The African Open Science Platform (AOSP) is a new initiative funded by the South African government and managed by the Academy of Science of South Africa to promote open data practices in Africa. It will focus on developing data policies, assessing infrastructure needs, training programs, and raising awareness of open science. By making African research data more accessible and reusable, the AOSP aims to increase collaboration and spur new discoveries to benefit society. However, challenges include managing intellectual property, protecting privacy, expanding internet access, and incentivizing data sharing. In its first year, the AOSP will work to engage stakeholders across Africa and identify existing open science initiatives and data repositories.
The document summarizes the African Open Science Platform (AOSP), which aims to promote open data practices across Africa. It is funded by South Africa's Department of Science and Technology and managed by the Academy of Science of South Africa. The AOSP will focus on developing data policies, training, identifying infrastructure needs, and raising awareness of open science. Its goals are to increase data sharing, foster collaboration, and accelerate research across the continent by making data more accessible and reusable.
The document summarizes the African Open Science Platform (AOSP), which aims to promote open data practices across Africa. It is funded by South Africa's Department of Science and Technology and managed by the Academy of Science of South Africa. The AOSP will focus on developing data policies, training, and identifying infrastructure needs to establish a networked platform for open data across the continent. Its goals are to increase collaboration, data sharing and reuse, and accelerate discovery. A preliminary survey found interest among African stakeholders in training, stewardship, and policy development around research data.
High-level Meeting & Workshop on Environmental and Scientific Open Data for Sustainable Development Goals in Developing Countries. Madagascar, 4-6 December 2017
The African Open Science Platform (AOSP) aims to promote open data and open science across Africa. It is funded by the National Research Foundation of South Africa and managed by the Academy of Science of South Africa. AOSP focuses on developing policy frameworks, infrastructure, capacity building initiatives, and incentives to encourage data sharing across four key areas. It has already held several workshops and events in its first two years and outlines further actions and deliverables to advance open science in Africa.
The document summarizes the African Open Science Platform (AOSP). It discusses that AOSP aims to coordinate open science activities across Africa to increase collaboration, data sharing and reuse. It is focused on four key areas: establishing an open data forum, funding research infrastructure initiatives, funding transdisciplinary research projects, and developing open data policies. The ultimate goals are to accelerate discovery through open data, attract more funding, and contribute to global knowledge. AOSP is funded by the National Research Foundation of South Africa and managed by the Academy of Science of South Africa.
The document summarizes the African Open Science Platform (AOSP), which aims to promote open data practices across Africa. It is funded by South Africa's Department of Science and Technology and managed by the Academy of Science of South Africa. The AOSP will focus on developing data policies, training, identifying infrastructure needs, and raising awareness of open science. Its goals are to increase data sharing, foster collaboration, and accelerate research across the continent by making data more accessible and reusable.
The document summarizes the African Open Science Platform (AOSP), which aims to promote open data practices across Africa. It is funded by South Africa's Department of Science and Technology and managed by the Academy of Science of South Africa. The AOSP will focus on developing data policies, training, and identifying infrastructure needs to establish a networked platform for open data across the continent. Its goals are to increase collaboration, data sharing and reuse, and accelerate discovery. A preliminary survey found interest among African stakeholders in training, stewardship, and policy development around research data.
High-level Meeting & Workshop on Environmental and Scientific Open Data for Sustainable Development Goals in Developing Countries. Madagascar, 4-6 December 2017
The African Open Science Platform (AOSP) aims to promote open data and open science across Africa. It is funded by the National Research Foundation of South Africa and managed by the Academy of Science of South Africa. AOSP focuses on developing policy frameworks, infrastructure, capacity building initiatives, and incentives to encourage data sharing across four key areas. It has already held several workshops and events in its first two years and outlines further actions and deliverables to advance open science in Africa.
The document summarizes the African Open Science Platform (AOSP). It discusses that AOSP aims to coordinate open science activities across Africa to increase collaboration, data sharing and reuse. It is focused on four key areas: establishing an open data forum, funding research infrastructure initiatives, funding transdisciplinary research projects, and developing open data policies. The ultimate goals are to accelerate discovery through open data, attract more funding, and contribute to global knowledge. AOSP is funded by the National Research Foundation of South Africa and managed by the Academy of Science of South Africa.
The African Open Science Platform (AOSP) aims to promote open science and open data practices in Africa. It is funded by the South African Department of Science and Technology and managed by the Academy of Science of South Africa. AOSP focuses on developing policy frameworks, building infrastructure and capacity, and providing incentives to support open data sharing across African countries. Some of its activities have included workshops in several nations to advance open data policies and training in research data management skills. AOSP also works with partners like research funders and universities to establish open data repositories and standards that can enable scientists across the continent to collaborate and make new discoveries from shared research.
The document discusses the African Open Science Platform (AOSP) project, which aims to support the development of open science in Africa. Key points:
- AOSP is a 3-year pilot project starting in 2016 that is funded by the South African Department of Science and Technology to establish an open data platform and coordinate open science initiatives across Africa.
- It is being implemented by the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) in partnership with organizations like the Association of African Universities (AAU) and UbuntuNet Alliance.
- The project involves several work packages, including establishing open data policies, research data infrastructure, training programs, and a roadmap for African research data.
- JK
The document discusses the African Open Science Platform (AOSP) project. It notes that AOSP aims to support the development of open science in Africa by providing a coordinating platform. Specifically, it will work to establish an African open data platform, fund research data infrastructure initiatives, co-design open data policies, and develop incentives and training for research data science. The ultimate goal is to help African research institutions better manage, share and reuse research data according to FAIR open data principles.
The document discusses governance options for the African Open Science Platform (AOSP). It presents several models including a treaty, national legal entity, treaty with national legal entity, agreement, memorandum of understanding, and notes the strengths and weaknesses of each. It emphasizes that a combination of models may be necessary to address AOSP's long term goals of sustainability, effectiveness, and impact. Key requirements identified include legal capacity, clear lines of authority, participation of partner states, flexibility, and funding commitments.
The document discusses the African Open Science Platform, which aims to promote open science across Africa. It provides context on initiatives like the Square Kilometre Array telescope project and H3ABioNet, which involve large-scale data collection and sharing across multiple African countries. The platform seeks to develop policies, build capacity, and provide incentives to support open data practices in line with FAIR principles. It also outlines the current research infrastructure landscape in Africa and initiatives to strengthen national research networks and cyberinfrastructure to enable open sharing and analysis of genomic and other data for the benefit of African societies.
This document discusses open science and its practices in Ethiopia. It begins by defining open science as making publicly funded research outputs widely accessible digitally for various stakeholders. It then outlines the benefits of open science such as increasing transparency and innovation.
The document details Ethiopia's initiatives around open access publishing through journals and institutional repositories. It also discusses open research and data practices being adopted, though still at an early stage. Various stakeholders involved in open science are mentioned, along with challenges facing its adoption like lack of awareness and policies. Finally, recommendations are made around developing policies, incentives, and infrastructure to further embrace open science in Ethiopia.
The document summarizes a presentation about the African Open Science Platform (AOSP) and open science in Africa more broadly. It discusses how AOSP aims to address challenges around health data sharing during the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. It also outlines AOSP's pilot project from 2016-2019 and future plans to build open science capacity and infrastructure in Africa, including through cloud computing, data analysis tools, and research data management services. The overall goal is to support open and collaborative science that addresses key challenges on the continent.
The document provides an overview of the African Open Science Platform (AOSP) pilot study and selected findings from a landscape study on open science in Africa.
