Operational Differences in International Companies
Resources
Depending on whether a firm produces tangible (products that require manufacturing or processing) or intangible goods (services), its resource requirements will differ greatly.
Production management of tangible goods requires supply chain management to acquire production materials in the most efficient and cost-effective manner possible. The successful management of a firm's supply chain utilizes a defined set of process and steps to acquire the resources necessary for production. This may also require operations managers to decide the degree to which they can or should use vertical integration to optimize supply chain efficiencies. Vertical integration is the degree to which a firm decides to use its own resources (by making them) or to purchase the resources from an external supplier. If a firm decides to make the resources it needs to produce its end product, it may purchase a supplier firm and take the resource production "in-house" (Backward Vertical Integration).
If a firm decides it would be best to distribute their products themselves, rather than lose the profit margins to a distributor, they may desire to purchase a distributorship and move that function "in-house" (Forward Vertical Integration).
Conversely, firms may decide that the best efficiencies for production and pricing occur when they purchase their resources for production. In this case, procurement operations are a critical facet of ensuring that resources are purchased at the most favorable terms possible. In the international marketplace, this function relies on strong multinational communications techniques and continual foreign currency analysis in order to optimize pricing. These operational decisions are complex and require astute business analysisLocation
When determining the location for an international firm's various facilities, operations managers must consider:
Country-related issues
· Resource availability - abundance and quality of workforce, raw materials, clean water, etc.
· Cost - prohibitive or supportive of locating a business in that location
· Infrastructure - technology, transportation systems, regulations
· Branding - various nations have brand images associated with them that can either enhance or diminish brand reputation
Product-related issues
· Transportation costs relative to the weight of the product can impact profitability such that a specific location is not suitable for production.
· Appropriate and efficient facility size (relative to anticipated product sales)
Government policies
· The decision to locate a facility in a foreign nation is greatly impacted by the stability of the political system.
· Tariffs and taxes can force firms to locate a facility within the borders of a nation.
· Location decisions can be influenced by economic incentives offered by certain host nations.
Operational issues
· Firms that have a low-cost strategy may locate in low-cost locations, but a f.
Module 4.1 - Operation management
The SENSES project co-funded by the European Union funds (ERDF and IPA)
For more information check the official website: http://www.interreg-danube.eu/senses
The 12 Fundamental Best Practices of Supply Chain ManagementIntalere
This article highlights the fundamental best practices of healthcare supply chain management. Intalere assists our customers in managing their entire non-labor spend, providing innovative technologies, products and services, and leveraging the best practices of a provider-led model.
The Supply Chain Management has the potential to improve Company’s competitiveness. Supply chain capability is as important to a company's overall strategy as overall product strategy. It encourages management of processes across departments. By linking supply chain objectives to company strategy, decisions can be made between competing demands on the supply chain. The impact of managing overall product demand and the supply of product will impact the profitability of the company.
Instructions· This is a group assignment with only 4 .docxnormanibarber20063
Instructions:
· This is a group assignment with only 4 members. As discussed and explained in the class, this assignment is a Case study.
· The students should read and analyze the Case study and submit their report.
· The report should contain the following:
The Assignment should cover the following points:
1. Brief Overview (Describe the Company and issues discussed)
2. Situation Analysis (SWOT)
3. Key Issues (Symptoms/Problems)
4. Alternatives (A set of strategic alternatives that have a potential to solve the problem)
5. Evaluation of Alternatives (How well does the alternative address the issue stated? / List the pros and cons of each alternative)
6. Recommendation
7. Implementation Plan (Steps to follow constrained by budget and timeline/Short term and long term plan/Always look for appendices)
8. Risk and Mitigation (List all the challenges that would prevent the company from successfully implementing the proposed solution/List risk mitigation strategies for every challenge)
Rubric for Report: 20 marks
Category
Failed
0-1
Partially
2
Mostly
3
Absolutely
4
Key Issue(s)
Did not identify Key Issues
Partially identified Key Issues
Mostly identified Key Issues
Absolutely identified Key Issues
Relevant Factors
Did not analyze Relevant Factors
Partially analyzed Relevant Factors
Mostly analyzed Relevant Factors
Absolutely analyzed Relevant Factors
Alternatives (Identify)
Did not develop realistic Alternatives
Partially developed realistic Alternatives
Mostly developed realistic Alternatives
Absolutely developed realistic Alternatives
Alternatives (Evaluate)
Did not evaluate Alternatives
Partially evaluated Alternatives
Mostly evaluated Alternatives
Absolutely evaluated Alternatives
Recommendation
Did not select a Recommendation to address key issues
Partially selected a Recommendation to address key issues
Mostly selected a Recommendation to address key issues
Absolutely selected a Recommendation to address key issues
Date of Submission: WEEK 6
BEST WISHES
Activity-Based Costing: A Tool for Manufacturing
Excellence
ABC is a strategic weaoon in the Quest for comoetitive oosition.
By Peter B.B. Turney, Ph.D.
This article exammes rne role of
actiVity-based costing in the
achievement of manufacturing ex-
cellence. It describes manufacturing
excellence and the product cost in-
formation requirements of managers
who seek to achieve it. It shows
how conventional product costing
fails to meet these needs, and dem-
onstrates how activity-based cost-
ing corrects these deficiencies. It
explains how managers in manufac-
turing companies can use activity-
based costing for strategic, product
design, and continuous improve-
ment purposes. Finally, the article
lays to rest fears that activity-based
costing may be too costly and com-
plex to be compatible with manu-
facturing excellence.
A chieving and sustaining a com-petitive advantage via manufac-
turing excellence requires attention
to all .
This modules animation What Is Communication provides background .docxhopeaustin33688
This module's animation What Is Communication? provides background for this assignment.
The six characteristics from which you should choose are:
Involves interdependent individuals
Is inherently rational
Exists on a continuum
Features verbal and nonverbal messages
Exists in varied forms
Varies in effectiveness
Write a 1-page essay that explains 2 of the 6 characteristics of interpersonal communication and illustrate how each one is demonstrated in your communication style. Include at least one quotation from your research. Cite your source in APA format.
.
