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Valuing Water & Soil to Achieve Sustainability & Food Security
This document discusses key initiatives for achieving sustainability and food security. It argues that to meet growing global food demands, agriculture must (1) use available water efficiently, (2) innovate and integrate mechanical, chemical and biological techniques, (3) value healthy soils and roots, and (4) uniformly deliver inputs. Achieving uniformity and balance across these areas through cooperation between farmers, industry, academia and government can help create a more sustainable future.
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Similar to Valuing Water & Soil to Achieve Sustainability & Food Security
Valuing Water & Soil to Achieve Sustainability & Food Security
- 1. Valuing Water andSoil to Achieve Sustainability and Food Security by Paul T. Bially
- 2. Presentation Overview 1 SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE PRINCIPLES 2 GLOBAL TRENDS FOR CLIMATE, WATER & ENERGY 3 4 KEY INITIATIVES FOR FOOD SECURITY 4 SUMMARY
- 3. Economic Environmental Social www.sare.org
- 4. Landscape Sustainability Stewardship, Responsibility Reduced vegetative cover Soil compaction Improved air & water quality Reduced infiltration Increased soil health Increased runoff Increased evapotranspiration Decreased soil activity Increased vegetative cover Decreased soil organic matter Reduced runoff Impaired water & air quality Increased infiltration Improved soil conditions Degradation Sustainable Sites Initiative
- 5. The Waste Hierarchy Sustainability The more Prevention sustainable the practice, the more Reduction efficient the use of resources Reusing/Recycling Disposal Sustainable Sites Initiative
- 6. Global Population isIncreasing 10 9 Billion 9 Billion People 8 7 Billion 7 6 5 Billion 5 4 3 Billion 1960 1987 2011 2050 ?
- 7. World Energy Consumption 1990-2035 770 619 Quadrillion Btu Global energy 505 use is expected to jump 30+% 354 by 2035, largely driven by strong demand from places like India and China. U.S. Energy Information Administration
- 8. World Energy Consumption ProjectedMix-2035 29% Oil 7% Nuclear 27% Coal 14% 23% Renewables Natural Gas U.S. Energy Information Administration
- 9. There is aglobal challenge to produce almost 50% more food up to 2030 and double production by 2050. Agriculture is the major user of water, accounting for about 70% of the world’s freshwater withdrawals and over 40% of total water withdrawals. Future crop producers will likely have to YIELD MORE WITH LESS due to effects of urbanization, industrialization, and climate change.
- 11. Source UN Source UN
- 12. 4 Keys toFood Security 1 2 3 4 Integrate Uniformly Use Mechanical, Value Soil & Deliver Available Chemical & Healthy Inputs to Water Biological Roots Intended Efficiently Innovations Targets
- 13. #1: Use WaterEfficiently Air Water use efficiency and conservation are essential for sustainable food production. Water The slightest iswatercan be This a placeholder text. This text deficits can impact crop yield and quality. replaced with your own text. Plants Excessive irrigation is wasteful and equally detrimental: leading to increased erosion, run-off, nutrient Soil leaching, disease susceptibility, and resource costs. We need to achieve uniformity and balance.
- 15.
- 16. Water Use Efficiency Achievedwhen crop actually uses most of the water applied by irrigation systems. Dependent on: 1. water being applied as uniformly as possible 2. water being applied in proper amounts at appropriate time intervals Irrigation Association
- 17. Water Use EfficiencyBenefits • Improved plant health and yield • Reduced runoff and leaching • Reduced agrochemical usage • Reduced pump operation, energy, and maintenance costs Irrigation Association
- 18. #2: Innovate andIntegrate Introduce stress- Control Biological Pests tolerant crops Manage Abiotic Advance Mechanical Plant Stress Delivery Systems
- 19. Integrated Irrigation Concept Chemical •pH & salinity adjusters •Soil Penetrants Mechanical •Hydrogels Biological (water retention) •Beneficial Microbes •Pumps, valves, nozzles, •Biostimulants emitters •Enzymes •Computer control systems •Soil sensors Irrigation
- 20. Mechanical Advances Advantages and Limitations Positive Negative Allow growers to control the Unable to control water timing, duration, and delivery below the surface uniformity of water applied and into the root zone where to the plant & soil surface. many economic and agronomic benefits are realized
- 21. Water Droplet Interaction with the Land Surface air air water water land surface land surface contact angle <90° 90°or greater infiltration no infiltration influenced biochemically by oils and waxes from plants, microbes, agrochemical residue, pollutants, etc.
