Optifert short
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Cropnuts has been testing OPTIFERT at a flower farm in Thika farm from Feb 2014 till Sept 2014. OPTI-FERT is a two stage program with the objective of improving fertilizer use and reducing water waste through excessive irrigation: 1. PHASE I: Monitoring of nutrient leaching down the profile derived from the current practices, and 2. PHASE II: Implementation of corrective management, optimizing irrigation and fertilization The method involves the use of Soil Water Extractors (SWE) and a Soil Moisture Probe.
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Approaches to Improving Irrigation Performance and Water Use
Approaches to Improving Irrigation Performance and Water UseInternational Water Management Institute (IWMI)
This document discusses approaches to improving irrigation performance and water use in agriculture. It provides context on the importance of irrigation performance given population growth, changing diets, and water constraints. Key innovations that can improve performance are discussed for the farm/field level and system operations level, including laser land leveling, sprinkler systems, and use of new technologies. The document emphasizes that improving performance requires strengthening links between irrigation systems and farms, as well as leadership to set clear objectives, provide resources, and reward performance. Overall, better irrigation performance can reduce water diversions while enabling food security if it also increases farmers' livelihoods.Laboratory tests on grund water
- Groundwater sampling requires taking a representative sample, properly rinsing sample bottles, filtering and preserving samples in the field, taking accurate field measurements, storing samples on ice, and sending them to a certified lab within 24 hours. It also requires a quality control program.
- There are several methods for collecting groundwater samples, including using in-place plumbing or pumps for wells with or without plumbing.
- Basic water quality parameters that can be tested in the field include pH, conductivity, salinity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, and temperature, while laboratories can analyze for cations, anions, trace metals, and radioactivity.
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Optifert short
- 1. OPTIFERT Nutrient Leaching; Irrigation control; Soil Water Extractors; Irrigation; Soil Moisture Probes
- 2. Introduction • Cropnuts has been testing OPTIFERT at a flower farm in Thika farm from Feb 2014 till Sept 2014. • OPTI-FERT is a two stage program with the objective of improving fertilizer use and reducing water waste through excessive irrigation: 1. PHASE I: Monitoring of nutrient leaching down the profile derived from the current practices, and 2. PHASE II: Implementation of corrective management, optimizing irrigation and fertilization • The method involves the use of Soil Water Extractors (SWE) and a Soil Moisture Probe.
- 3. Methodology • Soil Water Extractors (SWE) – Inert porous ceramic cup allows the soil solution to freely permeate into & out of the instrument – SWE installed next to a drip line; Soil solution extracted twice a week – 9 SWE were installed in 3 locations at 30, 60 & 90cm – The samples were analysed in the lab for drain water to quantify nutrients (in particular Ca & NO3) • Aquacheck Soil Moisture Probes – 8 sensors distributed every 10cm down to 80cm – One reading per sensor every 30min; – Data is stored & uploaded onto an online server every 2 hours and visualized using an online software
- 4. Results • Phase I: irrigation of 40m3/ha/day in one event – Evidence of strong nutrient leaching in all sites (highest levels of NO3 and Ca at 60 and 90 cm) • Phase II: irrigation volumes and events reduced and regulated based on Aquacheck probe data – Reduction of nutrient leaching by 60% – Reduction of water consumption by 25% – Reduction of fertilizer input by 15%
- 5. Results – Leaching • Average effect of improved water management: – 47% less nitrates in A60 and 52% less in A90 – 34% less calcium in A60 and 61% less in A90
- 6. Results – Soil Moisture • Time span of graph: 10th June – 8th August – Moisture content (%) at 6 of the 8 levels Root activity within top 20cm Excessively wet profile allowed to dry: Increasing root activity in 30cm & 40cm
- 7. Results – Soil Moisture • Root zone graph – Moisture content (%) in the root zone RAW (60% of AWC) Upper management zone line (apply water to here) URAW Lower management zone line (apply water now) LRAW VERY WET START OF MANAGING PROFILE ALLOWED TO DRY
- 8. Aquacheck Soil Moisture Monitoring • Aquacheck allows managing irrigation precisely, telling the management when & how much to irrigate • Irrigate up to the URAW line and dry to the LRAW line before irrigating • No more over-irrigation – Reduction of water wastage & leaching of fertilizer; – Increased soil aeration for healthier, deeper, roots
- 9. Conclusion • The SWE allowed to quantify the leaching of nutrients down the profile • Over-irrigation due to uncontrolled irrigation management has been the cause of leaching • Reducing the irrigation (volumes & events) led to a reduction in leaching • Irrigation management (and soil aeration) can be improved using Aquacheck • It is believed that appropriate irrigation management will also lead to: – Improved crop quality (bud size, stem shelf life) – Improved general crop health – Hardiness of crop (due to deeper roots) – Reduced incidents of disease