‧Logical Log
‧DML Statement
‧Physiological Log
‧Changed Record

10. SQL> select group#,sequence#,members,status,archived
2> from v$log;
目前資料庫裡有幾個logfile group，
!
以及每個logfile group有幾個members
GROUP# SEQUENCE# MEMBERS STATUS ARC
---------- ---------- ---------- -------- ---
1 148 1 CURRENT NO
2 146 1 INACTIVE YES
3 147 1 INACTIVE YES
!
SQL> select records_total,records_used
2> from v$controlfile_record_section
3> where type='REDO LOG';
!
RECORDS_TOTAL RECORDS_USED
------------- ------------
16 3
!
SQL> select indx,dimlm from x$kccdi;
!
INDX DIMLM
---------- ----------
0 3
資料庫裡最多可以有幾個logfile groups
每個logfile group最多可以有幾個logfile members

11. DML與Datafile/Logfile的關係
DMLs DMLs DMLs DMLs DMLs DMLs
t1:10 t2:10 t3:10 t4:11 t5:11 t6:12
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 Time
LogSeq:10 LogSeq:10 LogSeq:10 LogSeq:11
col2->A1
col2->C1
4|D
26|Z
1|A1
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S1
24|X
col2->A1
col2->C1
col1->221
col2->A1
col2->C1
col1->221
col2->S1
col2->F1
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O1
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R1
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S2
24|X
col2->R1
col2->S2
col2->O1
4|D2
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O1
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R1
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S2
24|X
LogSeq:11
col2->R1
col2->S2
col2->O1
col2->D1
col2->D2
4|D2
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O1
221|V
16|P
9|I1
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R1
6|F2
20|T
21|U
19|S2
24|X1
LogSeq:12
col2->I1
col2->F2
group 1 group 1 group 1 group 2 group 2 group 1

12. Backup與Datafile的關係
t1:10 t2:10 t3:10 t4:11 t5:11 t6:12
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 Time
LogSeq:10 LogSeq:10 LogSeq:10 LogSeq:11
col2->A1
col2->C1
4|D
26|Z
1|A1
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S1
24|X
col2->A1
col2->C1
col1->221
col2->A1
col2->C1
col1->221
col2->S1
col2->F1
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O1
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R1
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S2
24|X
col2->R1
col2->S2
col2->O1
4|D2
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O1
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R1
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S2
24|X
LogSeq:11
col2->R1
col2->S2
col2->O1
col2->D1
col2->D2
4|D2
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O1
221|V
16|P
9|I1
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R1
6|F2
20|T
21|U
19|S2
24|X1
LogSeq:12
col2->I1
col2->F2
t1:10
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
Backup
group 1 group 1 group 1 group 2 group 2 group 1

13. Media Failure
t1:10 t2:10 t3:10 t4:11 t5:11 t6:12
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 Time
LogSeq:10 LogSeq:10 LogSeq:10 LogSeq:11
col2->A1
col2->C1
4|D
26|Z
1|A1
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S1
24|X
col2->A1
col2->C1
col1->221
col2->A1
col2->C1
col1->221
col2->S1
col2->F1
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O1
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R1
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S2
24|X
col2->R1
col2->S2
col2->O1
4|D2
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O1
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R1
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S2
24|X
LogSeq:11
col2->R1
col2->S2
col2->O1
col2->D1
col2->D2
4|D2
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O1
221|V
16|P
9|I1
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R1
6|F2
20|T
21|U
19|S2
24|X1
LogSeq:12
col2->I1
col2->F2
t1:10
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
Backup
group 1 group 1 group 1 group 2 group 2 group 1

14. Restore與Datafile的關係
t1:10 t2:10 t3:10 t4:11 t5:11
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
Backup 19|S
24|X
24|X
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 Time
LogSeq:10 LogSeq:10 LogSeq:10 LogSeq:11
col2->A1
col2->C1
4|D
26|Z
1|A1
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S1
24|X
col2->A1
col2->C1
col1->221
col2->A1
col2->C1
col1->221
col2->S1
col2->F1
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O1
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R1
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S2
24|X
col2->R1
col2->S2
col2->O1
4|D2
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O1
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R1
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S2
24|X
LogSeq:11
col2->R1
col2->S2
col2->O1
col2->D1
col2->D2
LogSeq:12
col2->I1
col2->F2
t1:10
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
t1:10
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
Restore
group 1 group 1 group 1 group 2 group 2 group 1

15. Recover與Datafile/logfile的關係
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
Recover
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 Time
LogSeq:10 LogSeq:10 LogSeq:10 LogSeq:11
col2->A1
col2->C1
4|D
26|Z
1|A1
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S1
24|X
col2->A1
col2->C1
col1->221
col2->A1
col2->C1
col1->221
col2->S1
col2->F1
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O1
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R1
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S2
24|X
col2->R1
col2->S2
col2->O1
4|D2
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O1
221|V
16|P
9|I
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R1
6|F1
20|T
21|U
19|S2
24|X
LogSeq:11
col2->R1
col2->S2
col2->O1
col2->D1
col2->D2
LogSeq:12
col2->I1
col2->F2
Restore
t1:10
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
t6:12
Backup
t1:10 t2:10 t3:10 t4:11 t5:11
4|D2
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O1
221|V
16|P
9|I1
3|C1
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R1
6|F2
20|T
21|U
19|S2
24|X1
group 1 group 1 group 1 group 2 group 2 group 1