The AOSP aims to promote open data policies, training, and infrastructure across Africa. Over its 3-year pilot period it established an African Open Data Forum, launched initiatives in several countries, and identified 66 African research projects that could benefit from improved data sharing.
The landscape study found that while certain countries and initiatives are making progress, challenges remain around low research funding, lack of open data policies, limited e-infrastructure, and gaps in health, government, and other data. Overall, more investment is still needed to strengthen Africa's science and technology systems and
This document summarizes a presentation about open science and data infrastructure in Africa. It discusses several large-scale scientific projects that generate massive amounts of data, such as the Square Kilometre Array telescope. It also profiles initiatives like H3ABioNet that aim to facilitate genomic research and data sharing across Africa. The presentation advocates for the development of an African Open Science Platform to help coordinate open science activities on the continent and promote policies around open data, research collaboration, and cyberinfrastructure. It outlines some focus areas and stakeholders in building out such a platform to support data-intensive research.
This document discusses developments in cyberinfrastructure to support data sharing and open science across the SADC region. It outlines the SADC Cyberinfrastructure Framework initiative, which aims to enhance data sharing, open science, and knowledge networks through technologies, skills, people and policies. The framework focuses on areas like high performance computing infrastructure, human capital development, research collaboration, and policy alignment across SADC member states. Initial projects have included donations of HPC equipment to universities in South Africa, Botswana, and other countries to help establish national nodes and build regional capacity in areas like computational science.
DSpace@ScienceUofK: Building the 1st Sudanese IR at University of KhartoumBioMedCentral
The document summarizes the establishment of the first institutional repository in Sudan called DSpace@ScienceUofK at the University of Khartoum. It describes key milestones and highlights of the project such as launching the repository, advocacy and training workshops, and plans to expand the repository's coverage across the university and improve access to Sudanese scholarly publications. It also reflects on opportunities to build upon the success of this project to help establish additional institutional repositories in Africa.
The document summarizes the landscape of open science in Africa based on a mapping conducted by the African Open Science Platform (AOSP). Some key findings include:
1) AOSP has compiled a register of Africa's data collections and services, key role players, potential partnerships, sources of content, and collaborations to inform its focus areas.
2) There are currently only 22 registered data repositories in Africa, with only one having the CoreTrustSeal for trusted data repositories. Challenges include lack of policies, incentives, skills, and coordination across the continent.
3) AOSP is working to address these challenges by developing open science policy frameworks, engaging stakeholders, building capacity through training programs, and coordin
The vision is for African scientists to be at the cutting edge of data-intensive science, innovative advocates of open science, and leaders in addressing challenges in Africa and globally. The mission is for the African Open Science Platform to convene and coordinate open science interests, ideas, people, and resources in and for Africa. It will provide a federated infrastructure of digital tools, a technical network to support their application, and a community of practice.
This document outlines the criteria for trusted institutional repositories in Africa to be included in the DATAD-R registry. It discusses what constitutes a trusted institutional repository, outlines various auditing and certification systems used internationally, and emphasizes the importance of metadata compatibility. The DATAD-R criteria cover aspects like contact details, technical infrastructure, policies, and governance. Inclusion in DATAD-R involves a self-review using their criteria, an independent peer-review, and reapplying every 3 years to maintain inclusion. Harmonizing with standards helps ensure African repositories are interoperable and their data reliably preserved.
This document summarizes a presentation about the African Open Science Platform (AOSP). It discusses challenges during the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in sharing health data openly. The AOSP vision is for African scientists to be leaders in open science and addressing challenges. Its mission is to provide a trusted system for finding, depositing, managing, and reusing research data, software and metadata. It discusses similar initiatives like the European Open Science Cloud and Google's plan for a new internet cable to Africa. It outlines AOSP's pilot activities from 2016-2019 and outlines draft plans for its data science school, eInfrastructure ecosystem, and flagship data-intensive project. National and international strategies supporting open science and the AOSP
The document outlines a presentation given by Ubuntunet Alliance at an Africa Open Science initiative conference in Addis, November 2017. It discusses:
- Ubuntunet Alliance is the regional research and education network for 16 countries in Eastern and Southern Africa, connecting national research and education networks (NRENs).
- The current Ubuntunet network includes 10 points of presence across Africa and Europe with over 2Gbps of capacity between Africa and Europe.
- The AfricaConnect2 project aims to consolidate and extend the Ubuntunet network, increase research collaboration, and improve the capacity and sustainability of African NRENs.
- Ubuntunet provides training to build capacity in areas like
This document discusses open access and institutional repositories in Western Africa. It defines open access as free availability of scholarly works online, and describes the benefits as unrestricted access to knowledge and reduced distribution costs. There are two main routes to open access - open access journals ("gold road") and institutional repositories of publications ("green road"). Building institutional repositories can increase research visibility and impact. While some universities in Africa have started repositories, adoption remains limited. Steps to building a repository include choosing software, populating it with content, and addressing intellectual property issues.
The document summarizes the African Open Science Platform (AOSP) which is funded by the National Research Foundation of South Africa and directed by CODATA and the Academy of Science of South Africa. The AOSP aims to promote open science and open data practices in Africa. It discusses the key stakeholders involved, challenges around open data and science in Africa such as lack of infrastructure and incentives, and the potential benefits of the platform for African research. The AOSP will focus on developing policies, assessing infrastructure needs, training and capacity building around open data sharing and management.
The African Open Science Platform (AOSP) aims to promote open science and open data practices in Africa. It is funded by the South African Department of Science and Technology and managed by the Academy of Science of South Africa. AOSP focuses on developing policy frameworks, building infrastructure and capacity, and providing incentives to support open data sharing across African countries. Some of its activities have included workshops in several nations to advance open data policies and training in research data management skills. AOSP also works with partners like research funders and universities to establish open data repositories and standards that can enable scientists across the continent to collaborate and make new discoveries from shared research.
The document discusses the African Open Science Platform (AOSP) project, which aims to support the development of open science in Africa. Key points:
- AOSP is a 3-year pilot project starting in 2016 that is funded by the South African Department of Science and Technology to establish an open data platform and coordinate open science initiatives across Africa.
- It is being implemented by the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) in partnership with organizations like the Association of African Universities (AAU) and UbuntuNet Alliance.
- The project involves several work packages, including establishing open data policies, research data infrastructure, training programs, and a roadmap for African research data.
- JK
The document discusses the African Open Science Platform (AOSP) project. It notes that AOSP aims to support the development of open science in Africa by providing a coordinating platform. Specifically, it will work to establish an African open data platform, fund research data infrastructure initiatives, co-design open data policies, and develop incentives and training for research data science. The ultimate goal is to help African research institutions better manage, share and reuse research data according to FAIR open data principles.
The document discusses governance options for the African Open Science Platform (AOSP). It presents several models including a treaty, national legal entity, treaty with national legal entity, agreement, memorandum of understanding, and notes the strengths and weaknesses of each. It emphasizes that a combination of models may be necessary to address AOSP's long term goals of sustainability, effectiveness, and impact. Key requirements identified include legal capacity, clear lines of authority, participation of partner states, flexibility, and funding commitments.
The document discusses the African Open Science Platform, which aims to promote open science across Africa. It provides context on initiatives like the Square Kilometre Array telescope project and H3ABioNet, which involve large-scale data collection and sharing across multiple African countries. The platform seeks to develop policies, build capacity, and provide incentives to support open data practices in line with FAIR principles. It also outlines the current research infrastructure landscape in Africa and initiatives to strengthen national research networks and cyberinfrastructure to enable open sharing and analysis of genomic and other data for the benefit of African societies.