▪Nursing Theory PowerPoint Presentation.This is a group project .docxhopeaustin33688
▪
Nursing Theory PowerPoint Presentation.
This is a group project this is my part…
Lydia Hall The 3 Cs Nursing Theory. (im doing the CORE, and the strengths and weakness of the whole theory)
WIKI Project Guideline:
1
4 to 6 slides plus a reference slide on the nursing theory
(THE CORE & the strengths and the weakness)
2 responsible to
create 2-3 voice-over PPT (FEMALE VOICE)
slides on their designated topic area.
3Please note that
APA
format is required within the PowerPoint presentation. Reference slides are required at the end of the presentation.
This assignment will be graded according to the following rubric:
Criteria
Points
WIKI content 8
APA in-text citation and reference page 4
Multimedia Inclusion 3
Total
15
.
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Module 4.1 - Operation management
The SENSES project co-funded by the European Union funds (ERDF and IPA)
For more information check the official website: http://www.interreg-danube.eu/senses
The 12 Fundamental Best Practices of Supply Chain ManagementIntalere
This article highlights the fundamental best practices of healthcare supply chain management. Intalere assists our customers in managing their entire non-labor spend, providing innovative technologies, products and services, and leveraging the best practices of a provider-led model.
The Supply Chain Management has the potential to improve Company’s competitiveness. Supply chain capability is as important to a company's overall strategy as overall product strategy. It encourages management of processes across departments. By linking supply chain objectives to company strategy, decisions can be made between competing demands on the supply chain. The impact of managing overall product demand and the supply of product will impact the profitability of the company.
Instructions· This is a group assignment with only 4 .docxnormanibarber20063
Instructions:
· This is a group assignment with only 4 members. As discussed and explained in the class, this assignment is a Case study.
· The students should read and analyze the Case study and submit their report.
· The report should contain the following:
The Assignment should cover the following points:
1. Brief Overview (Describe the Company and issues discussed)
2. Situation Analysis (SWOT)
3. Key Issues (Symptoms/Problems)
4. Alternatives (A set of strategic alternatives that have a potential to solve the problem)
5. Evaluation of Alternatives (How well does the alternative address the issue stated? / List the pros and cons of each alternative)
6. Recommendation
7. Implementation Plan (Steps to follow constrained by budget and timeline/Short term and long term plan/Always look for appendices)
8. Risk and Mitigation (List all the challenges that would prevent the company from successfully implementing the proposed solution/List risk mitigation strategies for every challenge)
Rubric for Report: 20 marks
Category
Failed
0-1
Partially
2
Mostly
3
Absolutely
4
Key Issue(s)
Did not identify Key Issues
Partially identified Key Issues
Mostly identified Key Issues
Absolutely identified Key Issues
Relevant Factors
Did not analyze Relevant Factors
Partially analyzed Relevant Factors
Mostly analyzed Relevant Factors
Absolutely analyzed Relevant Factors
Alternatives (Identify)
Did not develop realistic Alternatives
Partially developed realistic Alternatives
Mostly developed realistic Alternatives
Absolutely developed realistic Alternatives
Alternatives (Evaluate)
Did not evaluate Alternatives
Partially evaluated Alternatives
Mostly evaluated Alternatives
Absolutely evaluated Alternatives
Recommendation
Did not select a Recommendation to address key issues
Partially selected a Recommendation to address key issues
Mostly selected a Recommendation to address key issues
Absolutely selected a Recommendation to address key issues
Date of Submission: WEEK 6
BEST WISHES
Activity-Based Costing: A Tool for Manufacturing
Excellence
ABC is a strategic weaoon in the Quest for comoetitive oosition.
By Peter B.B. Turney, Ph.D.
This article exammes rne role of
actiVity-based costing in the
achievement of manufacturing ex-
cellence. It describes manufacturing
excellence and the product cost in-
formation requirements of managers
who seek to achieve it. It shows
how conventional product costing
fails to meet these needs, and dem-
onstrates how activity-based cost-
ing corrects these deficiencies. It
explains how managers in manufac-
turing companies can use activity-
based costing for strategic, product
design, and continuous improve-
ment purposes. Finally, the article
lays to rest fears that activity-based
costing may be too costly and com-
plex to be compatible with manu-
facturing excellence.
A chieving and sustaining a com-petitive advantage via manufac-
turing excellence requires attention
to all .
This modules animation What Is Communication provides background .docxhopeaustin33688
This module's animation What Is Communication? provides background for this assignment.
The six characteristics from which you should choose are:
Involves interdependent individuals
Is inherently rational
Exists on a continuum
Features verbal and nonverbal messages
Exists in varied forms
Varies in effectiveness
Write a 1-page essay that explains 2 of the 6 characteristics of interpersonal communication and illustrate how each one is demonstrated in your communication style. Include at least one quotation from your research. Cite your source in APA format.
.
▪Nursing Theory PowerPoint Presentation.This is a group project .docxhopeaustin33688
▪
Nursing Theory PowerPoint Presentation.
This is a group project this is my part…
Lydia Hall The 3 Cs Nursing Theory. (im doing the CORE, and the strengths and weakness of the whole theory)
WIKI Project Guideline:
1
4 to 6 slides plus a reference slide on the nursing theory
(THE CORE & the strengths and the weakness)
2 responsible to
create 2-3 voice-over PPT (FEMALE VOICE)
slides on their designated topic area.
3Please note that
APA
format is required within the PowerPoint presentation. Reference slides are required at the end of the presentation.
This assignment will be graded according to the following rubric:
Criteria
Points
WIKI content 8
APA in-text citation and reference page 4
Multimedia Inclusion 3
Total
15
.
••You are required to write a story; explaining and analyzing .docxhopeaustin33688
•
•
You are required to write a story;
explaining and analyzing
how a certain independent variable ( at the individual, group or organization levels) affects a
dependent
variable (
behaviour
or attitude),
•
You will freely select your story from “ life” : from college, home, neighborhood, a book , a video/ movie, TV…etc. as long as the
story has two clear dependent and independent variables.
•
You will finish with
a conclusion
that lists
both variables
and their
relationship (cause and effect).
.