16. Log Switch
Log Switch是LGWR的一種動作。當LGWR停止將Redo Entry寫到Current Logfile
Group後，開始尋找新的Current Logfile Group。當LGWR找到新的Current Logfile
Group後，將指派一個log sequence number給新的Current Logfile Group，新log
sequence number將為舊log sequence number加1，接著LGWR開始將Redo Entry寫到
新的Current Logfile Group。而之前所使用的Logfile Group，其狀態變成Active。
此時LGWR要求CKPT對之前所使用的Logfile Group進行Checkpoint操作，當Checkpoint
操作完成後，該Logfile Group的狀態將變成INACTIVE。
如果資料庫是ArchiveLog mode時，LGWR還會要求ARCH將之前所使用的Logfile Group
內容進行Archive操作。
不過為何LGWR會停止對目前正在使用的群組寫入？原因有兩種：
1.目前所使用的logfile已滿。
2.執行”ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE”，要求發生。
3.藉由archive_lag_target所設定的秒數達到。

17. Log Switch Frequency
SQL> show parameter archive_lag_target
!
NAME TYPE
VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ---------
archive_lag_target integer 0
表示關閉此功能
有效範圍:60-7200秒
一般建議:1800秒

18. NoArchiveLog Mode
Redo Entry Redo Entry
Redo Entry Redo Entry
Log Buffer
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry Redo Entry
LGWR
Log Seq:11 Log Seq:10
Redo Entry Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Online
Logfile
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Online
Logfile
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Group 1 Group 2
Redo Entry Redo Entry
Redo Entry Redo Entry
Log Buffer
Redo Entry
LGWR
Log Seq:11
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Online
Logfile
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Log Seq:12
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Online
Logfile
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry Redo Entry
Group 1 Group 2
Redo Entry Redo Entry
Redo Entry Redo Entry
Log Buffer
Redo Entry
LGWR
Log Seq:13
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Online
Logfile
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Log Seq:12
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Online
Logfile
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry Redo Entry
Group 1 Group 2
Time
log switch log switch

19. ArchiveLog Mode
Redo Entry Redo Entry
Redo Entry Redo Entry
Redo Entry
LGWR ARCH
Log Seq:13 Log Seq:12 Log Seq:12
Redo Entry Redo Entry Redo Entry
Online
Logfile
Online
Logfile
Group 1 Group 2
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Archived
Logfile
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Log Seq:11
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Archived
Logfile
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Log Seq:10
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Archived
Logfile
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Log Seq:9
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Archived
Logfile
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Redo Entry
Log Buffer
Redo Entry
Redo Entry Redo Entry
Log Seq:8
Archived
Logfile
read write

20. Enable ArchiveLog Mode
名字
本機位置 X 10

21. Enable ArchiveLog Mode
SQL> shutdown immediate
!
SQL> startup mount
log_archve_dest_n (n=1..31)
!
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1=‘location=/u02/oradata/orcl/archive1’;
!
location=本地路徑(n=1..10)
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_2=‘location=/u03/oradata/orcl/archive2’;
!
SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_10=‘location=use_db_recovery_file_dest’;
!
service=net_service_name
SQL> alter database archivelog;
!
SQL> select log_mode from v$database;
!
LOG_MODE
----------
ARCHIVELOG
!
SQL> alter database open;

22. Backup
‧Backup Type
‧Physical/Logical
‧Backupset/Image copy
‧Full backup / Incremental Backup
‧Physical Backup - RMAN
‧Logical Backup - DataPump

23. Physical/Logical Backup
‧Physical Backup
‧備份datafile的data block。
‧Logical Backup
‧將datafile的資料轉換為物件定義與
物件資料。

24. Difference Between Physical
and Logical Backup
Backup Type
Online
Backup
Handle
Media
Failure
Complete
Recovery
Physical
Yes
(Archivelog Mode) Yes
Yes
(Archivelog Mode)
Logical Yes No No

25. NoArchive/ArchiveLog Mode
Log
Mode
Backup
Mode
Backup
Strategy
Recovery
Result
Media
Failure
NoArchive Consistent Whole InComplete Instance
Crash
Archive Consistent/
Inconsistent
Whole/
Partial
Complete/
InComplete
Instance
Still Open/
Crash

26. Consistent/Inconsistent Backup
‧Consistent Backup/Cold Backup/Offline
Backup
‧備份前必須先將資料庫關閉，然後重新啓動
到Mount(掛載)階段，最後才能進行備份。
‧被備份的Datafiles與Controlfile，它們有一
致的Checkpoint資訊。
‧Inconsistent Backup/Hot Backup/Online
Backup
‧在資料庫維持Open(開啟)狀態下，便能夠進
行備份，同時使用者的操作不會受到影響。
‧被備份的Datafiles與Controlfile，它們的
checkpoint資訊並不一致。

27. Complete/InComplete Recovery
‧Complete Recovery
‧修復完畢後，所有已經確認的交易都會成功
地救回。
‧InComplete Recovery
‧修復完畢後，部分已經確認的交易將無法成
功地救回。

28. Backup Type
‧Physical Backup
‧RMAN Command
‧GUI -> Enterprise Manager
‧Command Line
‧OS Command + SQL Command
‧Logical Backup
‧Export / Import (10g之前)
‧DataPump (10g/11g)

29. Recovery Setting
db_recovery_file_dest
db_recovery_file_dest_size
v$flash_recovery_area_usage

30. Show Parameter
SQL> show parameter db_recovery_file_dest
!
NAME TYPE VALUE
-------------------------- ----------- --------------------------
db_recovery_file_dest string /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area
!
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 4122M

31. Backup Setting - 1
Backupset
Compressed Backupset
Image Copy

32. Backup Setting - 2

33. Physical Backup
File Header
File Header
T1
obj$ ABC DEF GHIJ
ABC DEF GHIJ
LMN OP RSTU
V W X Y
Z
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
T1
T2
T3
T4
DEMOTS
File Header
tab$
seg$
col$
SYSTEM
LMN OP RSTU
V W X Y
Z
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
T2
T3
T4
backup

34. RMAN Backup Type -
Single datafile
file#10:t1:10
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
file#10:t1:10
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
file#10:t1:10
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
RMAN
BackupSet
(Recovery Manager)
Image Copy
used blocks
all blocks

