Operation ezra and nehemiah (ali baba)
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Operation Ezra and Nehemiah was the exodus of over 120,000 Jews from Iraq to Israel between 1950 and 1951. The Iraqi government had been persecuting Jews and made emigration to Israel illegal, but then passed a bill in 1950 allowing Jews to leave. The Iraqi prime minister organized an airlift to encourage Jews to depart as he wanted to remove Jews from Iraq. Between May 1951 and early 1952, over 120,000 Iraqi Jews were airlifted to Israel, leaving only around 6,000 Jews remaining in Iraq.
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The document summarizes the long history of the Arab-Israeli conflict, beginning in the 19th century with the rise of Jewish Zionism and Arab nationalism in Palestine under declining Ottoman rule. It describes the British mandate after World War I, the creation of Israel in 1948 and subsequent wars, the occupation of Palestinian territories after 1967, and peace efforts including the Oslo Accords. Ongoing issues include Israeli settlements, the situation in Gaza, and the challenges of achieving a lasting peace agreement.
ISRAEL PAPER
The document provides an overview of Israel, including its demographics, socio-cultural aspects, legal/bureaucratic environment, and economic climate. It notes that Israel has a population of over 6 million Jews and over 1.5 million Arabs. Culturally, Israel contains a diverse, multi-ethnic society with Jews and Arabs maintaining their unique identities. Israel has a parliamentary legal system based on western principles with courts that oversee civil, criminal, military, and religious matters. Economically, Israel is a leader in new technologies and partnerships with countries like India.
Ss7 hb
The modern State of Israel was established in 1948 for several historical reasons: the longstanding Jewish religious connection to the land of Israel, the Holocaust in Europe which killed millions of Jews, the rise of anti-Semitism and persecution of Jews in Europe, and the Zionist movement which advocated for the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.
INT-244 topic 3a Israeli-Palestinian Conflict
The document summarizes the ongoing conflict between Israel and Hamas in Gaza. It provides background on the Jewish and Palestinian narratives surrounding claims to the land. On October 7, 2023, Hamas launched over 5,000 rockets into Israel, killed 1,200 civilians, and took 239 hostages in Gaza. Israel responded by bombing Hamas and invading Gaza to remove Hamas and rescue the hostages. There are calls for a ceasefire, but Hamas has vowed to continue attacking Israel until it no longer exists. The future of the conflict and governance of Gaza remain uncertain.
Cahpter 23
The document provides an overview of the geography, history, and politics of several countries in Southwest Asia. It discusses how the Ottoman Empire once united the region's diverse peoples under Islamic rule. After World War I, European powers divided up the former Ottoman lands between them. The creation of Israel as a Jewish homeland led to conflict with neighboring Arab states. The document then summarizes the modern histories and challenges facing countries like Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq.
Chapter 23
The document provides an overview of the geography, history, and politics of several countries in Southwest Asia. It discusses how the Ottoman Empire once ruled over diverse peoples in the region, and how European powers divided up the Ottoman lands after World War I. It also summarizes the creation of Israel and resulting Arab-Israeli conflicts, Jordan's changing demographics and economy, Lebanon's struggles with civil war, geographic and economic factors in Syria, and a series of conflicts that have occurred in Iraq.
The Demographic Transformation
The document analyzes demographic changes in Jerusalem during the British Mandate period from 1922-1948 and discusses the border issues related to Jerusalem. It provides population statistics from censuses that show a large increase in the Jewish population compared to Arab populations in Jerusalem during this period. It discusses Zionist strategies to increase the Jewish population, including through immigration. The document also examines the reactions to the 1947 UN partition plan and 1949 Armistice Agreements that divided Jerusalem.
