Opportunities and Challenges to Adherence: A Field Experience
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The document outlines the opportunities and challenges to adherence in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs in Rwanda. It describes the follow-up procedures for PMTCT women in the ante-partum, intra-partum, and post-partum periods. It also outlines the follow-up procedures for PMTCT infants in the intra-partum and post-partum periods. Lastly, it identifies opportunities such as the large proportion of clients tested for HIV and availability of CD4 count machines, and challenges such as the number of visits required and lack of reporting on refills and CD4 count indicators.
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![Follow-up of PMTCT Women in Ante-Partum Period Eligible to triple therapy ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],? ? ? Start of ART Week 5-6 Lab exams Every 2 weeks for 1 month Delivery at facility Labour & delivery 2 education sessions + additional lab exams (biochem; hematology) Week 4-5 Result CD4 count test (CD4 ≤ 350/mm 3 or stage IV or pregnancy ≥ 34 weeks) Week 2-3 Sample for CD4 Week 1 HIV test Hg RPR test 1 st contact (t 0 )](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Evaluation of pcr in the molecular diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infecti...
Evaluation of pcr in the molecular diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infecti...Open Access Research Paper
Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is a common pathogen with worldwide distribution. It is estimated that worldwide 180 million people are infected annually. Trichomoniasis is associated with vaginitis, cervicitis, low birth weight, and preterm delivery. PCR has the advantage of high sensitivity, shorter time for diagnosis and the ability to detect nonviable or defective organism. In this study we used these three methods for evaluation of PCR in comparison with conventional methods like wet mount and culture in the detection of T. vaginalis in vaginal discharge. Three vaginal swab specimens were obtained from each of 200 cases, of the age group 18-40years, both symptomatic and asymptomatic females attending Gynaecology OPD(50) and Family planning OPD(50) at Gandhi hospital, Secunderabadand two FSW(Female sex workers) clinics (100) in highly concentrated areas of them in Hyderabad, for validation of various forms of Trichomonas vaginalis diagnostic procedures. One swab was immediately examined by wetmount microscopy, a second swab was placed in Wittington’s medium for cultivation, and other swab is placed in 2SP transport medium for PCR for T.vaginalis. A total of 58 samples positive in one or more tests were identified: 11 (5.5%) infections were detected by wet mount microscopy, and 30 (15%) positives in culture respectively. PCR was positive in 50 (25%) samples. PCR appears to be the most sensitive method with high detection rate and method of choice for detection of genital infections with T. vaginalis.
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Genital tuberculosis (TB) commonly affects females aged 20-40 years. It is usually secondary to pulmonary or other organ involvement. The fallopian tubes are most frequently involved (90-100%), followed by the endometrium (50-60%). Common presenting symptoms include infertility (40-50%), abnormal bleeding (25-30%), and pelvic pain (15-25%). Diagnosis involves clinical suspicion, imaging such as ultrasound or HSG, and microbiological tests on samples from the endometrium or tubes. Treatment consists of a multi-drug regimen containing isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol for 2 months, followed by isoniazid and rif
Evaluation of pcr in the molecular diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infecti...
Evaluation of pcr in the molecular diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infecti...Open Access Research Paper
Trichomonas vaginalis (T. vaginalis) is a common pathogen with worldwide distribution. It is estimated that worldwide 180 million people are infected annually. Trichomoniasis is associated with vaginitis, cervicitis, low birth weight, and preterm delivery. PCR has the advantage of high sensitivity, shorter time for diagnosis and the ability to detect nonviable or defective organism. In this study we used these three methods for evaluation of PCR in comparison with conventional methods like wet mount and culture in the detection of T. vaginalis in vaginal discharge. Three vaginal swab specimens were obtained from each of 200 cases, of the age group 18-40years, both symptomatic and asymptomatic females attending Gynaecology OPD(50) and Family planning OPD(50) at Gandhi hospital, Secunderabadand two FSW(Female sex workers) clinics (100) in highly concentrated areas of them in Hyderabad, for validation of various forms of Trichomonas vaginalis diagnostic procedures. One swab was immediately examined by wetmount microscopy, a second swab was placed in Wittington’s medium for cultivation, and other swab is placed in 2SP transport medium for PCR for T.vaginalis. A total of 58 samples positive in one or more tests were identified: 11 (5.5%) infections were detected by wet mount microscopy, and 30 (15%) positives in culture respectively. PCR was positive in 50 (25%) samples. PCR appears to be the most sensitive method with high detection rate and method of choice for detection of genital infections with T. vaginalis.