•Required to read American Mashup A Popular Culture Reader. Ed. A.docxhopeaustin33688
•Required to read American Mashup: A Popular Culture Reader. Ed. Aaron Michael Morales. Boston: Pearson, 2012.
After reading Richard Willig’s “ ‘CSI Effect’ Has Juries Wanting More Evidence” in
American Mashup
on pages 204-210. Consider the types of sources Willig uses to support his main claims. please present at least four (4) specific examples of Willig’s sources. For each source, please identify what that person’s professional ability is and explain how that person’s position of authority helps Willig build his own credibility with readers.
.
• ntercultural Activity Presentation Final SubmissionResourc.docxhopeaustin33688
•
ntercultural
Activity Presentation Final Submission
Resources
•
Intercultural Activity Presentation Final Submission Scoring Guide
.
•
Writing Feedback Tool
.
•
APA Style and Format
.
•
Using Adobe Connect
.
By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
•
Competency 3:
Demonstrate knowledge, skills, and attitudes to increase intercultural competence.
•
Compare differing cultures.
•
Discuss the potential impact cultural differences have on communication efforts.
•
Competency 4:
Analyze how nonverbal communication (body language) influences intercultural communication.
•
Analyze how nonverbal communication affects intercultural communication.
•
Competency 5:
Communicate effectively in a variety of formats and contexts.
•
Integrate cross-cultural experiences with course material.
•
Write coherently to support a central idea in appropriate format with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics.
Instructions
This is the second part of your course project. For this assignment, create a 5–7 minute Adobe Connect video presentation with a visual component (PowerPoint) in which you narrate and describe an intercultural activity and experience. Complete the following for your presentation:
•
Engage in an intercultural activity or activities with a culture other than your own. You may focus on the same culture you investigated for your Unit 9 paper or choose one that is new to you; however, you must choose a different culture than the one from whom you interviewed someone in Unit 5. Some suggestions for activities to engage in include:
•
Eating at an ethnic restaurant.
•
Visiting a courthouse, jail, military installation, school, retirement home, and other ethnically-diverse institution.
•
Visiting a part of town that is culturally different.
•
Visiting or attending a service of another world religion.
•
Attending a celebration or an ethnically diverse craft fair.
•
Going to a shop that is associated with a particular ethnic group.
•
Visiting a school that teaches ESL (English as a Second Language) or ELL (English Language Learners).
•
Visiting an international student organization at a college or university.
•
Visiting or socializing with people from other cultures.
•
To add perspective and context to your presentation, gather resources such as informal interviews with people from the respective culture, corresponding text readings and articles, Web sites, and media presentations.
•
In your presentation, specifically address the following, using examples and illustrations from your intercultural experience(s) and the resources you collected:
•
Compare the culture you engaged in with your own.
•
Discuss the potential impact cultural differences have on communication.
•
Analyze how nonverbal communication affects intercultural communication.
•
Summarize your thoughts, questions, and viewpoints regarding your experience.
•
.
•Read Chapter 15 from your textbookEthical Controversy Ident.docxhopeaustin33688
•Read Chapter 15 from your textbook
Ethical Controversy
Identify a current ethical controversy that you want to learn more about in business, media, technology, medicine, or bioethics. Write a
three-page analysis
on the major sides in the controversy. In your analysis paper, you need to:
Define the issue and include the following details:
People involved
Field (business, media, technology, medicine, or bioethics)
Purpose
Time period
Discuss the major positions being taken in the debate.
Conclude with your own reflections and opinions on the subject.
Submission Requirements:
Write the paper in APA format including introduction, body, and conclusion.
Add the following sections in APA format:
Cover Page
Header
Page Numbers
References Page
Use 12-point Arial font and double space.
.
· ResearchWorks Cited Page (minimum of 5 reputable resources.docxhopeaustin33688
·
Research/Works Cited Page (minimum of 5 reputable resources And 5 Pages or 1400 words )
:
I need someone to write my research paper with minimum of 5 reputable reseources and 5 pages or 1400 words . And the the research topic is
Gay Issues.
Research
Clearly defined academic research
:
Did your display/project provide Theory, Data, Studies, Organizations,
Solution
s, Forms of Activism and/or Awareness?
Organization
is your information presented in a way that is well organized and coherent? When you verbally share what you know do you demonstrate an educated knowledge of the topic?
Time
did you put in time for planning, developing your project and to educate the class?
On the attachment I have attached my Presentation about
Gay Issues and My old work of writing so that you can write with same level of writing.
Gay Issues
.
‘The Other Side of Immigration’ Questions1. What does one spea.docxhopeaustin33688
‘
The Other Side of Immigration’ Questions
1. What does one speaker in the film mean by migration is not the problem? Do most Mexican immigrants want to stay in the US?
2. Describe how undocumented immigrants create a fantasy for those Mexicans planning to immigrate.
3. How does NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) play a part in the rural Mexicans’ inability to make a living? Be specific.
4. What is the significance of government not providing subsidies or revealing funding opportunities to the agricultural/pastoral communities?
5. Name two solutions to reducing undocumented immigration that were mentioned in the film. How would they work?
From the movie '
The Other Side of Immigration'
.
•Topic What is an ethical leader and how do ethical leaders differ .docxhopeaustin33688
•Topic: What is an ethical leader and how do ethical leaders differ from other leaders? What are the factors that promote or hinder the development of ethical leadership in organisations (e.g., personal characteristics of leaders and what characteristics of a leader‘s environment)?
• 2500 words (+/- 10%) in essay format
•Requirements: MINIMUM of 8 peer reviewed academic journal articles
–Text book or reference books are additional references
–General websites/blogs , newpapers, magazines are not acceptable references
•Submission method: Upload a soft copy of a Microsoft Word Document ( .doc or .docx format) to Turnitin on Moodle
•Correct Harvard Anglia referencing is important
.
·Term Paper International TerrorismDue Week 10 and worth .docxhopeaustin33688
·
Term Paper: International Terrorism
Due Week 10 and worth 200 points
Choose an international terrorist group from the following list, and use the Internet or Strayer databases to research the origin, purpose, and effects on the U.S. or targeted countries.
