This document discusses open access and institutional repositories in Western Africa. It defines open access as free availability of scholarly works online, and describes the benefits as unrestricted access to knowledge and reduced distribution costs. There are two main routes to open access - open access journals ("gold road") and institutional repositories of publications ("green road"). Building institutional repositories can increase research visibility and impact. While some universities in Africa have started repositories, adoption remains limited. Steps to building a repository include choosing software, populating it with content, and addressing intellectual property issues.