This document discusses open science and its practices in Ethiopia. It begins by defining open science as making publicly funded research outputs widely accessible digitally for various stakeholders. It then outlines the benefits of open science such as increasing transparency and innovation.
The document details Ethiopia's initiatives around open access publishing through journals and institutional repositories. It also discusses open research and data practices being adopted, though still at an early stage. Various stakeholders involved in open science are mentioned, along with challenges facing its adoption like lack of awareness and policies. Finally, recommendations are made around developing policies, incentives, and infrastructure to further embrace open science in Ethiopia.
The document summarizes a presentation about the African Open Science Platform (AOSP) and open science in Africa more broadly. It discusses how AOSP aims to address challenges around health data sharing during the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa. It also outlines AOSP's pilot project from 2016-2019 and future plans to build open science capacity and infrastructure in Africa, including through cloud computing, data analysis tools, and research data management services. The overall goal is to support open and collaborative science that addresses key challenges on the continent.
The document provides an overview of the African Open Science Platform (AOSP) pilot study and selected findings from a landscape study on open science in Africa.
The AOSP aims to promote open data policies, training, and infrastructure across Africa. Over its 3-year pilot period it established an African Open Data Forum, launched initiatives in several countries, and identified 66 African research projects that could benefit from improved data sharing.
The landscape study found that while certain countries and initiatives are making progress, challenges remain around low research funding, lack of open data policies, limited e-infrastructure, and gaps in health, government, and other data. Overall, more investment is still needed to strengthen Africa's science and technology systems and
This document summarizes a presentation about open science and data infrastructure in Africa. It discusses several large-scale scientific projects that generate massive amounts of data, such as the Square Kilometre Array telescope. It also profiles initiatives like H3ABioNet that aim to facilitate genomic research and data sharing across Africa. The presentation advocates for the development of an African Open Science Platform to help coordinate open science activities on the continent and promote policies around open data, research collaboration, and cyberinfrastructure. It outlines some focus areas and stakeholders in building out such a platform to support data-intensive research.
This document discusses developments in cyberinfrastructure to support data sharing and open science across the SADC region. It outlines the SADC Cyberinfrastructure Framework initiative, which aims to enhance data sharing, open science, and knowledge networks through technologies, skills, people and policies. The framework focuses on areas like high performance computing infrastructure, human capital development, research collaboration, and policy alignment across SADC member states. Initial projects have included donations of HPC equipment to universities in South Africa, Botswana, and other countries to help establish national nodes and build regional capacity in areas like computational science.
DSpace@ScienceUofK: Building the 1st Sudanese IR at University of KhartoumBioMedCentral
The document summarizes the establishment of the first institutional repository in Sudan called DSpace@ScienceUofK at the University of Khartoum. It describes key milestones and highlights of the project such as launching the repository, advocacy and training workshops, and plans to expand the repository's coverage across the university and improve access to Sudanese scholarly publications. It also reflects on opportunities to build upon the success of this project to help establish additional institutional repositories in Africa.
The document summarizes the landscape of open science in Africa based on a mapping conducted by the African Open Science Platform (AOSP). Some key findings include:
1) AOSP has compiled a register of Africa's data collections and services, key role players, potential partnerships, sources of content, and collaborations to inform its focus areas.
2) There are currently only 22 registered data repositories in Africa, with only one having the CoreTrustSeal for trusted data repositories. Challenges include lack of policies, incentives, skills, and coordination across the continent.
3) AOSP is working to address these challenges by developing open science policy frameworks, engaging stakeholders, building capacity through training programs, and coordin
The vision is for African scientists to be at the cutting edge of data-intensive science, innovative advocates of open science, and leaders in addressing challenges in Africa and globally. The mission is for the African Open Science Platform to convene and coordinate open science interests, ideas, people, and resources in and for Africa. It will provide a federated infrastructure of digital tools, a technical network to support their application, and a community of practice.
This document outlines the criteria for trusted institutional repositories in Africa to be included in the DATAD-R registry. It discusses what constitutes a trusted institutional repository, outlines various auditing and certification systems used internationally, and emphasizes the importance of metadata compatibility. The DATAD-R criteria cover aspects like contact details, technical infrastructure, policies, and governance. Inclusion in DATAD-R involves a self-review using their criteria, an independent peer-review, and reapplying every 3 years to maintain inclusion. Harmonizing with standards helps ensure African repositories are interoperable and their data reliably preserved.
This document summarizes a presentation about the African Open Science Platform (AOSP). It discusses challenges during the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in sharing health data openly. The AOSP vision is for African scientists to be leaders in open science and addressing challenges. Its mission is to provide a trusted system for finding, depositing, managing, and reusing research data, software and metadata. It discusses similar initiatives like the European Open Science Cloud and Google's plan for a new internet cable to Africa. It outlines AOSP's pilot activities from 2016-2019 and outlines draft plans for its data science school, eInfrastructure ecosystem, and flagship data-intensive project. National and international strategies supporting open science and the AOSP
The document outlines a presentation given by Ubuntunet Alliance at an Africa Open Science initiative conference in Addis, November 2017. It discusses:
- Ubuntunet Alliance is the regional research and education network for 16 countries in Eastern and Southern Africa, connecting national research and education networks (NRENs).
- The current Ubuntunet network includes 10 points of presence across Africa and Europe with over 2Gbps of capacity between Africa and Europe.
- The AfricaConnect2 project aims to consolidate and extend the Ubuntunet network, increase research collaboration, and improve the capacity and sustainability of African NRENs.
- Ubuntunet provides training to build capacity in areas like
This document discusses open access and institutional repositories in Western Africa. It defines open access as free availability of scholarly works online, and describes the benefits as unrestricted access to knowledge and reduced distribution costs. There are two main routes to open access - open access journals ("gold road") and institutional repositories of publications ("green road"). Building institutional repositories can increase research visibility and impact. While some universities in Africa have started repositories, adoption remains limited. Steps to building a repository include choosing software, populating it with content, and addressing intellectual property issues.
The document summarizes the African Open Science Platform (AOSP) which is funded by the National Research Foundation of South Africa and directed by CODATA and the Academy of Science of South Africa. The AOSP aims to promote open science and open data practices in Africa. It discusses the key stakeholders involved, challenges around open data and science in Africa such as lack of infrastructure and incentives, and the potential benefits of the platform for African research. The AOSP will focus on developing policies, assessing infrastructure needs, training and capacity building around open data sharing and management.
This document discusses choosing the right assessment method for measuring student competence and performance. It defines the key differences between assessment and evaluation. Assessment formally measures student competence, while evaluation makes a value judgment. The right assessment method depends on the competency, objective, and learning method. A good method will be valid, reliable, standardized, and have educational impact. Some common assessment tools mentioned include essays, short answers, multiple choice questions, long/short cases, OSCEs, mini-CEX, CBDs, simulations, and DOPS. Factors like required resources, reliability over time, and ability to measure different competencies are considered for each tool.
Traditionally India’s tax regime relied heavily on indirect taxes. Revenue from indirect taxes was the major source of tax revenue till tax reforms were undertaken during nineties. The major argument put forth for heavy reliance on indirect taxes was that the India’s majority of population was poor and thus widening base of direct taxes had inherent limitations. But the Indian system of indirect taxation is characterized by cascading, distorting tax on production of goods and services which leads to hampering productivity and slower economic growth. There are endless taxes in present system few levied by Centre and rest levied by state, to remove this multiplicity of taxes and reducing the burden of the tax payer a simple tax is required and that is Goods and Service Tax (GST). This paper throws an insight into the Goods and Service Tax concept, advantages, disadvantages and international scenario
The document discusses key principles and benefits of Lean, including:
1) Lean aims to eliminate waste from processes to increase value-added time and reduce lead times and cycle times for improved customer satisfaction.