·
Hezbollah
·
HAMAS
·
Al Qaeda (AQ)
·
Al-Shabaab
·
Haqqani Network (HQN)
Write a ten to fifteen (10-15) page paper in which you:
6.
Provide a brief description of the group, and summarize its origins.
7.
Explain the group’s major motivation(s) (beliefs or causes), and / or its justification for engaging in terrorism.
8.
Describe the group’s major sources of both financial and non-financial support.
9.
Evaluate the importance of the group’s use of media to aid in its terrorist activities. Indicate, at a minimum, the group’s purpose for using the media, the image being portrayed, and the preferred methods of communication.
10.
Determine whether or not the group has a legitimate complaint or demand. Defend your response.
11.
Determine whether or not the group and its activities are of importance to the U.S., and explain the key reasons that they are or are not significant.
12.
Analyze the response of the U.S. to the group or its activities, regardless of whether or not either the group or its activities directly threaten or target the U.S. Determine whether or not that response has been effective. Support your answer with examples of such effectiveness—or the lack thereof.
13.
Suggest the major changes you would make geared toward increasing the efficiency of the U.S.’s response to the group. Justify your response.
14.
Use at least five (5) quality resources in this assignment
And
·
Assignment 5: Senior Seminar Project
Due Week 10 and worth 200 points
In Week 1, you chose a topic area and problem or challenge within that area. Throughout this course, you have researched the dynamics of the problem. The final piece of your project is to develop a viable solution that considers resources, policy, stakeholders, organizational readiness, administrative structures and other internal and external factors, as applicable. Using the papers you have written throughout this course, consolidate your findings into a succinct project.
Write a ten (10) page paper that as a minimum, your project should include:
1.
Identify the topical area (e.g., local police department, community jail, border patrol)
2.
Define a problem or challenge within your topical area that you understand in some depth or have an interest in (examples include high crime rate, poor morale, high levels of violence or recidivism, high number of civilian complaints of harassment, inadequate equipment). Outline the context of the problem or challenge, including the history and any policy decisions that have contributed to the situation.
3.
Describe how internal or external stakeholders have influenced the situation in a positive or negative way. How will you consider stakeholders in your so.
•Prepare a 4-5 page draft Code of Ethics paper sharing the following.docxhopeaustin33688
•Prepare a 4-5 page draft Code of Ethics paper sharing the following:
1) your world view; how you see good and bad, right and wrong, and how you respond to issues. Examine human resources management and
2) share your organization’s core values or principles.
Comment
3) on the validity of those values (are they consistent?).
4) How does everything you shared (#1, 2, 3) impact HR decisions in the workplace? Comment on how you see truth?
Is there such a thing as absolute truth? If so, what is it?
I want her on Wednesday morning at 10
.
·Sketch the context for, define, and tell the significanceafter.docxhopeaustin33688
·
Sketch the context for, define, and tell the significance/after-effect of each, in terms of late-19th & early-20th-century American history & culture: from Sinclair book (The Jungle)
200 word:
1-
1-
National Labor Relations Act (1935) & Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)
·
give the context for, define, and tell the significance/after-effect of each of the following, in terms of 20th-century US culture/history: from Englehardt book (The End of Victory Culture)
200 word:
1-1-
anti-war protests (1967-71) and the "counter-culture"
2-
2-
Vietnam Veterans Memorial (dedicated 1982) [not covered in book; see
http://virtualwall.org/
]
3-
3-
"Authorization of Use of Military Force against Terrorists" Resolution (Sept. 14, 2001)
·
Essays : 250 to 300 word please
choose one of these as you like:
1.
Why was Socialism considered a "radical" ideology and why didn't it flourish in early 20th century America?
2.
In what ways was the Progressive Era (1906-20) truly "progressive" or not; and the "New Deal" (1933-38) really "new" or not, especially in regards to the health, safety and daily lives of U.S. workers and consumers?
.
• Each thread is 650 words• Each thread and reply references at le.docxhopeaustin33688
• Each thread is 650 words
• Each thread and reply references at least 3 peer-reviewed sources and 1 biblical integration.
• All sources are cited in current APA format.
• Proper spelling and grammar are used.
• Sentences are complete, clear, and concise.
***Pepsi Launched a new global Branding campaign based on the cocept of live in the moment called "Live For Now." It did extensive research prior to the campaign's lauch. What research should be done to determine if the campaign is resonating with worldwide audiences?***
.
ØFind a Food borne epidemicIllness that occurred in the U.S. in.docxhopeaustin33688
Ø
Find a Food borne epidemic/Illness that occurred in the U.S. in the last 5 years
Ø
Describe what caused it, how it happened, and how it could have been prevented
Ø
What steps were taken to rectify the situation, both short term and long term
1-2 pages
.
Organizational BehaviorDisney Animation - John LasseterThe case focu.docxhopeaustin33688
Organizational BehaviorDisney Animation - John LasseterThe case focuses on John Lasseter, who currently is the creative head of Disney Animation Studios and Pixar Animation Studios, both of which are owned by The Walt Disney Company. The case chronicles Lasseter’s interests in animation from a young age, the relationship he developed with the Disney organization, his developing interest in computer-animation and consequent demise at Disney Studios, his subsequent award-winning success with computer animation at Pixar Studios, and his recent ascension to creative head of Disney’s Animation Studio as part of the Pixar-Disney merger.The case provides a marvelous illustration of the many types of interpersonal power ¾ reward, coercive, legitimate, referent, and expert that exist within an organization. The case also shows how power can be used to promote the well-being of the organization and its members or to benefit specific people’s interests at the expense of others’ interests. Herein, the two faces of power positive and negative come into play. Another linkage between the chapter material and the case occurs in the form of concerns about the ethical versus unethical use of power. Finally, the case can be used to explore the concepts of organizational politics and political behavior in organizations. Organizational politics often has a negative connotation, and some of the case facts lend themselves to reinforcing this negative connotation.Power and Politics in the Fall and Rise of John LasseterJohn Lasseter grew up in a family heavily involved in artistic expression. Lasseter was drawn to cartoons as a youngster. As a freshman in high school he read a book entitled The Art of Animation. The book, about the making of the Disney animated film Sleeping Beauty, proved to be a revelation for Lasseter. He discovered that people could earn a living by developing cartoons. He started writing letters to The Walt Disney Company Studios regarding his interest in creating cartoons. Studio representatives, who corresponded with Lasseter many times, told him to get a great art education, after which they would teach him animation.When Disney started a Character Animation Program at the California Institute of Arts film school, Lasseter enrolled in the program after encouragement from the studio. Classes were taught by extremely talented Disney animators who also shared stories about working with Walt Disney himself. During summer breaks, jobs at Disneyland further fueled Lasseter’s passion for working as an animator for Disney Studios. Full of excitement, Lasseter joined the Disney animation staff in 1979 after graduation. However, he soon met with disappointment.According to Lasseter, “[t]he animation studio wasn’t being run by these great Disney artists like our teachers at Cal Arts, but by lesser artists and businesspeople who rose through attrition as the grand old men retired.” Lasseter was told, “[y]ou put in your time for 20 years and do what you’r.