35. RMAN Backup Type -
Multiple datafiles
t1:10 4|D
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
26|Z
AB 1|A
10|J
CD 8|H
12|L
EF
5|E
25|Y
GHI 13|M
23|W
JKLM 2|B
14|N
N
15|O
22|V
OPQ 16|P
9|I
RST 3|C
17|Q
UVW
11|K
7|G
XY 18|R
6|F
Z 20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
t1:10
t1:10
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
RMAN
BackupSet
(Recovery Manager)
Image Copy
t1:10
AB CD EF
GHI JKLM N
OPQ RST UVW
XY Z
t1:10
AB CD EF
GHI JKLM N
OPQ RST UVW
XY Z

36. RMAN Command
‧RMAN> backup as backupset database;
!
‧RMAN> backup as copy database;

37. Incremental Backup
‧BackupSet
‧Full
‧Incremental
‧Level 0/image copy
‧Level 1
‧Level 1 cumulative

38. Time
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
Full
Level 0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
G1 A1
A1
B
C1
D
E1
F
G2
H
I
J
K
C1
E1
G2
A1
B1 A1
B1
C2
D
E1
F1
G2
H
I
J1
K
F1
C2
J1
B1
C2
D
E2
F2
G2
H
I2
J3
K
E2
F2
J2
I1
I2
J3
A2 A2
A2
B2
C3
D
E2
F2
G2
H
I2
J3
K
C3
B2
B2
C3
D1
E2
F2
G4
H1
I3
J3
K
D1
G3
I3
G4
H1
A2
B2
C3
D1
E2
F2
G4
H1
I3
J3
K
A1
B
C1
D
E1
F
G2
H
I
J
K
A1
B1
C2
D
E1
F1
G2
H
I
J1
K
A1
B1
C2
D
E2
F2
G2
H
I2
J3
K
A2
B2
C3
D
E2
F2
G2
H
I2
J3
K
Full
Level 0
Full
Level 0
Full
Level 0
Full
Level 0
Full
Level 0

39. Incremental Differential
Time
Level 0
Image Copy Level 1 Level 1 Level 1 Level 1 Level 0

40. Time
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
G1 A1
B1 E2
A1
A2 D1
A2
Level 0
Image Copy Level 1 Level 1 Level 1 Level 1 Level 0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
A1
B
C1
D
E1
F
G2
H
I
J
K
A1
C1
E1
G2
C1
E1
G2
A1
B1
C2
D
E1
F1
G2
H
I
J1
K
F1
C2
J1
B1
C2
D
E2
F2
G2
H
I2
J3
K
F2
J2
I1
I2
J3
A2
B2
C3
D
E2
F2
G2
H
I2
J3
K
C3
B2
B2
C3
D1
E2
F2
G4
H1
I3
J3
K
G3
I3
G4
H1
B1
C2
F1
J1
E2
F2
I2
J3
A2
B2
C3
A2
B2
C3
D1
E2
F2
G4
H1
I3
J3
K

41. Incremental Cumulative
Time
Level 0
Image Copy Level 1C Level 1C Level 1C Level 1C Level 0

42. Time
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
G1 A1
B1 E2
A1
A2 D1
A2
Level 0
Image Copy Level 1C Level 1C Level 1C Level 1C Level 0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
A1
B
C1
D
E1
F
G2
H
I
J
K
A1
C1
E1
G2
C1
E1
G2
A1
B1
C2
D
E1
F1
G2
H
I
J1
K
F1
C2
J1
B1
C2
D
E2
F2
G2
H
I2
J3
K
F2
J2
I1
I2
J3
A2
B2
C3
D
E2
F2
G2
H
I2
J3
K
C3
B2
B2
C3
D1
E2
F2
G4
H1
I3
J3
K
G3
I3
G4
H1
A2
B2
C3
D1
E2
F2
G4
H1
I3
J3
K
A1
B1
C2
E1
F1
G2
J1
A1
B1
C2
E2
F2
G2
I2
J3
A2
B2
C3
E2
F2
G2
I2
J3

43. Differential + Cumulative
Time
Level 0
Image Copy Level 1 Level 1 Level 1C Level 1 Level 0

44. Time
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
G1 A1
B1 E2
A1
A2 D1
A2
Level 0
Image Copy Level 1 Level 1 Level 1C Level 1 Level 0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
A1
B
C1
D
E1
F
G2
H
I
J
K
A1
C1
E1
G2
C1
E1
G2
A1
B1
C2
D
E1
F1
G2
H
I
J1
K
F1
C2
J1
B1
C2
D
E2
F2
G2
H
I2
J3
K
F2
J2
I1
I2
J3
A2
B2
C3
D
E2
F2
G2
H
I2
J3
K
C3
B2
B2
C3
D1
E2
F2
G4
H1
I3
J3
K
G3
I3
G4
H1
B1
C2
F1
J1
A2
B2
C3
A2
B2
C3
D1
E2
F2
G4
H1
I3
J3
K
A1
B1
C2
E2
F2
G2
I2
J3

45. Time
G1 A1
C1
E1
G2
A1
B1 E2
A1
A2 D1
A2
Image Copy Level 1 Level 1 Level 1 Level 1 media
failure
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
A1
B
C1
D
E1
F
G2
H
I
J
K
A1
C1
E1
G2
B1
C2
D
E1
F1
G2
H
I
J1
K
F1
C2
J1
B1
C2
D
E2
F2
G2
H
I2
J3
K
F2
J2
I1
I2
J3
A2
B2
C3
D
E2
F2
G2
H
I2
J3
K
C3
B2
B2
C3
D1
E2
F2
G4
H1
I3
J3
K
G3
I3
G4
H1
B1
C2
F1
J1
E2
F2
I2
J3
A2
B2
C3
A1
B
C1
D
E1
F
G2
H
I
J
K
A1
B1
C2
D
E1
F1
G2
H
I
J1
K
A1
B1
C2
D
E2
F2
G2
H
I2
J3
K
A2
B2
C3
D
E2
F2
G2
H
I2
J3
K