2) Implementing Lean at Dell resulted in significant savings of $12 billion, reduced order-to-ship cycle times from 11 days to 3 days, and increased margins and inventory turns.
3) Lean thinking combines the elimination of waste and continuous improvement to specify value, map value streams, establish flow, implement pull, and work towards perfection.
Dr Dasapta Erwin Irawan, Lecturer/Researcher at the Institut Teknologi Bandung, presented an overview of his research as part of the SMART Seminar Series on 23 March 2017.
More information: http://www.uoweis.co/event/understanding-cikapundung-river/
Keep updated with future events: http://www.uoweis.co/tag/smart-infrastructure/
Este documento proporciona información sobre el Colegio Público Bilingüe Blas de Otero en Coslada. El colegio ofrece educación infantil y primaria con un enfoque en el aprendizaje del inglés. Además, el documento describe la ubicación del colegio, su proyecto educativo, horarios, actividades extracurriculares, proceso de admisión y datos de contacto.
Covers search engine marketing including organic search (SEO) plus paid search (PPC). Covers search types including branded/transactional, informational and commercial. Includes real examples highlighting what Google triggers in the search results for each search type.
Support de présentation de Jérôme Pouchol, Médiathèque Istres Ouest Provence, blog Bambou. Mutualiser les pratiques documentaires, aux presses de l’Enssib, 2017. Atelier « La politique documentaire en bibliothèque musicale aujourd’hui ». Rencontres Nationales des Bibliothécaires Musicaux, les 13 et 14 mars 2017, à Nice : « la valorisation et la médiation du patrimoine musical en bibliothèque ».
Almost every organization struggles with getting new supporters—donors, members, volunteers, or others—and keeping old ones. Luckily, both problems can be solved with smart communications.
This session at the 2017 Nonprofit Technology Conference introduced strategies for building a brand that supporters love, so that they not only engage with your organization once, but do so repeatedly and ultimately encourage others to do so. We discussed ways to clearly communicate with audiences so they better understand who they are supporting and why—and so they’re more likely to come back. Drawing from real-life examples, we explored how you can get supporters to connect with work being done thousands of miles away using creative tools like virtual reality. We also discussed how stories, images, and diverse voices can help your supporters develop deep ties to your work. Finally, we touched on ways to empower your supporters to raise money for you as the ultimate brand ambassadors.
Use of Frequency Control to Optimize Induction Axle Scan HardeningFluxtrol Inc.
This document discusses optimization of induction hardening of axles through multi-frequency coil design and process control. Currently, axles are hardened using single or dual frequency coils in either a scanning or single shot process. The authors present a new optimized dual-turn coil design that uses variable frequency control, with higher frequency (3kHz) for initial heating and lower frequency (1kHz) for scanning, allowing for faster scanning speeds of up to 11.6mm/s while meeting hardness specifications. Computer simulation was used to optimize the coil design and heating process. The new approach provides improvements over traditional single frequency coil designs.
The document summarizes the African Open Science Platform (AOSP), which aims to promote open science and open data on the African continent. It is managed by the Academy of Science of South Africa and funded by the National Research Foundation of South Africa. AOSP works to build capacity for open science through developing policy frameworks, infrastructure, skills, and incentives. It focuses on collecting and sharing African research openly to increase collaboration, reuse of data, and return on investment in research.
The African Open Science Platform (AOSP) aims to promote open science and open data practices in Africa. It is funded by the South African Department of Science and Technology and managed by the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf). AOSP focuses on developing policies, building capacity, establishing infrastructure, and providing incentives to support open data sharing. It has held several workshops across Africa to engage stakeholders and has conducted surveys to assess the current landscape. AOSP's ultimate goal is to facilitate collaboration and ethical data practices to generate benefits for African society.
The document summarizes the African Open Science Platform (AOSP), which aims to coordinate open science activities across Africa. It discusses open science principles and the rationale for an African platform to increase collaboration, data reuse, and accelerate discovery. The AOSP is funded by the NRF of South Africa and managed by ASSAf. It focuses on establishing an open data forum, funding research infrastructure and projects, developing open data policies and training, and creating incentives for data sharing. Initial actions include workshops on policy, capacity building, and surveys to inform the platform's development.
This document summarizes a presentation about open data and science in Africa. It discusses the benefits of open data, such as enabling more informed decisions and driving development. It also addresses challenges like researchers' fears of having errors or incomplete data exposed. The presentation promotes the African Open Science Platform, which aims to establish open data policies and build capacity through workshops on data skills. The platform connects stakeholders to advance open data and science across Africa.
The document discusses the role of librarians in supporting open data and open science to advance research and help achieve sustainable development goals. It defines open science as making research processes transparent and accessible. Librarians can advocate for open policies, develop data skills, manage repositories, and support proper data management among researchers. The African Open Science Platform aims to build capacity and infrastructure for open data across the continent through stakeholder engagement and national initiatives. Librarians are well-positioned to partner with researchers and help maximize the benefits of open approaches.
The African Story of Open Research - Nozuko Zukie HlwatikaRight to Research
This presentation by Nozuko Zukie Hlwatika was part of OpenCon 2017's Regional Models for Open Research and Open Education panel.
In her talk, Zukie covered Open Science, particularly Open Data in Africa. This was done from the perspective of the African Open Science Platform initiative. The status of Open Data in Africa was discussed through the lenses of policy, infrastructure, capacity building and incentives as per the initiatives focus areas. A list of countries actively involved in the advancement of Open Data was highlighted as well as those that need greater intervention. Possible Marginalised models for promoting open science in Africa were shared with the audience.
The African Open Science Platform aims to coordinate open science activities across Africa through engagement, awareness raising, and connecting stakeholders. It is managed by the Academy of Science of South Africa and funded by the South African Department of Science and Technology. Key focus areas include developing policy frameworks, building infrastructure, enhancing capacity, and providing incentives for open data practices. The platform seeks to establish principles like FAIR data, address issues around licensing and intellectual property, and mobilize data science capabilities on the continent. It will involve capacity building for various data roles, adapting curricula, and acknowledging data publication. The goal is to ethically collect, curate and manage trusted African data to drive benefits for society.
The document summarizes the African Open Science Platform (AOSP), an initiative to create an open digital ecosystem in Africa. It discusses AOSP's goals of building capacities, policies, shared computing resources, and tools to support open science and interaction with societal stakeholders. It also outlines AOSP's governance structure, initial activities, key supporting communities, the current African open science landscape, and a framework for future policy, infrastructure, capacity building, and incentives to further open science on the continent.
Presented at a NeDICC (Network of Data and Information Curation Communities) meeting, 14 March 2019, CSIR, and at the University of Pretoria and the Carnegie Corporation of New York Capstone Conference, 24-29 March 2019, Kieviets Kroon.
The document summarizes the African Open Science Platform (AOSP), which aims to coordinate open science activities across Africa. It discusses benefits of open research data such as collaboration, economic development, and avoiding duplication. Infrastructure to support open data in countries like Tunisia, Kenya, and South Africa is described. The AOSP will focus on developing policy, infrastructure, skills, and incentives through frameworks and roadmaps. Challenges around intellectual property and ICT infrastructure are also addressed. The AOSP aims to engage stakeholders from science organizations, universities, governments, and more to mobilize African data science capacity.