Organizational Behavior Case Study on LeadershipName Tan Yee .docxhopeaustin33688
Organizational Behavior Case Study on Leadership
Name: Tan Yee Li Fiona
Student ID: S3447594
Course: RMIT Business (Management)
Leadership, ethics and organizational failure in a post-colonial context: a case study of genocide in Rwanda.
Introduction
Groups, teams and states are major characteristics of organizational life. It is believed that majority of the organization’s practices need a lot of coordination through working as a team and a group.The leadership of an organization is important in terms of the development of the goals and objectives. Leaders within an organization are responsible for developing the goals and objectives of the organization. In most cases, the success of an organization is usually attributed to the leaders of the organization. The genocide in Rwanda was instigated by the hostility between the Hutu and Tutsi as a result of polarization of the two ethnic groups by the colonial era. The colonization process favored one group over the other. It is believed that the leadership of Rwanda at the time played a major role. Leadership in every country plays a major role in the unity of the nation and in fostering peace and co-existence between different ethnic groups. Therefore the leadership of Rwanda at the time failed to quell the existence of animosity between the Hutu and the Tutsi leading to the experience of genocide that led to mass killings. The paper aims at discussing leadership, ethics and organizational failure in a post-colonial context with a case study of genocide in Rwanda. Main emphasis is laid on organizational failure that instigated the genocide and in particular the correlation between the key leaders and geo-political relations (Scott, 1998).
Leadership traits and concepts
Leadership is considered as the ability to influence the followers towards the achievement of set goals and objectives. Leadership is closely related to management which is aimed at ensuring compliance from the organizational members. The trait theory of leadership is important in terms of defining leadership. The characteristics of the leader can be used for the determination of their leadership styles. According to the behavioral theories of leadership, the specific behaviors of the leaders differentiate the leaders from the non leaders. According to the traits theory of leadership, social, physical, personality or intellectual traits can be used for the purpose of differentiating the leaders from the non leaders. According to the theory, the leader is also supposed to be qualified and open. The contingency theory on the other hand analyzes the environment in which the leader operates. Situational leadership theory examines the ability of the followers to readily accept the instructions of the leaders. There are also various styles of leadership and it plays an important role in determining the potential of the leaders. The charismatic leaders usually portray unconventional behaviors and usually understand. On the other.
ORGANIZATIONAL ASSESSMENT WORKSHEET
Organizational Profile
This category is a snapshot of the organization, the key influences that affect how it operates, and the key challenges that it faces.
- Briefly describe the organization, including its services; its size; its geographic community; its key patient or customer groups; the number of patients it services; and its current facilities, equipment, and technology.
- Briefly describe the organization’s key challenges
Leadership
This category examines how the organizational leaders address values, directions, and performance expectations as well as how focused they are on customers, stakeholders, empowerment, innovation, and learning. This category also examines how the organization addresses its responsibilities to the public and how it supports the community.
- Based on the above indicators, describe one to three key strengths of the organization’s leadership.
- Based on the above indicators, describe one to three areas in which the organization’s leadership can improve.
Strategic Planning
This category examines how the organization develops strategic objectives and action plans and how progress toward the chosen strategic objectives is measured.
- Based on the above indicators, describe one to three key strengths of the organization’s strategic planning.
- Based on the above indicators, describe one to three areas of the organization’s strategic planning that can be improved.
Focus on Patients, Other customers, and Markets
This category examines how the organization determines requirements, expectations, and preferences of patients, other customers, and markets. It also examines how the organization builds relationships with patients and other customers and determines the key factors that lead to their acquisition, satisfaction, loyalty, and retention and to healthcare service expansion.
- Based on the above indicators, describe one to three key strengths in how the organization focuses on patients, other customers, and markets.
- Based on the above indicators, describe one to three opportunities that the organization can take to improve how it focuses on patients, customers, and markets.
Measurement, analysis, and Knowledge Management
This category examines how the organization selects, gathers, analyzes, manages, and improves its data, information, and knowledge assets.
- Based on the above indicators, describe one to three key strengths of the organization’s measurement, analysis, and knowledge management approaches.
- Based on the above indicators, describe one to three opportunities that the organization can take to improve its measurement, analysis, and knowledge management approaches.
Staff Focus
This category examines how the organization’s work systems and staff learning and motivation enable all staff to develop and utilize their full potential in alignment with the organization’s ove.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Operational Differences in International CompaniesResourcesDep.docx
1. Operational Differences in International Companies
Resources
Depending on whether a firm produces tangible (products that
require manufacturing or processing) or intangible goods
(services), its resource requirements will differ greatly.
Production management of tangible goods requires supply chain
management to acquire production materials in the most
efficient and cost-effective manner possible. The successful
management of a firm's supply chain utilizes a defined set of
process and steps to acquire the resources necessary for
production. This may also require operations managers to
decide the degree to which they can or should use vertical
integration to optimize supply chain efficiencies. Vertical
integration is the degree to which a firm decides to use its own
resources (by making them) or to purchase the resources from
an external supplier. If a firm decides to make the resources it
needs to produce its end product, it may purchase a supplier
firm and take the resource production "in-house" (Backward
Vertical Integration).
