The document summarizes different opposition movements to liberalism during the Industrial Revolution, including Luddite frame-breakers who destroyed machines, Chartists who campaigned for political reform, Utopian Socialists who sought more humane working conditions, and Marx and Engels who developed Marxism as a critique of capitalism.

2. Ned Ludd led the group of Reddressers to destroy machines that would threaten their labor.

4. Six essential goals: all men over 21 have a right to vote, equal sized electoral districts, voting by secret ballots, an end to the need for property qualification for parliament, pay members of the parliament, annual elections. In 1832 the right to vote had been extended to some of the middle class males but not the working class. The right to vote promised many improvements for the working class and a variety of organizations.

6. They believed that education and improved working conditions could peacefully eradicate the worst aspects of capitalism and lead to an ideal socialist society where everyone would live happily, the natural laws of society would be used to guide progress.

7. Individuals could realize their potential if they were free to pursue their own inclinations.Marxism<br />Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels<br />