The document provides an overview of a presentation on open science and open data for librarians. It includes:
- An introduction to open science/open data concepts and the library's role in research data services.
- Examples of activities working with research data, including data collection, visualization, cleaning, analysis and preservation.
- A discussion of the benefits of open data, challenges researchers face in opening their data, and the role of data repositories and standards.
- An overview of the African Open Science Platform project which aims to promote open science on the continent.
The document discusses various aspects of open science in South Africa and Africa more broadly. It addresses how climate change is impacting the continent, challenges with reproducibility, and the rapid technological changes occurring. It also covers imperatives for research, innovation, and education. Additional sections discuss open science governance, funding needs, skills and training requirements, the role of citizen science, necessary infrastructure, and opportunities for open innovation.
Be seen! Be cited! Have impact! Open Access and the Academy of Science of SA ...Ina Smith
The document discusses open access and the role of the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) in improving the quality, visibility, and access of South African scholarly research. It notes that much South African research was previously invisible internationally due to lack of indexing in databases. ASSAf now evaluates journals for quality, and includes high-quality open access journals in the SciELO SA platform to increase their visibility internationally and citations. This aims to advance innovation and inform society by disseminating South African research more broadly.
Presentation during the 14th Association of African Universities (AAU) Conference and African Open Science Platform (AOSP)/Research Data Alliance (RDA) Workshop in Accra, Ghana, 7-8 June 2017.
The document discusses policy, infrastructure, skills, and incentives related to data sharing in Africa. It provides information about the University of Botswana, including its faculties, research centers, and digital repository. It then discusses the upcoming International Data Week conference in Gaborone, Botswana, and themes related to digital science such as open data, data analysis, and data stewardship. Finally, it summarizes the proposed African Open Science Platform project to coordinate open science activities across Africa through a centralized initiative.
Open Science in the Global South: A Case of IndiaAnup Kumar Das
"Open Science in the Global South: A Case of India" was presented in the Seminar on Open Science Policy and Technology Access: A Challenge for Developing Countries, on 23 March 2017, at Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban, South Africa.
Presentation slides for a talk on the implications of open science for research managers, discussing how they might support researchers and areas where Africa-based organisations are performing development. It was presented at the West African Research and Innovation Management Association (WARIMA) conference on January 18, 2023, which was held at MRC Gambia at LSHTM Fajara.
The document discusses the development of a connected regional cyberinfrastructure in SADC to support data sharing and open science. It outlines the SADC Cyberinfrastructure Framework, which aims to enhance collaboration, data sharing, and open science through coordinated infrastructure, policies, skills, and partnerships across SADC member states. The framework is intended to accelerate research and innovation and promote socioeconomic development through a cohesive strategy and roadmap for cyberinfrastructure in the region.
Similar to The African Open Science Platform (AOSP) (20)
This document discusses initiatives for an African Open Science Platform to support open data and data infrastructure across Africa. It lists existing data centers and computing centers in various African countries, as well as international collaborations and challenges around policy, funding, internet access, data storage, computer infrastructure, skills, and awareness. The platform aims to address these challenges and support open data and data-driven research on the continent.
The document discusses open science and open innovation. It describes how open access to scientific data, publications, code, and workflows through online platforms is enabling new forms of collaborative scientific inquiry across traditional boundaries. Global collaboratories can now engage in research at unprecedented scales using open data. The benefits of open science include accelerating scientific discovery, empowering citizens and entrepreneurs to make new innovations based on open data and code, and transforming the nature of scientific research.
Simon Hodson discusses key aspects of open science including open access to research outputs, FAIR data principles, and engaging society. Open science requires addressing technical, funding, skills, and mindset challenges. While data created with public funds should be open by default, legitimate exceptions exist for commercial interests, privacy, and security. Criteria for data appraisal, selection and preservation need input from disciplines. Barriers to data sharing include concerns over misuse and lack of credit, while benefits include advancing research and building institutional reputation. Open science governance is needed to balance openness with other priorities like intellectual property, and define roles and responsibilities among stakeholders.
This document summarizes a presentation on open science and open data. It discusses the importance of open research data for reproducibility and innovation. It outlines key policy developments promoting open data, including funder data policies and journal data policies. It also describes CODATA's activities related to data policies, frameworks for developing open data strategies, and components of the international open science ecosystem.
This document summarizes the key points from a presentation on European perspectives on open science policy:
1. It outlines the 8 open science policy priorities established by the European Commission, including open access to publications and data, establishing the European Open Science Cloud, rewarding open science practices, research integrity, and citizen science.
2. It discusses the progress made on open access policies over the past 10 years from FP7 to Horizon 2020, including mandatory open access to publications and open access to research data by default from 2017 onward.
3. It introduces the concept of the proposed Horizon 2020 Open Research Europe publishing platform as a way to rapidly publish open access peer-reviewed articles and pre-prints resulting from Horizon 2020 projects
The document discusses open access, open data, and open science in Botswana. It defines key terms like open access, open data, and open science. Open access refers to freely available scholarly articles, while open data refers to freely available research data. Open science aims to make research more open, global, collaborative and closer to society through open access to publications and research data. The document outlines some open access initiatives in Botswana, including workshops hosted by the Botswana Library Consortium. It discusses the benefits of open access for researchers, publishers, research institutions and libraries. It also provides an overview of the research data management landscape and stakeholders in Botswana.
1. The document discusses various strategies for marketing an institutional repository (IR), including using social media, registering the IR in relevant directories and harvesters, and participating in events like Open Access Week.
2. It provides details on registering an open access policy with ROARMap and ensuring the IR is OAI-PMH compliant and harvestable by listing the OAI base URL and examples.
3. The presentation recommends marketing the IR through various directories, indexes, and aggregators like OpenDOAR, ROAR, Ranking Web of Repositories, re3data.org, DuraSpace, BASE, CORE, Open Access Map, Repository 66, OAIster, and the UIUC O
The TWAS Regional Office for sub-Saharan Africa (TWAS-ROSSA) is hosted by the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) and aims to enhance the visibility of TWAS, identify eminent scientists for membership and awards, assess TWAS activities in the region, and organize activities in critical science and technology areas. TWAS-ROSSA provides networking opportunities, prizes, and fellowships for young scientists and has over 108 Fellows and 50 Young Affiliates across sub-Saharan Africa. Science academies are independent organizations that bring together eminent scientists to advance scientific knowledge and provide evidence-based science advice to address national and global challenges.
The document discusses principles and best practices for open data policies. It outlines six responsibilities for scientists, research institutions, publishers, funding agencies, professional associations, and libraries to make data openly available. Open data should be the default, with limited exceptions for privacy, safety and commercial interests justified on a case-by-case basis. Effective open data policy development requires consideration of context, content and impact. Key pillars for sustainable open data programs include supporting infrastructure, easy access, user feedback channels, high-value datasets, data quality, and privacy protection.
The document outlines the responsibilities of various stakeholders in promoting open data policies including research scientists, institutions, publishers, funding agencies, professional associations, libraries, and boundaries of openness. It discusses enabling practices for open data such as citation and provenance, interoperability, non-restrictive reuse, and linkability of data.