If a firm decides it would be best to distribute their products
themselves, rather than lose the profit margins to a distributor,
they may desire to purchase a distributorship and move that
function "in-house" (Forward Vertical Integration).
Conversely, firms may decide that the best efficiencies for
production and pricing occur when they purchase their resources
for production. In this case, procurement operations are a
critical facet of ensuring that resources are purchased at the
most favorable terms possible. In the international marketplace,
this function relies on strong multinational communications
techniques and continual foreign currency analysis in order to
optimize pricing. These operational decisions are complex and
require astute business analysisLocation
When determining the location for an international firm's
various facilities, operations managers must consider:
2. Country-related issues
· Resource availability - abundance and quality of workforce,
raw materials, clean water, etc.
· Cost - prohibitive or supportive of locating a business in that
location
· Infrastructure - technology, transportation systems,
regulations
· Branding - various nations have brand images associated with
them that can either enhance or diminish brand reputation
Product-related issues
· Transportation costs relative to the weight of the product can
impact profitability such that a specific location is not suitable
for production.
· Appropriate and efficient facility size (relative to anticipated
product sales)
Government policies
· The decision to locate a facility in a foreign nation is greatly
impacted by the stability of the political system.
· Tariffs and taxes can force firms to locate a facility within the
borders of a nation.
· Location decisions can be influenced by economic incentives
offered by certain host nations.
Operational issues
· Firms that have a low-cost strategy may locate in low-cost
locations, but a firm that relies on product quality will need to
locate facilities where there is an ample skilled labor force and
managerial expertise.
· Inventory management policies are impacted by plant location
determinations.
· Corporations balance the costs of maintaining inventory
against the costs of running out of materials and/or finished
goods.
3. · Just-in-time (JIT) inventory management systems exert
particular pressure on the factory location, since they require
strong reliance on suppliers to deliver needed resources at
precisely the correct point in the production process.
Organizational Congruence
Global firms operating in multiple nations face mounting
challenges in ensuring that standardized policies are managed
effectively across borders. Variances in political landscapes
including the degree of governmental controls, laws,
regulations, taxes, tariffs, human rights issues, labor systems,
and rules, all have an impact on the specific abilities of a
corporation to ensure smooth adherence to internal policies.
In addition to working to achieve consistent policies across
borders, operations managers are tasked with determining how
to manage the growing bank of knowledge about multinational
operations across borders. Effective knowledge management
creates efficiencies in production and other operational areas,
but the lack of strong knowledge management systems can
result in devastating loss of profits through attrition, inefficient
processes, or labor-intensive investments that recreate systems
and processes already successfully implemented in other
nations.
Operations Management in a Multi-Product Environment
Firms that produce multiple product lines, such as General
Electric or Kraft Foods, must manage their operations functions,
such as Supply Chain Management, across various product
lines. When the global differences between nations are factored
into this management process, it is quite easy to see how
complex the global operations management process becomes.
Some of the complexities when managing multiple product lines
include:
· Management of an increasing number of suppliers and supplier
relationships.
· Production lines may have increasing numbers of components
and final products in inventory.
· Product planners have increased difficulty in scheduling and
4. allocating finished goods across multiple factories and sales
channels and any change in the supply chain can have a domino
effect on other areas of the organization or even the customer
base.
Strong operations management uses technical analysis to
measure the cost and benefit of product line complexities, and
determine the correct production proportions to maximize
profits. Consider the five-step process to operation management
of product complexities.
Step 1: The first step is to identify which cost areas are
impacted by product line complexity. To avoid overlooking
hidden costs, conduct a thorough review of material,
information, and financial flows along the value chain.
Step 2: The next step is to estimate the effects of complexity in
each cost area on a per-unit basis. This includes analyzing the
costs for each component's inputs, as well as the expected net
revenues, other costs including marketing, and inputs such as
factory capacities and retail order lead-time.
Step 3: This is basically a method for establishing a cutoff point
at which the business would not be profitable for a specific
product. Each product in the portfolio must meet business
objectives and contribute acceptable contribution margin (VCM)
to offset these complexities.
Step 4: Increased product line complexity can yield benefits as
well as costs. Benefits include greater consumer choice,
increased shelf space at retailers, increased consumer
mindshare, and reduced pricing transparency.
Step 5: The last step involves eliminating products under
consideration for which the projected margin contributions do
not exceed the thresholds assigned. At its most basic level, this
is simply a product-by-product comparison of projected margin
impacts against the measured cost thresholds.How are
operations management and operations strategy related?
International operations management refers to the
transformation-related activities of an international firm. The
5. overall objective of operations management is to create the
opportunity or potential to create superior value for the firm by
efficiently managing all operational components of the
business. Operations strategies are developed from the
competitive priorities of an organization, which include: low
cost, high quality, fast delivery, flexibility, and service.
If a firm is pursuing a differentiation strategy, then management
of the operations must result in products or services that are
clearly different from the firm's competitors. In a low-cost
strategy, operations management must effectively create
efficiencies throughout its operations, which allow the business
to price their product as a low-cost leader.
Both large and small firms, global or otherwise, engage in the
execution of their vision and mission through the development
and implementation of strategies designed to expand, or grow,
their profits in order to maximize their shareholder wealth. This
is the overall objective of a business. But, how do they
implement the business strategies once they have been
identified?
These strategies consist of objectives and actions that, when
successful, achieve the desired result. But, in order to be
successful, the strategic business actions must be translated into
operational strategies that not only synergistically align with
the business strategies, but have the capacity for success
through appropriate allocations of resources, facilities,
application of policies and compliance, adherence to
regulations, marketing objectives, logistical support, finance
and pricing, technological infrastructure, and a host of other
considerations. In other words, there must be strong
management of the operations components of the business that
are soundly integrated across functions (cross-functionality) in
order to increase the likelihood of successfully achieving the
business strategies. This requires the development of precise
operations strategies.
In the international environment, operations strategies are
increasingly complex, as firms must not only consider the
6. efficiencies and success of internal operations in relation to
firm strategy, but they must also analyze and develop operations
strategies that can successfully create efficiencies and success
in multiple regions and nations, whose laws, environment,
culture, politics, and technological and logistical considerations
are vastly different.