46. Schedule Backup - NoArchivelog

47. Schedule Backup - Archivelog

48. full
Schedule Backup
incremental level 0
incremental level 1 cumulative
incremental updating backup
online backup
offline backup

50. RMAN Command
‧RMAN> backup database;
‧RMAN> backup as backupset database;
‧RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database;
‧RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database;
‧RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative
database;
‧RMAN> backup as copy database;

51. Logical Backup
File Header
ABC DEF GHIJ
LMN OP RSTU
V W X Y
Z
4|D
26|Z
1|A
10|J
8|H
12|L
5|E
25|Y
13|M
23|W
2|B
14|N
15|O
22|V
16|P
9|I
3|C
17|Q
11|K
7|G
18|R
6|F
20|T
21|U
19|S
24|X
T1
T2
T3
T4
DEMOTS
File Header
tab$
seg$
col$
obj$
SYSTEM
T1
Definitions
T1
Data
Export

52. DataPump
‧Interface
‧GUI -> Enterprise Manager
‧Command Line
‧Mode
‧Interactive/Command line/parfile
‧Type
‧full/tablespace/schema/table
‧not including sys schema and system/
sysaux tablespace definitions

53. DataPump - EM

54. full=y
schemas= hr,sh
tables=hr.emp,sh.sales
tablespaces=users,example
parallel=1
logfile=orcl_logical_backup:frank_demo_full_export.LOG

55. content=all
content=data_only
content=metadata_only
include
exclude
flashback_scn
flashback_time
query

56. directory dumpfile
filesize

58. [oracle@oraDB ~]$ expdp system/oracle directory=orcl_logical_backup
dumpfile=frank_demo_full_export_%U.dmp full=y
!
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01": system/********
directory=orcl_logical_backup dumpfile=frank_demo_full_export_%U.dmp full=y
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 478.0 MB
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/TABLESPACE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/PROFILE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SYS_USER/USER
object definition
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/USER
.....中間省略
. . exported "HR"."COUNTRIES" 6.367 KB 25 rows
. . exported "HR"."DEPARTMENTS" 7.007 KB 27 rows
. . exported "HR"."DEPT" 7.007 KB 27 rows
. . exported "HR"."EMP" 16.80 KB 107 rows
. . exported "HR"."EMPLOYEES" object data
16.81 KB 107 rows
. . exported "HR"."JOBS" 6.992 KB 19 rows
. . exported "HR"."JOB_HISTORY" 7.054 KB 10 rows
. . exported "HR"."LOCATIONS" 8.273 KB 23 rows
. . exported "HR"."REGIONS" 5.484 KB 4 rows
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01 is:
/home/oracle/orcl_logical_backup/frank_demo_full_export_01.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 16:20:46

59. Recovery
‧Failure Type
‧Media Recovery
‧Complete
‧InComplete
‧Logical Recovery

60. Failure Type
‧SQL Statement Failed
‧執行後的結果與預期不符
‧Instance Failure
‧Instance不正常結束
‧User Process Failure
‧User process不正常結束
‧User Made Errors
‧User執行DDL或DML+Commit後，反悔之前所執行的DDL或
DML+Commit操作
‧Media Failure
‧Hardware failure - disk controller/disk
‧User delete file accidentally

61. User Made Errors
‧Flashback Technology
‧DDL
‧Flashback Drop
‧Flashback Database
‧DMLs+Commit
‧Flashback Table
‧Flashback Transaction
‧Flashback Database

62. Demo Environment Setup
SQL> create tablespace demots
2> datafile '/u02/oradata/orcl/demots01.dbf' size 100M;
!
Tablespace created.
!
SQL> create table hr.emphist
2> tablespace demots
3> as select * from hr.employees;
!
Table created.
!
SQL> select count(*) from hr.emphist;
!
COUNT(*)
----------
107

63. RMAN - Physical Backup
RMAN> backup database;
!
Starting backup at 01-FEB-13
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=33 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u02/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u02/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u02/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u02/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00004 name=/u02/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00006 name=/u02/oradata/orcl/demots01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 01-FEB-13
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 01-FEB-13
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2013_02_01/
o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130201T125247_8jpljzn2_.bkp tag=TAG20130201T125247
comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:15

64. Logical Backup - Datapump
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ expdp system/oracle directory=orcl_logical_backup dumpfile=orcl_full.dmp
full=y
!
Export: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Feb 1 13:22:48 2013
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01": system/******** directory=orcl_logical_backup
dumpfile=orcl_full.dmp full=y
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 478.2 MB
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/TABLESPACE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/PROFILE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SYS_USER/USER
. . exported "HR"."COUNTRIES" 6.367 KB 25 rows
. . exported "HR"."DEPARTMENTS" 7.007 KB 27 rows
. . exported "HR"."DEPT" 7.007 KB 27 rows
. . exported "HR"."EMP" 16.80 KB 107 rows
. . exported "HR"."EMPHIST" 16.81 KB 107 rows
. . exported "HR"."EMPLOYEES" 16.81 KB 107 rows
!
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01 is:
/home/oracle/orcl_logical_backup/orcl_full.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at 13:29:55

65. SQL> @/home/oracle/moreemphist.sql
!
COUNT(*)
----------
107
!!
GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------
1 139 INACTIVE
2 140 INACTIVE
3 141 CURRENT
!!
CURRENT_SCN TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
----------- -------------------
4132838 2013-02-01:14:21:21
!
--資料異動--
--資料異動--
!
COUNT(*)
----------
120
!
GROUP# SEQUENCE# STATUS
---------- ---------- ----------------
1 148 CURRENT
2 146 INACTIVE
3 147 INACTIVE
!
CURRENT_SCN TO_CHAR(SYSDATE,'YY
----------- -------------------
4132931 2013-02-01:14:22:44
模擬資料庫發生異動

