This document discusses recessions and their causes. It defines a recession as a period of declining economic activity and lists some indicators of a recession, including a falling gross domestic product, rising unemployment, and reduced consumption and income. The document explains that recessions can be caused by overproduction when supply exceeds demand, or by a loss of consumer confidence leading to reduced spending. Specific examples like the September 11th terrorist attacks are given to show how external events can trigger a recession by creating fear and cancelling economic activity. In conclusion, the document quotes that recessions will inevitably be followed by renewed prosperity and growth.