Tb sure ultra short july 2019
Diagnosis of tuberculosis by direct demonstration of the pathogen or by indirect demonstration of cell mediated immunity through activation of CD 4 and / or CD 8 T lymphocytes.
maternal screening in pregnancy
This document provides guidelines for antenatal screening in India. It recommends screening in the first, second, and third trimesters to assess risk factors, detect fetal abnormalities, and monitor fetal well-being. In the first trimester, it suggests screening for chromosomal anomalies through nuchal translucency measurement, biochemical markers, and non-invasive prenatal testing. Second trimester screening includes the quadruple marker test, anomaly scan, and screening for conditions like gestational diabetes. Third trimester screening focuses on fetal growth, amniotic fluid levels, fetal movement assessment, and cardiotocography to monitor fetal heart rate. The guidelines aim to optimize antenatal care through a systematic, multi-stage screening process
Hiv and obgyn resident
This document discusses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in obstetrics and gynecology. It covers topics such as HIV transmission, testing methods for HIV and antibodies, antiretroviral treatment regimens, opportunistic infection prophylaxis based on CD4 count, screening for fetal abnormalities, safety of invasive prenatal testing for HIV-positive women on treatment, ultrasound guidelines, and complications of HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy on pregnancy outcomes.
Antiretroviral intensification to prevent intrapartum HIV transmission in lat...
Lallemant M. и др. «Antiretroviral intensification to prevent intrapartum HIV transmission in late comers» 8th IAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment, and Prevention (IAS 2015), Vancouver, 2015. MOAC0204.
Antiretrovirals in Pregnancy: Beyond Combivir Kaletrao
Michael Kavanaugh, MD, of U.S.Navy Medicine, presents "Antiretrovirals in Pregnancy: Beyond Combivir Kaletrao"
Stci abhijit nov'17
This document outlines 10 standards for tuberculosis care in India. It summarizes World Health Organization tuberculosis reports from 2016 and 2017, showing declines in TB incidence and mortality. It provides guidelines on testing and screening for pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB, diagnostic tools, treatment regimens for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB, and monitoring treatment response. Standards cover appropriate testing, diagnosis of HIV and drug-resistant TB, pediatric TB diagnosis, first-line and multi-drug resistant treatment regimens, and addressing TB among people living with HIV.
HIV in pregnancy - Dr Mangala.pptx
This document summarizes the medical case of a pregnant woman diagnosed with HIV. Key points:
- The patient, age 30, presented with cough, fever and amenorrhea. Tests confirmed pregnancy at 8 weeks and HIV positive status.
- She was counseled on treatment and care options. Treatment included ART, TB treatment, supplements, monitoring of health indicators.
- Throughout pregnancy she was closely monitored. Delivery was vaginal at 36 weeks of a healthy baby boy. The baby began HIV treatment.
- The document outlines guidelines for treatment, care and management of HIV-positive pregnant women and their infants to reduce mother-to-child transmission.
Diagnosis and management of basic infertility
This document provides guidance for general gynecologists on evaluating and managing basic infertility. It highlights that a thorough history and physical exam should be done before starting any workup. The workup should generally start after 6 months of trying unless certain risk factors are present. Key parts of the initial workup include a semen analysis, confirming ovulation with a mid-luteal progesterone test, and checking tubal patency with HSG or sonohysterography. Empirical clomiphene citrate therapy is not recommended. IUI is only appropriate if the gynecologist understands patient selection and timing of referral for more advanced treatments. Lifestyle changes should be the first approach for overweight PCOS patients.
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Seminar on hiv diagnosis and management by Dr Sohanlal Sharma
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HIV and Pregnancy : Dr Ruby Bansal (1st Session of DGF HIV Committee on 10th ...
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Evaluation of pcr in the molecular diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis infecti...
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
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Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Hemodialysis: Chapter 4, Dialysate Circuit - Dr.Gawad
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
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- 3. Follow-up of PMTCT Women in Ante-Partum Period Not eligible to triple therapy ? ? ? ? Lab exams Every 2 weeks for 1 month Delivery at facility Labour & delivery Every 3-6 months CD4 control Refills for ART prophylaxis Monthly Start of AZT ≥ 28 weeks pregnancy Result CD4 count test (CD4 > 350/mm 3 ) Week 2-3 Sample for CD4 Week 1 HIV test Hg RPR test 1 st contact (t 0 )
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