66. 發生Media Failure
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ rm /u02/oradata/orcl/demots01.dbf
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ ll /u02/oradata/orcl/demots01.dbf
ls: /u02/oradata/orcl/demots01.dbf: 沒有此⼀一檔案或⺫⽬目錄
!
!
(不屬於system/active undo tablespace)
SQL> select count(*) from hr.emphist;
select count(*) from hr.emphist
*
non-critical datafile
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01116: error in opening database file 6
ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u02/oradata/orcl/demots01.dbf'
ORA-27041: unable to open file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 3

67. Complete Recovery - 事前檢查
SQL> select status from v$instance;
!
STATUS
------------
OPEN
檢查資料庫是否
維持開啓狀態？
!
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ ps -ef | grep smon
oracle 13446 5759 0 15:52 pts/2 00:00:00 grep smon
oracle 22017 1 0 Jan31 ? 00:00:16 ora_smon_orcl
!
!
SQL> select name
2 from v$tablespace
3 where ts#=(select ts# from v$datafile where file#=6);
!
NAME
------------------------------
DEMOTS
發生media failure的datafile
屬於哪個tablespace？

68. controlfile
SYSTEM
USERS
Complete Recovery
controlfile
1.offline 2.restore
SYSTEM
10
19
10 17 19
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 Time
10
10
10
10 9
backup
USERS
19
19
19
18 19
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
current
10
USERS
3.recover
4.online

69. Non-Critical Datafile
‧Offline
‧offline corrupted tablespace or datafile
‧Restore
‧restore datafile from backup file
‧Recover
‧using logfile(archived/online) to
recover restored datafile
‧Online
‧online recovered tablespace of datafile

70. EM - Data Recovery Advisor

75. RMAN Command
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ . oraenv
ORACLE_SID = [orcl] ? orcl
The Oracle base remains unchanged with value /u01/app/oracle
!
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ rman target /
!
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1299552376)
!
RMAN> run {
2> sql ‘alter database datafile 6 offline’;
3> restore datafile 6;
4> recover datafile 6;
5> sql ‘alter database datafile 6 online’};
!
2選1
RMAN> run {
2> sql ‘alter tablespace demots offline temporary’;
3> restore tablespace demots;
4> recover tablespace demots;
5> sql ‘alter tablespace demots online’};

76. Data Recovery Advisor -
list failure
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ rman target /
!
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Feb 1 16:37:22 2013
!
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1299552376)
!
RMAN> list failure detail;
!
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
List of Database Failures
=========================
!
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
102 HIGH OPEN 01-FEB-13 One or more non-system datafiles are missing
Impact: See impact for individual child failures
List of child failures for parent failure ID 102
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
105 HIGH OPEN 01-FEB-13 Datafile 6: '/u02/oradata/orcl/demots01.dbf'
is missing
Impact: Some objects in tablespace DEMOTS might be unavailable

77. Data Recovery Advisor -
advise failure
RMAN> advise failure 105;
!
List of Database Failures
=========================
!
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
105 HIGH OPEN 01-FEB-13 Datafile 6: '/u02/oradata/orcl/demots01.dbf' is missing
Impact: Some objects in tablespace DEMOTS might be unavailable
!
analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=153 device type=DISK
analyzing automatic repair options complete
!
Mandatory Manual Actions
========================
no manual actions available
!
Optional Manual Actions
=======================
1. If file /u02/oradata/orcl/demots01.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it
!
Automated Repair Options
========================
Option Repair Description
------ ------------------
1 Restore and recover datafile 6
Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_1959028630.hm

78. Data Recovery Advisor -
repair failure
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ cat /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_1959028630.hm
# restore and recover datafile
sql 'alter database datafile 6 offline';
restore datafile 6;
recover datafile 6;
sql 'alter database datafile 6 online';
!
RMAN> repair failure;
!
Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
Repair script: /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_1959028630.hm
!
contents of repair script:
# restore and recover datafile
sql 'alter database datafile 6 offline';
restore datafile 6;
recover datafile 6;
sql 'alter database datafile 6 online';
!
Do you really want to execute the above repair (enter YES or NO)? YES
executing repair script

79. offline
sql statement: alter database datafile 6 offline
!
Starting restore at 01-FEB-13
restore
using channel ORA_DISK_1
!
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to /u02/oradata/orcl/demots01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/
backupset/2013_02_01/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130201T125247_8jpljzn2_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/
2013_02_01/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130201T125247_8jpljzn2_.bkp tag=TAG20130201T125247
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07
Finished restore at 01-FEB-13

80. recover
Starting recover at 01-FEB-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
!
starting media recovery
!
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 138 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/
o1_mf_1_138_8jpng5bc_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 139 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/
o1_mf_1_139_8jpnhm2x_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 140 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/
o1_mf_1_140_8jpplvkj_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 141 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/
o1_mf_1_141_8jpqq21z_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 142 is o1_mf_1_142_8jpqq274_.arc
archived already on disk as logfile
file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 143 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/
o1_mf_1_143_8jpqq4wh_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 144 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/
o1_mf_1_144_8jpqq7vb_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 145 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/
o1_mf_1_145_8jpqqbst_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 146 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/
o1_mf_1_146_8jpqqfpc_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 147 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/
o1_mf_1_147_8jpqqjvx_.arc
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/o1_mf_1_138_8jpng5bc_.arc thread=1 sequence=138
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/o1_mf_1_139_8jpnhm2x_.arc thread=1 sequence=139
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/o1_mf_1_140_8jpplvkj_.arc thread=1 sequence=140
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/o1_mf_1_141_8jpqq21z_.arc thread=1 sequence=141
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/o1_mf_1_142_8jpqq274_.arc thread=1 sequence=142
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/o1_mf_1_143_8jpqq4wh_.arc thread=1 sequence=143
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/o1_mf_1_144_8jpqq7vb_.arc thread=1 sequence=144
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_01/o1_mf_1_145_8jpqqbst_.arc thread=1 sequence=145
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
Finished recover at 01-FEB-13
!
sql statement: alter database datafile 6 online
online
repair failure complete