The document discusses open data principles and best practices for making government data widely available to support policy goals and sustainable development. It recommends that governments 1) invest in national data infrastructure including open data policies, funding, technology and human resources, 2) adopt open data principles like those from Bermuda and Open Government Data to make data accessible, interoperable, machine readable and more, and 3) set up open data compliant data repositories following principles for accessibility, security, and permanence. The presentation provides examples of open data principles and requirements for certifying open data repositories.
The UNESCO Open Solutions Programme promotes universal access to information through open educational resources, open access to scientific information, and free and open source software. It aims to provide teachers, learners, researchers, and ICT users with high-quality open materials and tools. The programme's initiatives include open access repositories and journals, open educational resources platforms, open mapping projects, and engaging youth in open data and mobile applications. UNESCO also supports open science networks, databases, and training centres to facilitate sharing and capacity building.
High-level Meeting & Workshop on Environmental and Scientific Open Data for Sustainable Development Goals in Developing Countries. Madagascar, 4-6 December 2017
High-level Meeting & Workshop on Environmental and Scientific Open Data for Sustainable Development Goals in Developing Countries. Madagascar, 4-6 December 2017
High-level Meeting & Workshop on Environmental and Scientific Open Data for Sustainable Development Goals in Developing Countries. Madagascar, 4-6 December 2017
More from Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) (20)
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This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
1. The African Open Science
Platform (AOSP)
Ina Smith & Susan Veldsman
Academy of Science of South Africa
2. Agenda
• About the African Open Science Platform (AOSP)
• Accord on Open Data in a Big Data World
• Focus areas of AOSP
• Rationale for AOSP
• Closing Remarks
3. About the African Open Science
Platform (AOSP)
• Funded by the National Research Foundation (NRF)
(SA Dept. of Science and Technology)
• Directed by CODATA (ICSU)
• Managed by Academy of Science of South Africa
(ASSAf)
• Through ASSAf hosting ICSU Regional Office for Africa
(ICSU ROA)
4. About ICSU & CODATA
• ICSU: International Council for Science – consists of
17 interdisciplinary bodies e.g. CODATA
http://www.icsu.org/
• CODATA: Committee on Data for Science and
Technology
http://www.codata.org/
• Mission: Strengthen international science for the
benefit of society by promoting improved scientific
and technical data management and use.
5. About ASSAf (1)
• Recognise scholarly achievement & excellence
• Mobilise members in the service of society
• Conduct systematic & evidence-based studies on
issues of national importance (ASSAf OA Repository)
• Promote the development of an indigenous system of
South African research
• Publish science-focused journals
• Training in Open Journal Systems (OJS)
• Criteria for high quality OA journals
• Ambassador for Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)
http://www.assaf.org.za
6. About ASSAf (2)
• Develop productive partnerships with national,
regional and international organisations to building
capacity within the National System of Innovation
(NSI)
• Create diversified sources of funding for sustainable
functioning and growth of a national academy
• Communicate with relevant stakeholders
• Association of African Universities (AAU) DATAD-R harvester
of OA repositories
• Evaluation instrument – harvesting IRs adhering to criteria
for best practice (ISO 16363, Data Seal of Approval etc.)
http://www.assaf.org.za
7. AOSP Governance
• Advisory Council (Chair: Prof Khotso Mokhele)
• Terms of Reference
• Technical Advisory Board
• Terms of Reference
• Platform Office (ASSAf) & ICSU/CODATA Office
• CODATA Executive Director (Dr Simon Hodson)
• 2x Senior Project Officers (Ina Smith & Susan Veldsman)
• 1x Junior Project Officer (In process)
8. Key Stakeholders
• ICSU
• Regional Office for Africa (ROA)
• Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA)
• World Data System (WDS)
• The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS)
• Research Data Alliance (RDA)
• Association of African Universities (AAU)
• Network of African Science Academies (NASAC)
• African Research Councils (incl. DIRISA, funders)
• African Universities
• African Governments
• NRENs (Internet Service Providers for Education)
• Other
10. Accord: Open Data in a Big Data
World
• Values of open data in
emerging scientific culture of
big data
• Need for an international
framework
• Proposes comprehensive set of
principles
• Provides framework & plan for
African data science capacity
mobilization initiative
• Proposes African Platform
11. Open Science Defined (1)
“Open Science is the practice of science in such a way
that others can collaborate and contribute, where
research data, lab notes and other research
processes are freely available, under terms that
enable reuse, redistribution and reproduction of the
research and its underlying data and methods.” -
FOSTER Project, funded by the European Commission.
12. Open Science Defined (2)
“Open Science moves beyond open access research
articles, towards encompassing other research
objects such as data, software codes, protocols and
workflows. The intention is for people to use, re-use
and distribute content without legal, technological
or social restrictions. In some cases, Open Science
also entails the opening up of the entire research
process from agenda-setting to the dissemination of
findings.” - Open and Collaborative Science in
Development Network project, funded by IDRC.
13. Open Data, Open Science and the
Research Lifecycle (Foster)
https://www.rri-tools.eu/-/research-lifecycle-enhanced-by-an-open-science-by-default-workflow
17. Value of an African Platform (1)
• Collective view of Open Science activities
• Create awareness
• Showcase African research
• Contribute to global knowledgebase
• Increase return on investment (re-use)
• Identify lack of data/opportunities/gaps
• Identify needs e.g. skills development,
infrastructure, policy formulation, etc.
• Act as conduit for links with international open data
and open science programmes and standards
18. Value of an African Platform (2)
• Cross-use data across disciplines/studies
• Manage Intellectual Property (IP)
• Make data more discoverable/visible
• Encourage collaboration between scientific &
private sectors, citizens
• Participate in collective problem-solving
• Allow verification of data
• Attract funders
19. 5 Focus Areas
• Promote development & adoption of data policies,
principles, practices, standards
• Determine infrastructure available
• Address issues of incentives, best practice, benefits
• Foster training & capacity building activities
• Create an awareness, stimulate dialogue (frontiers)
24. “I have temporarily retracted the study thanks to the alert from Pierre.
The blog is not peer reviewed, it is intended for early release of
research that will later be sent for peer review.”
https://sustainingknowledgecommons.org/2017/03/21/apc-comparison-2010-and-2016/
32. Status of Openness in Africa
• Open Institutional Repositories (74)
• Open Data Repositories (19)
• Open Educational Resources (30)
• MOOCs
• Open Access Journals
• Open Monographs
• Open Conference Proceedings
• Open Patents
• Open Source Software & Open Standards (incl. instruments)
• Open Access + Open Science Policies (SA, Botswana, Kenya)
• Open Science
• Research Data Management Planning (RDM)
33. Survey: Status of Openness in Africa
• Preliminary findings from survey
• Launched 1 November 2016; due date 31 January
2017
• 35 responses received
34. Focus of data initiatives
69% = training; 60% = stewardship; 54% = policy
35. Funding of data initiatives
51% = host institution; 34% = international grant;
20% = national grant
36. AOSP Actions & Deliverables 2017
• SFSA Side Event & Panel Discussion (December 2016)
• Visit http://africanopenscience.org.za/
• Advisory Council & Technical Advisory Board
• Planning Phase
Next (Year 1):
• Expanding network, contacts, information on initiatives
• Identify/train representatives on national level (each
country actively producing data, with research interest)
• Awareness - coordinate national workshops to introduce
AOSP, open approaches – existing initiatives (conferences,
w/s)
• Desktop research to identify initiatives on national level &
populate database
• Engage with African stakeholders
37. Closing Remarks
• Collaborate & learn
• Data the new “gold” – predict trends
• Trusted data managed in trusted way
• Exploit data for the benefit of society
• Tell the African story, in an African way
38. Acknowledgments
• SA Dept. of Science & Technology
• National Research Foundation (NRF)
• CODATA
• All African partners
• Sci-GaIA
The Sci-GaIA project has developed and deployed a standard-based Open Science Platform that supports federated authentication.Users can access a federated Open Science Platform to reproduce, re-use and publish their research products and link them to their ORCID profile to increase the visibility of both Science and scientists.
