The document discusses open access to research publications and data in Europe. It provides background on the key players and policies related to open access, including the European Commission's role as a policy maker and funder of research infrastructure. It outlines the status of open access policies up to 2013, the goals of making 60% of research publications openly accessible by 2016 and 100% for projects funded by Horizon 2020. Requirements for both open access to publications and research data are discussed. The development of research data infrastructures across disciplines and countries is highlighted as important for enabling open science.

1. LERU Rectors' Assembly
17 May 2013, Leiden
Open Access
to
Research
Publications
and Data

2. http://slidesha.re/LERU_oa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/

3. Carl-Christian Buhr
@ccbuhr
http://bit.ly/cc_buhr

4. (...but I am speaking in a personal capacity.)

5. Europe
http://europarl.europa.eu/
http://consilium.europa.eu/
Parliament
Council
Member States

6. The European Commission as...
...Policy Maker
Launches policy debates
Invites Member States to take action
Proposes EU legislation
...Funding Agency
e.g. Research & Innovation
Access policies for funded research
...Infrastructure Builder
Funds research infrastructures
Funds related research
Supports networking activities

7. http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/

8. http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/
Máire Geoghegan-Quinn

9. @NeelieKroesEU
http://bit.ly/NeelieKroesEU
http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/

10. http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda

12. Main Actions:
More ICT R&D&I
More pooling of resources

13. Waiting for the Budget...
February 2013: European Council
Agreement on the
Multi-Annual Financial Framework
(2014-2020)

14. ca. EUR 71bn, 3 pillars:
1. Excellence (ca. 23%)
2. Competitiveness (ca. 38%)
3. Societal Challenges (ca. 39%)
Health, Transport,
Energy, Food, Climate,
Security & Innovation
& Inclusion

15. Open Access
in Europe
On the Road
to 2020

16. Optimize impact of publicly-funded research
Faster growth: Better exploitation of
research results for and by innovative
industry in the ERA – products come
faster to the market;
Greater efficiency: foster collaboration
and avoid duplication of effort;
More transparency: Involve citizens and
society in the scientific process
Why Open Access?

17. Strong political support
“Scientific information has the
power to transform our lives
for the better – it is too
valuable to be locked away.”
“The question is no longer ‘if’
we should have open access. The
question is about ‘how’ we
should develop it further and
promote it.”
“Access to scientific results for
free, for all, for ever is a
compelling vision indeed.”

18. Digital Agenda &
Open Access
“[…] publicly funded research should
be widely disseminated through Open
Access publication of scientific
data and papers”
A Digital Agenda for Europe (COM(2010)245, 19.05.2010),
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52010DC0245(01):EN:NOT
“[…] the Commission will
appropriately extend current
Open Access publication
requirements […]”

19. “[...] the Commission will propose a
European Research Area framework and […]
open access to publications and data from
publicly funded research”.
Innovation Union (COM(2010)546, 06.10.2010),
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52010DC0546:EN:NOT
“The Commission [...] will aim
to make open access to
publications the general
principle for projects funded
by the EU research Framework
Programmes […]”
Innovation Union &
Open Access

20. What is open access (OA)
to publications?
Online access
at no charge to the user
(more detail: BOAI (2001) and BOAI10 (2012))
OA comes after a decision to publish =>
no mandatory publishing

21. How to make
a publication OA?
Gold OA: Publication in an OA journal, payment
by the author, immediately accessible
Issues: Hybrid journals (mixing OA/non-OA
content), amount of author charges, licenses
& use/re-use rights
Green OA: Deposit of peer-reviewed manuscripts
in an OA repository, short embargo acceptable
Issues: length of embargo, ensuring deposit &
availability, licenses & use/re-use rights

23. What about OA to Data?
What?
Online access at no charge to the user.
(but clear re-use rights even more important!)
How?
Deposit in data repository/infrastructure
Links to related publications

24. Status Quo
until 2013
http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/open_access
OA to Publications
Covers 20% FP7 budget
Best effort mandate
Embargo (6/12m)
Costs reimbursable
OA to Data
Some projects
Not systematic