81. 發生Media Failure
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ rm /u02/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ ll /u02/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
ls: /u02/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf: 沒有此⼀一檔案或⺫⽬目錄
!
critical datafile(屬於system/active undo tablespace)
!
SQL> select count(*) from hr.emphist;
select count(*) from hr.emphist
crash
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not Instance available
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
!
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ ps -ef | grep smon
oracle 21884 5759 0 17:25 pts/2 00:00:00 grep smon

82. Critical Datafile
‧Startup INSTANCE
‧startup instance to MOUNT stage
‧Restore
‧restore datafile from backup file
‧Recover
‧using logfile(archived/online) to
recover restored datafile
‧Open Database
‧change database status to OPEN

83. Startup MOUNT
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
!
Connected to an idle instance.
!
SQL> startup mount
ORACLE instance started.
!
Total System Global Area 521936896 bytes
Fixed Size 2229944 bytes
Variable Size 377489736 bytes
Database Buffers 134217728 bytes
Redo Buffers 7999488 bytes
Database mounted.
!
SQL> select * from v$recover_file;
!
FILE# ONLINE ONLINE_ ERROR CHANGE# TIME
---------- ------- ------- -------------------- ---------- ---------
1 ONLINE ONLINE FILE NOT FOUND 0

84. [oracle@oraDB ~]$ rman target /
!
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1299552376, not open)
!
RMAN> run {
2> restore datafile 1;
3> recover datafile 1;
4> alter database open;}
!
Starting restore at 01-FEB-13
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=133 device type=DISK
--中間省略
Starting recover at 01-FEB-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
!
starting media recovery
--中間省略
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished recover at 01-FEB-13
!
database opened

85. Why InComplete Recovery ?
‧DBA的錯
‧Datafile發生media failure
‧同時Complete Recovery所需要的部
分logfile(Archived/Online)不存在
‧User的錯
‧錯誤的DDL
‧錯誤的DMLs+Commit

86. InComplete Recovery
controlfile
SYSTEM
USERS
controlfile
SYSTEM
10
15
10 15
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 Time
10
10
10
10 9
backup
USERS
19
19
19
18 19
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
current
1.offline
2.restore
10
USERS
3.recover
4.online ?

87. InComplete Recovery
controlfile
SYSTEM
USERS
3.restore all datafiles
thread=1 sequence=16
1
controlfile
15
1
SYSTEM
15
1
t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 Time
10
10
10
10 9
backup
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
current
1.shutdown
2.startup mount
4.recover database until
5.alter database open resetlogs
USERS
19
10
10
18 19
1 0

88. InComplete Recovery
‧Shutdown INSTANCE
‧Startup MOUNT
‧Restore All Datafiles
‧Recover Database
‧Until
‧TIME ｀YYYY-MM-DD:HH24:MI:SS’
‧SCN 12345
‧SEQUENCE 123 THREAD 1
‧Open Database Resetlogs

89. RMAN> restore database preview;
!
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
7 Full 1.16G DISK 00:03:43 03-FEB-13
BP Key: 7 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130203T152248
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2013_02_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130203T152248_8jw42920_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 7
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
1 Full 1609313 03-FEB-13 /u02/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
2 Full 1609313 03-FEB-13 /u02/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
3 Full 1609313 03-FEB-13 /u02/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
4 Full 1609313 03-FEB-13 /u02/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
5 Full 1609313 03-FEB-13 /u02/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf !
BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time
------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------
8 Full 1.09M DISK 00:00:00 03-FEB-13
BP Key: 8 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130203T152248
Piece Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/2013_02_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG20130203T152248_8jw49bqp_.bkp
List of Datafiles in backup set 8
File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name
---- -- ---- ---------- --------- ----
6 Full 1609676 03-FEB-13 /u02/oradata/orcl/ts2k01.dbf
using channel ORA_DISK_1 !
no backup of archived log for thread 1 with sequence 4 and starting SCN of 1610679 found to restore
List of Archived Log Copies for database with db_unique_name ORCL
===================================================================== !
Key Thrd Seq S Low Time
------- ---- ------- - ---------
29 1 37 A 03-FEB-13
Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_03/o1_mf_1_37_8jw4oxvl_.arc
27 1 38 A 03-FEB-13
Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_03/o1_mf_1_38_8jw4oxwm_.arc
31 1 40 A 03-FEB-13
缺少logseq:39
Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_03/o1_mf_1_40_8jw4p0k7_.arc
35 1 41 A 03-FEB-13
Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_03/o1_mf_1_41_8jw4p5jw_.arc
37 1 42 A 03-FEB-13
Name: /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_03/o1_mf_1_42_8jw4p8j3_.arc
!
Media recovery start SCN is 1609313
Recovery must be done beyond SCN 1609676 to clear datafile fuzziness
Finished restore at 03-FEB-13

90. [oracle@oraDB ~]$ rman target /
RMAN> shutdown abort
!
Oracle instance shut down
!
RMAN> startup mount
!
connected to target database (not started)
Oracle instance started
database mounted
!
Total System Global Area 521936896 bytes
!
Fixed Size 2229944 bytes
Variable Size 369101128 bytes
Database Buffers 142606336 bytes
Redo Buffers 7999488 bytes
!
RMAN> restore database;
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /u02/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u02/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /u02/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /u02/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to /u02/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf

91. RMAN> recover database until sequence 39 thread 1;
!
log sequence number＃39遺失
Starting recover at 03-FEB-13
using channel ORA_DISK_1
!
starting media recovery
!
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 37 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/
fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_03/o1_mf_1_37_8jw34d5c_.arc
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 38 is already on disk as file /u01/app/oracle/
fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_03/o1_mf_1_38_8jw34d5g_.arc
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_03/
o1_mf_1_37_8jw34d5c_.arc thread=1 sequence=37
archived log file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/ORCL/archivelog/2013_02_03/
o1_mf_1_38_8jw34d5g_.arc thread=1 sequence=38
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 03-FEB-13
!
RMAN> alter database open resetlogs;
!
SQL> select count(*) from hr.emphist;
!
COUNT(*)
----------
113 incomplete recovery之前為120