Read More
The 2015 edition of Science International has developed an international accord on the values of open data in the emerging scientific culture of big data. The Accord recognises the need for an international framework of principles on “Open Data in a Big Data World” and proposes a comprehensive set of principles.
These principles provide a guiding framework for an African data science capacity mobilization initiative spearheaded by ICSU and supported by other Science International partners. The initiative puts forward a comprehensive capacity mobilization plan, to be co-designed and delivered with key partners in Africa. It proposes the establishment of an African Open Data Platform, which will coordinate a series of actions at different levels of national science systems in the region.
Research Lifecycle enhanced by an "Open Science by Default" Workflow
Homo naledi has made headlines around the world as one of the most significant fossil discoveries ever made.
The unprecedented sample of fossils represents a rich record of an ancient population of human relatives, preserving nearly every part of the skeleton and spanning the lifespan.
Many people around the world have been following the compelling story of discovery from the first days of the excavation.
Using social media to tell the story
As our cavers and scientists worked underground in challenging conditions, we kept the world up to date on Twitter, Facebook and with our Rising Star Expedition blog.
Since those first days, the team has worked to build open access into every stage of the project. People can now share not only in the discovery but also in the process of understanding these ancient hominins.
After nearly two years of work, on September 10 we published our first scientific papers on this discovery in the journal eLIFE. These original scientific descriptions of these fossils and their geological context are free for anyone in the world to download and share.
In the week since we published these papers, the lead paper describing Homo naledi has been viewed more than 170,000 times – an extraordinary figure for any scientific paper.
Our team has also moved quickly to make our data available to anyone in the world. Many of our fossils are now represented by research-quality 3D scans on MorphoSource.
This online archive of data from skeletal and fossil discoveries, maintained by Duke University, provides a way to share large data sets both for scientific work and teaching.
3D technology used in classrooms
Our team has generated virtual reams of scans that enable anyone to visualise these fossils, and even to use 3D printing technology to create their own physical copies.
Right now, teachers and researchers all around the world are printing 3D models of the fossils of Homo naledi. Kristina Killgrove, a leader in applying 3D printing technology in her anthropology classroom, wrote:
I downloaded the model as an .STL file…and then printed it using my trusty old MakerBot. It took 20 minutes, tops. Then I gave the model to a grad student who was heading in to teach the undergraduate lab in biological anthropology. Bam! Species-announcement-to-teaching-cast in under 12 hours.
In the first week after the announcement, more than 1700 copies of these data sets have been downloaded, with makers proudly showing off their printed models on Facebook and Twitter.
Find broke boundaries
Paleoanthropology has often been caricatured as the lone pursuit of fossils by Indiana-Jones-like characters. But in the 21st century, making new discoveries in paleoanthropology – as in all other areas of science – requires collaboration across many disciplines.
This project has involved a team of more than 60 scientists, each bringing their own distinctive expertise and data sets together to help solve the problems posed by these fossils.
The project is led from South Africa and stretches across international boundaries to impact the world.
At the event announcing Homo naledi at Maropeng, the Vice-Chancellor of the University of the Witwatersrand, Adam Habib, remarked on the importance of open access for building a 21st century science:
We often talk about science as having no boundaries, but in our world scientific knowledge has become commodified, and too often, what should be the bequest of the world, the bequest of a common humanity, is locked up under paywalls that postgraduate students and researchers cannot get access to. So what we did when we made this discovery, was we put cameras in the cave, and we streamed it live from day one.
We partnered with eLIFE, an open access journal, to make sure that the discovery was available to all of humanity. And what we did in that practice, is create the first elements of a common global academy….We are not simply going to be beneficiaries of open access, but we are going to be contributors to open access, to the knowledge of a common humanity.
eLIFE editor Randy Schekman wrote about the benefits of open access publishing in 2013 when he won the Nobel Prize. His article, entitled How to break free from the stifling grip of luxury journals, emphasised that by limiting access to publishing, traditional journals create artificial scarcity to distort the process of scientific communication. Open access makes for better science.
Public engagement
The open access philosophy has driven our work on Homo naledi from the beginning. Instead of keeping these discoveries veiled behind locked doors, we have tried to bring them to the public in ways that will drive greater curiosity and engagement with science.
We are proud to be able to share the original fossils with the public at Maropeng, where they will be on display until October 11.
Not only the public benefits from scientific open access; science itself benefits. Showing the process of science in action, we create better tools for educators to equip students with the scientific method.
As we train a new generation of scientists, we must give them the tools to build collaborations and work with massive data. By sharing data openly, we build a worldwide community of practice as we attempt to understand this and other future discoveries.
William Edwards Deming (October 14, 1900 – December 20, 1993) was an American engineer, statistician, professor, author, lecturer, and management consultant. Educated initially as an electrical engineer and later specializing in mathematical physics, he helped develop the sampling techniques still used by the U.S. Department of the Census and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In his book The New Economics for Industry, Government, and Education,[1] Deming championed the work of Walter Shewhart, including statistical process control, operational definitions, and what Deming called the "Shewhart Cycle"[2] which had evolved into PDSA (Plan-Do-Study-Act). This was in response to the growing popularity of PDSA, which Deming viewed as tampering with the meaning of Shewhart's original work.[3] Deming is best known for his work in Japan after WWII, particularly his work with the leaders of Japanese industry. That work began in August 1950 at the Hakone Convention Center in Tokyo when Deming delivered a speech on what he called "Statistical Product Quality Administration". Many in Japan credit Deming as one of the inspirations for what has become known as the Japanese post-war economic miracle of 1950 to 1960, when Japan rose from the ashes of war on the road to becoming the second largest economy in the world through processes partially influenced by the ideas Deming taught:[4]
Better design of products to improve service
Higher level of uniform product quality
Improvement of product testing in the workplace and in research centers
Greater sales through side [global] markets
Deming is best known in the United States for his 14 Points (Out of the Crisis, by W. Edwards Deming, preface) and his system of thought he called the "System of Profound Knowledge". The system includes four components or "lenses" through which to view the world simultaneously:
Appreciating a system
Understanding variation
Psychology
Epistemology, the theory of knowledge[5]
Deming made a significant contribution to Japan's reputation for innovative, high-quality products, and for its economic power. He is regarded as having had more impact on Japanese manufacturing and business than any other individual not of Japanese heritage. Despite being honored in Japan in 1951 with the establishment of the Deming Prize, he was only just beginning to win widespread recognition in the U.S. at the time of his death in 1993.[6] President Ronald Reagan awarded him the National Medal of Technology in 1987. The following year, the National Academy of Sciences gave Deming the Distinguished Career in Science award.
Last April, five months into the largest Ebola outbreak in history, an international group of researchers sequenced three viral genomes, sampled from patients in Guinea1. The data were made public that same month. Two months later, our group at the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, sequenced 99 more Ebola genomes, from patients at the Kenema Government Hospital in Sierra Leone.
Uncertainties over whether the information belongs to local governments or data collectors present further barriers to sharing. So, too, does the absence of patient consent, common for data collected in emergencies — especially given the vulnerability of patients and their families to stigmatization and exploitation during outbreaks. Ebola survivors, for instance, risk being shunned because of fears that they will infect others.