25. 17 July 2012
Commission Communication
& Recommendation to MS
on Scientific Information

26. Goals
2014: OA policies in all MS
2016: 60% OA in Europe
2014-2020: H2020 100% OA

27. What's planned
Publications
OA Mandate
(Green/Gold, Embargo 6/12m)
&
OA to Data Pilot
Image Credits
Green: http://www.flickr.com/photos/spool32/4633177036/
Gold: http://www.flickr.com/photos/27117418@N07/2557960827/

28. Conclusions of policy review
Disparate follow-up to 2007 EU initiative
No clear OA obligations in many MS
 2007 policy needs to be updated
Commission Recommendations
Complete set of recommendations to MS
Consistency between H2020/MS policies
OA to publications
OA to data (with some caveats)
Accompanying measures
OA in the Member States

29. Now it's
the infrastructure, stupid

30. http://bit.ly/riding_the_wave
”the data themselves become the infrastructure”.
http://bit.ly/geantEG

31. http://bit.ly/riding_the_wave
”the data themselves become the infrastructure”.
http://bit.ly/geantEG
Digital European
Research
Area

32. Building Infrastructures
http://www.openaire.eu
http://www.eudat.eu/
http://europeana.eu
maintain, link, extend
plus
http://www.prace-project.eu
http://www.geant.net

33. http://www.allea.org/Pages/ALL/33/144.bGFuZz1FTkc.html

34. http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/10/716
"[T]ruly free access to scientific data is not
possible without a coordinated effort of
European and global stakeholders to build and
sustain an underlying seamless and trusted
infrastructure."
http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?
reference=SPEECH/12/392
"[Interoperability] is the key to
global, multi-disciplinary science,
supported by reliable and high-
performance data infrastructure. We
need datasets and software to work
with each other"

35. Public Consultation on Research
Data Infrastructures in H2020
closed 27/3/2013

36. Preliminary Conclusions
Research Data is an Infrastructure for modern science
Crossing disciplinary and geographic boundaries requires
exploring the commonalities of data infrastructures
"Draft priorities" for H2020 e-Infrastructures include:
- e-Infrastructures for Open Access
- Managing, preserving and computing big data
- Community-driven advanced data services
- Centres of Excellence for computing applications
- Supercomputing for data-driven applications
- Development of data-centric science skills
- GÉANT/research networking

37. https://www.icordi.eu/
Facilitating Global Collaboration

38. http://rd-alliance.org/
Top-down or Bottom-up? Both!

39. A propos...
https://ec.europa.eu/licences-for-europe-dialogue/node/7
COM(2012)789: On content in the Digital Single Market

40. Pointers
The EC and open access
http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/open_access
Communication & Recommendation on Scientific Information
http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/12/790
http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/index.cfm?fuseaction=public.topic&id=1301&lang=1
Relevant Speeches by Neelie Kroes
http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/10/518
http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/10/716
http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/12/218
http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/12/258
http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/12/392
Data Expert Group Report: “Riding the wave” http://bit.ly/riding_the_wave
GÉANT Expert Group: “Knowledge without Borders”
http://bit.ly/geantEG
Horizon 2020 proposal
http://ec.europa.eu/research/horizon2020/index_en.cfm
Budapest Open Access Initiative
http://www.opensocietyfoundations.org/openaccess/read
http://www.soros.org/openaccess/boai-10-recommendations
Contacts
<web>http://bit.ly/{NeelieKroesEU, cc_buhr}</web>
<twitter>@NeelieKroesEU, @ccbuhr</twitter>
<facebook>http://on.fb.me/Neelie_Kroes</facebook>

41. http://slidesha.re/LERU_oa
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
Thank you!

42. Add-On: What next for
Open Science?
Policy
Who will run science data infrastructures?
Towards a common approach in Europe
International coordination
Funding
Build on PRACE, GÉANT, OpenAIREplus etc.
infrastructures to cope with “Big Data”
Drive research into tools & methods
Community Building
For example: Digital Humanities;
Europeana as a research