- 22. The Impact ofImpervious Land Cover* Natural Ground Cover 10-20% Impervious Surface 10% Runoff 20% Runoff 35-50% Impervious Surface 75-100% Impervious Surface 55% Runoff 30% Runoff *roads, parking lots, sidewalks, roof tops, patios, etc.
- 23. Water Infiltration Ratevs Soil Moisture Content 1 (36% VWC) y= 0.0619x – 0.1195 Cumulative Infiltration (cm) 0.82 (18% VWC) 0.69 (10% VWC) 0.57 0.5 0.38 0.25 0.13 0 0 0 5 10 15 Square Root of Time
- 24. #3: Value Soils& Healthy Roots • Undervaluation of soils is a major issue facing modern agriculture. Soils are living ecosystems directly impacting the movement and delivery of water and agrichemicals in the environment. • Roots provide the foundation for plant growth and development. They facilitate uptake and absorption of water and nutrients. Healthy, well- developed root systems help plants withstand biological and abiotic stress. • Technologies focused on soil and roots can help us achieve sustainability and food security. We often neglect what we cannot see…
- 25. Requirements of aGrowing Medium • To provide anchorage for the plant • To provide adequate air spaces for root respiration • To hold sufficient available water • To hold sufficient available nutrients • To be free of plant pathogens, pests, and weeds • To be safe when handled by people Growing Media Association
- 26. #4: Uniformly DeliverInputs •If the add text nutrient content Click to soil’s or water-holding capacity differs from place to place, it can mean lower fruit yields, lower producer profits and higher consumer prices for fresh citrus and citrus juice. • Citrus groves are typically managed as if the soil were uniform. Consequently, areas with poorer-than- average soil may end up deprived of nutrients or irrigation, reducing the grove’s potential yield by 10 percent to 50 percent.
- 27. Soil Variability DRY SATURATED Soil surface properties can vary considerably and may not allow favorable interactions with irrigation or rainfall.
- 28. Soil Variability Plant growth media may naturally resist hydration, especially at low moisture contents, inhibiting uniform percolation.
- 29. Preferential Flow ofAgrichemicals DRY SATURATED a common challenge in all soil types after 10 minutes after 1 hour
- 30. Soil & RootZone Variability Large dry spot on soil Uniform treatment surface remained of the soil surface untreated with Additive Soil Surface: Nutrient Treatment Soil Surface: Nutrient + Additive Simulated Drip Irrigation (0.5mL)
- 31. Depth of WaterPenetration--(1000ppm) 5 mL 5 mL 5 mL 10 mL 6 mL 7 mL P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 10 cc hydrophobic soil irrigated with 1.5 mL treated water
- 32. The Evolution ofAdjuvants & Inerts Adjuvants The definition of a tank mix adjuvant, as developed and approved Inerts by ASTM, is a material An inert added to a tank mix to ingredient is aid or modify the action any substance of an agricultural other than an chemical or the physical “active” characteristics of the ingredient, mixture. which is intentionally included in a pesticide.
- 33. Summary To hit our target of food security & sustainability 1 Use Available Water Efficiently 2 Innovate & Integrate 3 Value Soils and Healthy Roots 4 Uniformly Deliver Inputs Strive for uniformity and balance.
- 34. We Are AllResponsible For a FARMER INDUSTRY ACADEMIA GOVERNMENT Sustainable Future