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Tensions linger over discovery of coronavirus
Dreams of flu data
Nature special: Ebola outbreak
More related stories
We immediately uploaded the data to the public database GenBank (see go.nature.com/aotpbk). Our priority was to help curb the outbreak. Colleagues who had worked with us for a decade were at the front lines and in immediate danger; some later died. We were amazed by the surge of collaboration that followed. Numerous experts from diverse disciplines, including drug and vaccine developers, contacted us. We also formed unexpected alliances — for instance, with a leading evolutionary virologist, who helped us to investigate when the strain of virus causing the current outbreak arose.
The genomic data confirmed that the virus had spread from Guinea to Sierra Leone, and indicated that the outbreak was being sustained by human-to-human transmission, not contact with bats or some other carrier. They also suggested new probable routes of infection and, importantly, revealed where and how fast mutations were occurring2. This information is crucial to designing effective diagnostics, vaccines and antibody-based therapies.
What followed was three months of stasis, during which no new virus sequence information was made public (see 'Gaps in the data'). Some genomes are known to have been generated during this time from patients treated in the United States3. The number is likely to have been much larger: thousands of samples were transferred to researchers' freezers across the world.
Sources: Sequences, NCBI/virological.org; Ebola cases, WHO
Expand
In an increasingly connected world, rapid sequencing, combined with new ways to collect clinical and epidemiological data, could transform our response to outbreaks. But the power of these potentially massive data sets to combat epidemics will be realized only if the data are shared as widely and as quickly as possible. Currently, no good guidelines exist to ensure that this happens.
Speed is everything
Researchers working on outbreaks — from Ebola to West Nile virus — must agree on standards and practices that promote and reward cooperation. If these protocols are endorsed internationally, the global research community will be able to share crucial information immediately wherever and whenever an outbreak occurs.
The rapid dissemination of results during outbreaks is sporadic at best. In the case of influenza, an international consortium of researchers called GISAID established a framework for good practice in 2006. Largely thanks to this, during the 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak, the US National Center for Biotechnology Information created a public repository that became a go-to place for the community to deposit and locate H1N1 sequence information4. By contrast, the publishing of sequence information in the early stages of the 2012 Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak in Saudi Arabia highlighted uncertainties about intellectual-property rights, and the resulting disputes hampered subsequent access to samples.
Hasan Jamali/AP
Pilgrims in Saudi Arabia try to protect themselves from Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) virus.
Sharing data is especially important and especially difficult during an outbreak. Researchers are racing against the clock. Every outbreak can mobilize a different mixture of people — depending on the microbe and location involved — bringing together communities with different norms, in wildly different places. Uncertainties over whether the information belongs to local governments or data collectors present further barriers to sharing. So, too, does the absence of patient consent, common for data collected in emergencies — especially given the vulnerability of patients and their families to stigmatization and exploitation during outbreaks. Ebola survivors, for instance, risk being shunned because of fears that they will infect others.
Nature special: Ebola outbreak
Fortunately, useful models for responsible data sharing have been developed by the broader genomics community. In 1996, at a summit held in Bermuda, the heads of the major labs involved in the Human Genome Project agreed to submit DNA sequence assemblies of 1,000 bases or more to GenBank within 24 hours of producing them5, 6. In exchange, the sequencing centres retained the right to be the first to publish findings based on their own complete data sets, by laying out their plans for analyses in 'marker' papers.
This rapid release of genomic data served the field well. New information on 30 disease genes, for instance, was published before the release of the complete human genome sequence. Since 1996, the Bermuda principles have been extended to other types of sequence data and to other fields that generate large data sets, such as metabolite research.
Guidelines for sharing
More-recent policies on data release similarly seek to align the interests of different parties, including funding agencies, data producers, data users and analysts, and scientific publishers. Since January, for example, the US National Institutes of Health has required grantees to make large-scale genomics data public by the time of publication at the latest, with earlier deadlines for some kinds of data7.
We urge those at the forefront of outbreak research to forge similar agreements, taking into account the unique circumstances of an outbreak.
First, incentives and safeguards should be created to encourage people to release their data quickly into the public domain. One possibility is to request that data users (and publishers) honour the publication intentions of data producers — the questions and analyses that they want to pursue themselves — for, say, six months. These intentions could be broadcast through several channels, including citable marker papers, disclaimer notices on data repositories such as GenBank, and online forums, such as virological.org and the EpiFlu database. Alternatively, data producers could publish an announcement about their data and their intentions on online forums as a resource that can be used by others as long as they cite the original source.
“We urge researchers working on outbreaks to embrace a culture of openness.”
Second, ethical, rigorous and standardized protocols for the collection of samples and data from patients should be established to facilitate the generation and sharing of that information. A global consortium involving the leading health and research agencies and the ministries of health of engaged nations should work together towards establishing these. Ethicists should be involved to safeguard subjects' privacy and dignity. Biosecurity experts will also be needed to address potential dual-use research and other safety concerns. A helpful analogue is the approach used by the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Initiative, which aims to apply genomics to improving the health of African populations. Since August 2013, H3Africa has used standard consent-form guidelines8 for collecting DNA samples from subjects for genomic studies, regardless of their country of origin.
Toshifumi Kitamura/AFP/Getty
Quarantine officers rush to test passengers at Tokyo's Narita airport amid the 2009 swine-flu outbreak.
Lastly, any preparation for future outbreaks should include provisions for rapidly building new bridges and establishing community norms. Successful collaborations in genomics and historical data-sharing agreements have tended to involve a fairly stable group of individuals and organizations, making norms of behaviour relatively easy to establish and sustain. By contrast, outbreaks can involve a new cast of characters each time, and cases in which the pathogen is new to science call for whole new fields of research.
The Kenema way
As a first step, we call on health agencies such as the World Health Organization, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Médecins Sans Frontières, as well as genome-sequencing centres and other research institutions, to convene a meeting this year — similar to that held in Bermuda in 1996. Attendees must include scientists, funders, ethicists, biosecurity experts, social scientists and journal editors.
We urge researchers working on outbreaks to embrace a culture of openness. For our part, we have released all our sequence data as soon as it has been generated, including that from several hundred more Ebola samples we recently received from Kenema. We have listed the research questions that we are pursuing at virological.org and through GenBank, and we plan to present our results at virological.org as we generate them, for others to weigh in on. We invite people either to join our publication, or to prepare their own while openly laying out their intentions online. We have also made clinical data for 100 patients publicly available and have incorporated these into a user-friendly data-visualization tool, Mirador, to allow others to explore the data and uncover new insights.
Kenema means 'translucent, clear like a river stream' or 'open to the public gaze'9. To honour the memory of our colleagues who died at the forefront of the Ebola outbreak, and to ensure that no future epidemic is as devastating, let's work openly in outbreaks.
Nature 518, 477–479 (26 February 2015) doi:10.1038/518477a
Whilst most researchers appreciate the benefits of sharing research data, on an individual basis they may be reluctant to share their own data.
The "Showing the Seed" study, commissioned by Knowledge Exchange, has gathered evidence, examples and opinions on current and future incentives for research data sharing from the researcher’s point of view, in order to provide recommendations for policy and practice development on how best to incentivise data access and reuse.
This study is based on qualitative interviews with 22 selected researchers of five research teams that have established data sharing cultures, in the partner countries of Knowledge Exchange: Denmark, Finland, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom.The five case studies span various academic disciplines: arts and humanities, social sciences, biomedicine, chemistry and biology.