Rootsof arab israeliconflict
This document provides background information on Zionism and the establishment of Israel in the early 20th century. It discusses key events like the Balfour Declaration, Arab revolts in Palestine in the 1930s, and the 1947 UN partition plan. The document also examines Britain's contradictory promises to Jews and Arabs in Palestine after WW1, which laid the groundwork for ongoing conflict over the land. By limiting Jewish immigration and land purchases in 1939, Britain exacerbated Arab-Jewish tensions and set the stage for war following Israel's declaration of independence in 1948.
Basic Statistics
1) In the late 19th century, the population of Palestine was predominantly Arab Muslim and Christian at around 96.8%, while Jews made up only 3.2% of the population. Jewish immigration increased this percentage to 11% by 1922 and 16.9% by 1931.
2) The UN partition plan of 1947 gave 43% of the land to Arabs despite making up over two-thirds of the population, and 56% to Jews who comprised around one-third. Israel declared statehood in 1948 amid mass displacement and expulsion of Palestinians.
3) From 2000-2007, over 4,000 Palestinians were killed by Israelis including 816 children, while 1,021 Israelis were killed by Palestinians including 119 children,
Basic Statistics
1) In the late 19th century, the population of Palestine was overwhelmingly Arab, with Jews making up only about 3% of the population. British policies in the early 20th century increased Jewish immigration and settlement in Palestine.
2) The UN partition plan of 1947 gave 56% of the land to Jews despite them comprising only one third of the population, fueling Arab opposition. Israel declared statehood in 1948 through superior military organization and the expulsion of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians.
3) From 1967 onward, Israel occupied the West Bank and Gaza, displacing hundreds of thousands more Palestinians and imposing restrictions on the Palestinian population. Peace efforts since the 1990s have failed to establish a viable Palestinian state.
The dream of zion
The document discusses Zionism and its connection to Judaism, Freemasonry, and the desire to build a Jewish homeland in Israel. It provides background on Zionism's origins in the late 19th century and its goal of establishing a Jewish state. It also discusses misconceptions about Zionism, debates over the boundaries of Greater Israel, and Zionist aspirations to rebuild Solomon's Temple near the Al-Aqsa Mosque, raising tensions with Palestinians. Prophecies are cited suggesting future conflict between Muslims and Jews until the coming of Hazrat Mahdi and Jesus.
Israel 101
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Operation ezra and nehemiah (ali baba)
- 1. Operation Ezra and Nehemiah (Ali Baba) The exodus of over 120,000 Jews from Iraq to Israel (c. 1950, 1951) The name of the operation is derived from the biblical story about Ezra and Nehemiah
- 2. Timeline Early 1940s • Anti-Semitic propaganda, esp. anti-Zionist propaganda incites feelings of anger against the Jews of Iraq 1947 • The Iraqi government makes emigration to Mandatory Palestine (Israel) illegal 1948 • The Jewish State, Israel is established. In response, the Iraqi government deems Zionism a capital offense. 1949 • Jewish persecution reaches an all time high (many Jews are falsely accused of Zionist ties, and membership) 1950 • The Iraqi government passes a special bill allowing Iraqi Jews to emigrate. (2) In September of that year, Nuri Al-Said becomes prime minister of Iraq … his agenda is blatant: to get as many Jews out of Iraq as possible. 1951 • The Iraqi government (under Nuri Al-Said) organizes an airlift operation. Nuri Al-Said encourages Iraqi Jews to leave, or he will “bring them to the borders himself.” (2) 50,000 Iraqi Jews sign up within the first month, and 90,000 within the next two. The Iraqi Zionist movement calls for Jews to sign-up … and the numbers continue to grow. (3) Between May 1951 and early 1952, over 120,000 Iraqi Jews are airlifted to Israel. Only 6,000 Jews remained in Iraq …
- 3. The Importance of Operation Ezra and Nehemiah The biggest modern exodus What’re the implications for Israel? What’re Implications for Iraq’s remaining Jews?
- 4. How is Operation Ezra and Nehemiah relevant? It is a product of nationalism Provides insight on currents issues / relationships