92. Media Recovery using
logical backup
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ impdp system/oracle directory=orcl_logical_backup
dumpfile=orcl_full.dmp tablespaces=!
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on !
Way
demots
Fri Feb 1 17:12:56 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
!
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g No Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLESPACE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLESPACE_01": system/******** directory=orcl_logical_backup
dumpfile=orcl_full.dmp tablespaces=demots
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39151: Table "HR"."EMPHIST" exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due
to table_exists_action of skip
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLESPACE_01" completed with 1 error(s) at 17:13:21
!
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ oerr ora 39151
39151, 00000, "Table %s exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to
table_exists_action of skip"
// *Document: NO

93. SQL> select count(*) from hr.emphist;
!
COUNT(*)
----------
120
!
SQL> select object_id,data_object_id
2 from dba_objects;
3 where owner=’HR’ and object_name=‘EMPHIST’
4 and object_type=‘TABLE’;
!
OBJECT_ID DATA_OBJECT_ID
---------- --------------
79039 79039
!
SQL> drop table hr.emphist;
!
Table dropped.
!
SQL> select count(*) from hr.emphist;
select count(*) from hr.emphist
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

94. FLASHBACK DROP
SQL> flashback table hr.emphist to before drop;
!
Flashback complete.
!
SQL> select count(*) from hr.emphist;
!
COUNT(*)
----------
120
回復到DROP之前的狀態
!
SQL> select object_id,data_object_id
2 from dba_objects
3 where owner='HR' and object_name='EMPHIST'
4 and object_type='TABLE';
!
OBJECT_ID DATA_OBJECT_ID
---------- --------------
79039 79039
原本的那個Table

95. Logical Backup - IMPORT
[oracle@oraDB ~]$ impdp system/oracle directory=orcl_logical_backup
dumpfile=orcl_full.dmp tables=hr.emphist
!
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Fri Feb 1 17:42:18 2013
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type DATABASE_EXPORT/SCHEMA/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "HR"."EMPHIST" 16.81 KB 107 rows
!
SQL> select count(*) from hr.emphist;
!
COUNT(*)
----------
107
回復到logical backup時的狀態
並不是DROP之前的狀態
!
SQL> select object_id,data_object_id
2 from dba_objects
3 where owner='HR' and object_name='EMPHIST'
4 and object_type='TABLE';
!
OBJECT_ID DATA_OBJECT_ID
---------- --------------
79168 79168
新建Table

96. FlashBack Technology
• Flashback Query
• Flashback Version Query
• Flashback Transaction Query
• Flashback Table
• Flashback Transaction
• Flashback Drop
• Flashback Database

97. --建⽴立測試表格:hr.emp
SQL> create table hr.emp as select * from hr.employees;
!
--加上primary key限制
SQL> alter table hr.emp add constraint emp_id_pk primary key(employee_id);
!
SQL> alter session set nls_date_format='YYYY-MM-DD:HH24:MI:SS';
!
SQL> select salary,sysdate,dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number scn
2 from hr.emp
3 where employee_id=100;
!
SALARY SYSDATE SCN
---------- ------------------- ----------
24000 2011-05-25:15:50:19 995839
!
SQL> select employee_id,salary from hr.emp where department_id=90;
!
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
----------- ----------
100 24000
101 17000
102 17000
!
--變更部分資料內容
SQL> update hr.emp set salary=salary+1000 where department_id=90;
SQL> commit;

98. --變動後
SQL> select employee_id,salary from hr.emp where department_id=90;
!
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
----------- ----------
100 25000
101 18000
102 18000
!
SQL> select salary,sysdate,dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number scn
2> from hr.emp
3> where employee_id=100;
!
SALARY SYSDATE SCN
---------- ------------------- ----------
25000 2011-05-25:15:50:19 995839 --執⾏行SELECT指令當時此row的內容

99. Automatic Undo Management
• UNDO_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
• UNDO_TABLESPACE=UNDOTBS1
• UNDO_RETENTION=900

100. Add Supplemental Log
SQL> select supplemental_log_data_min,supplemental_log_data_pk,supplemental_log_data_ui,supplemental_log_data_fk
2 from v$database;
!
SUPPLEME SUP SUP SUP
-------- --- --- ---
NO NO NO NO
--11g預設值,但是若要使⽤用flashback transaction query,flashback transaction,log miner等功能
--supplemental_log_data_min⾄至少要為YES
!
--啟動supplemental log data min
SQL> alter database add supplemental log data;
!
SQL> select supplemental_log_data_min,supplemental_log_data_pk,supplemental_log_data_ui,supplemental_log_data_fk
2 from v$database;
!
SUPPLEME SUP SUP SUP
-------- --- --- ---
YES NO NO NO
!
--在redo entry裡加上pk/uk/fk的欄位值,即便它們並沒有被改變
SQL> alter database add supplemental log data(primary key,unique index,foreign key) columns;
!
SQL> select supplemental_log_data_min,supplemental_log_data_pk,supplemental_log_data_ui,supplemental_log_data_fk
2 from v$database;
!!
SUPPLEME SUP SUP SUP
-------- --- --- ---
YES YES YES YES

101. Flashback Query
SQL> select employee_id,salary
2 from hr.emp as of scn 995850
--as of timestamp to_date(‘2011-05-25:15:50:19’,‘YYYY-MM-DD:HH24:MI:SS’)
3 where employee_id in (100,120);
!
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
----------- ----------
100 24000 --過去的版本(使⽤用xcur block加上undo data重建出cr block)
120 8000

