This document discusses using pyrolysis to harvest energy from wastes like municipal solid waste, crop waste, wood waste, and construction waste. Pyrolysis involves heating organic materials in a low or zero oxygen environment to produce syngas, biochar, and oils. A typical pyrolysis plant can process 50 metric tons of unsorted municipal solid waste per day to produce electricity, biochar, pyro-oils, and usable heat while emitting very low levels of particulates. The energy, biochar, and pyro-oils produced can be sold while also removing waste from landfills.

1. Harvesting Energy from Wastes
OPS Energy Solutions
Renewable Energy Project
In MENA countries represented by
Development
Nisien BV, Netherlands

2. The Problem(s)
 Huge, Unmanageable Volumes of Waste
 Air Pollution
 Water Pollution
 Landfill Capacity Limits
 Odors
 Insect Vector Born Disease
 Vermin Vector Born Disease

3. Energy is Available but Literally Going to Waste
Every day, tens of thousands of tons of MSW, crop waste, wood
waste, yard waste, construction waste and other “renewable”
materials as well as non-recyclable plastics and other organics
enter Ohio’s environment. OPS has potential clients in every
one of these categories.
Yard Waste Auto Shredder Residue Wood Waste
Sewage Sludge Chicken Litter MSW

4. Energy from Waste Technologies
 Incineration - The “I” Word
Open Burning
 Gasification
Heating Organic Material in a “Low Oxygen”
Environment
 Pyrolysis
Heating Organic Material in a “Zero Oxygen”
or “Near Zero Oxygen” Environment

5. Energy from Waste - Pyrolysis
The Pyrolysis / Electric
Generation Process:
• This is a Mature, Well-
Established Technology
Originally Developed in the
1800’s.
• Recent Advances have
Brought Costs and Size
Modern Pyrolysis System Down Considerably.
• The Technology is Safe,
In Widespread Use – Europe, Asia, Efficient and Can Use a
Africa and South America! Multitude of Feedstocks.

6. Pyrolysis Power Generation
Biomass or
Other Waste
PYROLYSIS High BTU Syngas
850o C in a Near (Methane, Ethane, Propane,
Oxygen-Free Butane, CO and Hydrogen
Environment
Power Generation,
Bio-Char Steam and/or Hot Water
& Oils
Waste Heat
85% to 90% of the heat is harvested.

7. TM*
PyroGen
480/3 Phase
To Customer
Pyrolizer Gas In
To Engine/GenSet
Engine Exhaust (1,300oF)
Engine Jacket Water For Feedstock Pre-Heat (205 F)
* Patents Pending

8. Where does the MSW go?
One Ton of Typical MSW Consists of Approximately:
540 kg of Cellulose (Paper and Cardboard)
Total including 235 kg of Plastics
recyclables 35 kg of Metals
100 kg of Food Waste
(About 1000 kg)
90 kg Garden Waste
About 700 kg of Plastics, Food
Non Recyclable
Waste, Paper, Cardboard and
Residues Garden Waste

9. Typical OPS line and efficiency
 Typical line will process approx 50 MT per day (unsorted
MSW)
 Typical 8100 operating hours per year
 One line will typically produce (approx.):
 2.25 MW electricity per hour
 4.200 MT of bio-char per year
 4.200 MT of pyro-oil per year
 Pyro-oil can either be further refined into derivates as bio-
diesel, kerosene, naphtha or by using additional generators
produce additional electricity – typical conversion rate is
approx. 300 l of pyro-oil for 1 MW of electricity

10. Where does the MSW go?
From 1 MT of unsorted waste we use 700
kg of non-recyclable MSW (or
Engineered Fuel or RDF,) pyrolysis
produces approximately:
 190 kg of Pyro-Char
 195 liters of Pyro-Oils
 2 m² of High BTU Pyro-Gas
 Varying Amounts of Usable Heat

11. Emissions
This is an “ultra-low emissions” technology.
Under EPA Air Permitting Regulations for Particulates:
▪ 250 Tons per year is considered a “Minor Source”
▪ 500 Tons per year is considered a “Major Source”
Six (6) I Power Engine / Generator Sets
Produce Less than 450 kilograms of
Particulates per Year!!

12. The 50 Ton per Day
Pyrolysis Unit
Throughput Intake
Pyro-Char Output

13. Pyro–Char / Bio-Char
The resulting sterile Char
may be mixed with
asphalt for road repair,
pulverized to “Carbon
Black” for making tires,
converted to “Activated
Carbon” or applied to
farm fields, depending on
exact content, local
needs and regulations.
Sequesters Carbon for Thousands of Years!

14. Pyro - Oil Production
Depending on the waste feedstock, a variety of
oils are produced by pyrolysis. Many of these
liquids may be used directly as a substitute for
fuel or bunker oil or refined for use in the
chemical industry or as transportation fuels.

15. Project Income Streams
1. Power Sales (10 to 20 Year Guarantee under
Power Purchase Agreements)
2. Tipping Fees
3. Pyro-Char Sales (Carbon Black, Activated
Carbon)
4. Pyro-Oil Sales (Diesel Fuel, Naphtha, Petcoke)
5. Recycling Sales (Aluminum, Ferrous Metals,
Glass)
6. Renewable Energy Certificates (“REC’s”)
7. “Green Tags” (Cap and Trade/Kyoto)
8. Heat/Hot Water Sales