The differences that exist within a host nation and between
multinational environments are capable of reducing productivity
through inefficiencies and waste, and through the impact of
policies and regulations across borders. How firms identify,
analyze, and prepare or respond to these cross-border
differences can greatly impact their profitability or even their
ability to remain in business.
When products and services are produced using systematic
production techniques that are standardized across a company,
firms can and should use the same systems across borders in
order to create greater efficiencies. But when various foreign
markets require a firm to use unique operations, global
integration of systems is difficult, and often not possible.The
Finance Function in the International Environment
Financing
A CFO can reduce a group's tax bill by, for example, borrowing
in countries with high tax rates and lending to operations in
countries with lower rates. But the global CFO needs to be
aware of the downsides of strategic financing. Saddling the
managers of subsidiaries with debt, for instance, can cloud their
profit performance.
Risk Management
Instead of managing currency exposures through the financial
market, global firms can offset natural currency exposures
through their worldwide operations. Doing so, however, can
obscure the performance of local units, making it harder for
headquarters to assess local managers and easier for financial
managers to take purely speculative positions.
Capital Budgeting
CFOs can add value by getting smarter about valuing
7. investment opportunities. But adopting an overly formal
approach may tempt managers to game the system and can lead
to an outcome at odds with the company's objectives.
As corporations go global, capital markets open up within them,
giving companies a powerful mechanism for arbitrage across
national financial markets. But in managing their internal
markets to build an advantage, Chief Financial Officers (CFOs)
must balance the opportunities with the challenges of operating
in multiple environments. By exploiting their internal capital
markets, CFOs can create value in three functions:
1. Come to some kind of conclusion about the restaurant market.
What alternative methods of distribution of the product should
be considered? Is it most appropriate initially.
Running head: COUNTRY RESEARCH 1
CONTRACT – COUNTRY RESEARCH 2
Country Research
Areas of Influence
Current State in France
Political
France is a politically stable country that is led by an elected
President. The French government is democratic in nature and
this favors businesses in that country. When it comes to
security, the government has an able police force to protect
people and businesses from criminal activities. This makes that
country suitable for international business. If a company would
wish to expand its business to France then it would not be a bad
idea as the business would be assured of its security as the
country has good security agencies and is also politically stable.
Socio-Cultural
French people are still struggling to ensure that their culture
remains relevant in this ever-changing world. Although the U.S
boasts of having people of diverse cultures. France is mainly
8. made up of French speaking people. Therefore, it would be
crucial for people doing business to study French as most of the
people in that country speak that language.
Apart from that, French business people always observe
neatness and fashion as they engage with potential business
people. Therefore, one should be neatly dressed and well
groomed in order to win their first impression.
French people are not always in a hurry in order to save time.
Therefore, it would be wise for a business to allow its workers
to have a good time for social interaction during breaks. When
doing business with French clients, it is paramount for one to
win their trust in order for a long-term business relationship to
be developed.
Economic
France is highly developed just as its neighbors like Germany
and Britain. Its annual Gross Domestic Product is extremely
high and this shows that the country is economically stable.
Though some countries, such as the United States of America,
were hit by an economic meltdown, France was affected
minimally and has since recovered. A company expanding its
market to France would face stiff competition from other
domestic and international firms operating in that country.
Therefore, a company expanding its market to France should use
many of the marketing strategies to ensure that the company
does not incur losses. Apart from that, the country has many
educated people hence it would be easy to find well-trained
workers in that country. However, the French government
imposes high taxes on business when compared to other
countries and this can affect businesses that are not used to such
high taxes. Apart from that, France does not have a free market
economy, but one that is slightly regulated by the government.
This can affect businesses. However, the government is trying
to privatize some of its property.
Geographic
France is the largest country when compared to the other
countries within the European union. Therefore, it would be
9. suitable for a business, as it would enjoy a wide customer base
in that country. It also has many urban centers as well as rural
areas to suit the needs of various businesses. However, the
southern part of France is prone to earthquakes and these could
lead to destruction of property and loss of lives. Some areas,
which are covered by forests, are also prone to forest fires,
which could have negative impacts on international business.
Technology
France is a highly developed country since it has well-
developed infrastructure. Their advanced use of roads, railway
systems and airports ensure that people travel efficiently from
one point to another, have adequately networked the country.
Communication systems are also advanced as there are both
satellite and fiber optic systems throughout the country. These
systems ensure that both people and businesses get access to the
internet.
Legal/Regulatory
There are many laws in the Republic of France which guide how
businesses operate. Apart from that, those laws govern how:
taxation is to take place, auditing, employment, trading and
banking. These laws ensure that businesses are protected from
market failures such as monopoly. Apart from that, they ensure
that employees are treated well. Child labor and discrimination
is not allowed. However, taxes affect business operations, but
generally, France is a great country for conducting business.
References
Etiquette outreach. (2012). French-American Cultural
Differences in Business. Retrieved on April 11, 2014 from:
http://www.etiquetteoutreach.com/blog_new-york-etiquette-
guide/bid/83338/French-American-Cultural-Differences-in-
Business
About-France. (2014). The French economy: strengths and
weaknesses. Retrieved on April 11, 2014 from: http://about-
france.com/geo/french-economy.htm
10. Company Selection
Artemis hotel is considering expansion in France. The prospects
of growth in the next five years are some of the key factors that
management is interested in to help it make this key strategic
decision.
1. Industry and Company forecasted growth rates over the next
5-10 years
a. Positive
i. Expanding into the French market will help Artemis hotel add
French dishes that it does not offer traditionally.
ii. Additional branches opened in France will help in increasing
the revenue for Artemis hotel
b. Negative
i. The eating habits in France may limit the number of products
offered, since there is high preference for French meals
ii. Over the next 5-10 years growth in France could be limited
to major towns
2. Key Risk Factors in your industry and company
a. Overall growth of hotel industry was 4% for financial year
2012-2013(Hospitality net, 2014), this is a low growth rate
considering the high inflation rates.
b. Popular brands are always at risk of being counterfeited.
3. Current financials for your company
a. Artemis hotel currently operates in Greece and Amsterdam.