102. Row Level Recovery
SQL> update hr.emp
2 set salary=(select salary from hr.emp as of scn 995850 where employee_id=100)
3 where employee_id=100;
!
--也可以先刪除此row,再新增過去某個時間點的row內容到emp表格
--SQL> delete hr.emp where employee_id=100;
--SQL> insert into hr.emp select * from hr.emp as of scn 995850 where employee_id=100;
!
SQL> select employee_id,salary from hr.emp where employee_id in (100,120);
!
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
----------- ----------
100 24000
120 8000
!
SQL> select employee_id,salary from hr.emp where department_id=90;
!
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
----------- ----------
100 24000
101 18000 --雖然在同⼀一個dml中被改變
102 18000 --但只有employee_id=100的salary被復原,因此可稱為row level recovery

103. SQL> select employee_id,salary from hr.emp where department_id=90;
!
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
----------- ----------
100 24000
101 18000
102 18000
!
SQL> update hr.emp set salary=0 where employee_id=100;
!
1 row updated.
!
SQL> select employee_id,salary from hr.emp where department_id=90;
!
EMPLOYEE_ID SALARY
----------- ----------
100 0
101 18000
102 18000
!
SQL> commit;
!
Commit complete.
!
SQL> select salary,sysdate,dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number scn
2 from hr.emp where employee_id=100;
!
SALARY SYSDATE SCN
---------- ------------------- ----------
0 2011-05-25:15:54:52 996161

104. --新交易開始
SQL> update hr.emp set salary=24000 where employee_id=100; --未來在version query時將不會出現此版本
!
1 row updated.
!
SQL> select salary from hr.emp where employee_id=100;
!
SALARY
----------
24000
!
SQL> update hr.emp set salary=40000 where department_id=90;
!
3 rows updated.
!
SQL> select salary from hr.emp where employee_id=100;
!
SALARY
----------
40000
SQL> commit;
!
Commit complete.
!
SQL> select salary,sysdate,dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number scn from hr.emp where employee_id=100;
!
SALARY SYSDATE SCN
---------- ------------------- ----------
40000 2011-05-25:15:55:22 996544
!!
SQL> select salary
2 from hr.emp as of timestamp to_date('2011-05-25:15:54:52','YYYY-MM-DD:HH24:MI:SS')
3 where employee_id=100; --flashback query(⼀一個斷⾯面)
!
SALARY
----------
0

105. Flashback Version
Query
SQL> select versions_xid,versions_startscn,versions_endscn,versions_operation,salary
2 from hr.emp versions between scn minvalue and maxvalue
3 where employee_id=100;
!
VERSIONS_XID VERSIONS_STARTSCN VERSIONS_ENDSCN V SALARY
---------------- ----------------- --------------- - ----------
010015003A020000 996176 U 40000
--versions_endscn為空值,表⽰示此版本為最後⼀一個版本
030011001D030000 996148 996176 U 0
--0->40000之間,雖然過程為0->24000->40000,但是committed版本為40000.所以不會顯⽰示24000
05000F001B030000 996083 996148 U 24000
030018001C030000 995872 996083 U 25000
995872 24000
--versions_xid,versions_startscn都是空值,表⽰示此版本的來源在undo segment無法找到

106. Flashback Transaction
Query
SQL> select start_scn,COMMIT_SCN,OPERATION,UNDO_SQL
2 from flashback_transaction_query
3 where xid='010015003A020000';
!
START_SCN COMMIT_SCN OPERATION
---------- ---------- --------------------------------
UNDO_SQL
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
996169 996176 UPDATE
update "HR"."EMP" set "SALARY" = '18000' where ROWID = 'AAASNcAAEAAAAarAAL';
!
996169 996176 UPDATE
update "HR"."EMP" set "SALARY" = '18000' where ROWID = 'AAASNcAAEAAAAarAAK';
!
996169 996176 UPDATE
update "HR"."EMP" set "SALARY" = '24000' where ROWID = 'AAASNcAAEAAAAarAAJ';
!
996169 996176 UPDATE
update "HR"."EMP" set "SALARY" = '0' where ROWID = 'AAASNcAAEAAAAarAAJ';
!
996169 996176 BEGIN

107. SQL> create table hr.t1 as select * from dba_objects;
!
SQL> select count(*),sysdate,dbms_flashback.get_system_change_number scn from hr.t1;
!
COUNT(*) SYSDATE SCN
---------- ------------------- ----------
72466 2011-05-25:16:12:51 999046
!
SQL> select rowid,object_id from hr.t1 where object_id=12345;
!
ROWID OBJECT_ID
------------------ ----------
AAASNdAAEAAAAenABI 12345
!
SQL> delete hr.t1 where mod(object_id,4)=0;
!
18181 rows deleted.
!
SQL> select rowid,object_id from hr.t1 where object_id=12345;
!
ROWID OBJECT_ID
------------------ ----------
AAASNdAAEAAAAenABI 12345
!
SQL> delete hr.emp where department_id=80;
!
34 rows deleted.
!
SQL> commit;

108. Flashback Table
SQL> alter table hr.t1 enable row movement;
!
Table altered.
!
SQL> select table_name,row_movement from dba_tables where owner='HR' and table_name='T1';
!
TABLE_NAME ROW_MOVE
------------------------------ --------
T1 ENABLED
--此功能⼀一定要啟動,才能進⾏行flashback table.允許同⼀一筆row的rowid可以不同(但是其實並不是同⼀一筆row)
!
SQL> select count(*) from hr.t1 as of scn 999046 ; --建議使⽤用flashback query確定所要回溯的時間點
!
COUNT(*)
----------
72462
!
--flashback table hr.t1,hr.t2 to scn xxxx enable trigger;
--flashback table hr.t1,hr.t2 to scn xxxx disable trigger; disable trigger為預設值
SQL> flashback table hr.t1 to scn 999046;
!
Flashback complete.
!
SQL> select count(*) from hr.t1;
!
COUNT(*)
----------
72466

109. Q&A