The company has acquired a loan of $500,000.00 USD to
facilitate initial expansion into the French Market.
4. Government Regulatory outlook
a. The France government is strict on the requirement for
facilities to be used by disabled clients and staff.
b. More regulations on sanitation and safety are expected to be
implemented next year, in 2015 (Edward, C. 2013).
5. Competitive Landscape In the U.S. and in your target country
a. The American market is more competitive, since the market
absorbs more competition compared to France
6. Quality of foreign staffers
a. How trained or educated are they - or will they need to be and
11. how quickly could their skill sets meet your needs?
i. Most of the workers that are available in France are
specifically trained for French cuisine and hospitality. This may
require importation of staff with knowledge on international
meals and hospitality guidelines that may not be found in
France.
References
Edward, C. (2013). France drowning in rules and regulations,
critics say. Washington: Washington Post
Hospitality Net, (2014). French Hotel Industry Performances.
France
Five Forces Analysis
Environmental Forces
Challenge
Generic Strategy
Justifications
Industry and Company forecasted growth rates over the next 5-
10 years
7. The eating habits in France may limit the number of products
offered, since there is high preference for French meals
8. Over the next 5-10 years, growth in France could be limited
to major towns
Develop Partnerships
Developing partnerships with major firms in France and other
countries. These alliances manifest a strategic determination to
adopt an overall approach of group to group that is beneficial
for both customers and partners (Peichl, Pestel and Siegloch,
2013). The company also focuses on their employees, training,
and social advancement.
Key Risk Factors in your industry and company
a. Overall growth of hotel industry was 4% for financial year
2012-2013 (Hospitality net, 2014); this is a low growth rate
considering high inflation rates.
b. Popular brands are always at risk of being counterfeited
12. Develop center of expertise
The hotel has to leverage itself for the experience to develop
skill platforms of high level; interconnected units will extend
throughout the business and create a unique system. Sharing of
the best practices and the pooling of costs will enhance
performance at the hotel’s brands, give support to the hotel
owners and guarantee the customers availability of the best
services.
Current financials for your company
a. Artemis hotel currently operates in Greece and Amsterdam.
The company has acquired a loan of $500,000.00 USD to
facilitate initial expansion into the French Market.
Divestments of non-strategic businesses
The hotel can carry out non-strategic assets’ disposal such as,
the sale of its subsidiary hotels into consortiums that are special
situations in several parts of the market.
Government Regulatory outlook
a. The French government is strict on the requirement for
facilities to be used by disabled clients and staff.
b. More regulations on sanitation and safety are expected to be
implemented in 2015.
Make improvements on political influence
Artemis hotel should be influenced by the political and
legislative conditions of France. In the hotel industry, Artemis
Hotel does not face a huge threat due to the good relations
within the country.
Competitive Landscape In the U.S. and in your target country
a. The American market is more competitive, since the market
absorbs more competition compared to France
Implementing their intended goals in France
All marketing plans must include a control component of the
actual performance comparable to planned performance.
Through collecting performance data, the gaps between the
objectives and performance will be evaluated regularly to
13. pursue required corrective action (Shilei and Yong, 2009).
Quality of foreign staffers
a. How trained or educated are they - or will they need to be and
how quickly could their skill sets meet your needs?
i. Most of the workers that are available in France are
specifically trained for French cuisine and hospitality. This may
require importation of staff with knowledge on international
meals and hospitality guidelines that may not be found in
France.
Enforce training and development
Human resource managing the demands of the employees, as
well as a reduction of undesired turnover. Other components
include: the development of a succession plan, layoff plan,
promotion policies, and ensuring compliance with local labor
laws; these policies focus on career advancement through
training (Yüksel, 2012).
References
Peichl, A., Pestel, N., & Siegloch, S. (2013). The politicians'
wage gap: Insights from german members of parliament. Public
Choice, 156(3-4), 653-676.
Shilei, L., & Yong, W. (2009). Target-oriented obstacle analysis
by PESTEL modeling of energy efficiency retrofit for existing
residential buildings in china's northern heating region. Energy
Policy, 37(6), 2098.
Yüksel, I. (2012). Developing a multi-criteria decision making
model for PESTEL analysis.
International Journal of Business and Management, 7(24), 52-
66.
SWOT Analysis
POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
Internal
STRENGTHS
· Political stability
· Security
14. · Economy
· Technology
WEAKNESSES
· Predictable culture
· Neatness and fashion
· Open to many visitors
External
OPPORTUNITIES
· Growth of tourism
· New potential Market
· Expanding economy
THREATS
· Emerging culture
· World insecurity
· Dynamic Market
Political stability is an important factor for a business or a
country to succeed, because politics influence the other areas of
the business’ environment, for instance, people cannot invest in
a war-torn or unpredictable country. The security position of a
country at the World Arena is also crucial for investment.
Economically, France is a relatively stable country since it has
not been hit by the wave of economic meltdown that was
experienced by other developed countries. This country has a
high number of educated people, which is contributory in the
motivation of business. Being a developed country, France has
an advanced level of technology that can assist in the growth
and expansion of business; its geographical location is also
significant in the attraction of many international visitors.
Though, this proximity to other countries is also an issue
because it encourages counterfeits, which can interfere with the
genuine market.
While culture has been an instrument for economic and business
growth, France is being faced by threats caused by the
infiltration of new cultures into its society; which has made the
French culture begin to lose its luster. Culture can also work
15. against this situation because the French are need and also love
fashion; this can discourage people from associating with them
as far as business is concerned. Running an international hotel
may be difficult because citizens tend to prefer French food and
may not be willing to try international cuisines. Another issue
may be that some citizens are not welcoming towards people of
other nationalities, so a hotel with diverse employees may not
be embraced. Also, it is important to keep in mind that many
customers may be tourists.
References
Etiquette outreach. (2012). French-American Cultural
Differences in Business. Retrieved on April 11, 2014 from:
http://www.etiquetteoutreach.com/blog_new-york-etiquette-
guide/bid/83338/French-American-Cultural-Differences-in-
Business
About-France. (2014). The French economy: strengths and
weaknesses. Retrieved on April 11, 2014 from: http://about-
france.com/geo/french-economy.htm