Develop the agrifood trade (especially the fruit & vegetables sector) in an i...Francois Stepman
29 May 2020. Webinar: 'Doing Business in Post COVID-19 Agrofood Sector'
Presentation of Mr Jeremy Knops, DG Coleacp: the expertise and support COLEACP can provide for agrofood entrepreneurs.
Chahir Zaki
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - The African Agriculture Trade Monitor 2020
Co-Organized by IFPRI and AKADEMIYA2063
OCT 20, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 10:45 AM EDT
1) The document discusses key determinants of African agricultural exports, grouping them into five categories: production capacity, cost of trade, trade policies, domestic agricultural supports, and global market shocks.
2) Gravity models are estimated using data from 2013 to examine the empirical relevance and relative importance of these determinants on African exports globally and within Africa.
3) The results show that production capacity, trade policies, and domestic supports in importing countries are significant determinants of African agricultural exports, while costs of trade and domestic policies in exporting countries have less influence.
Rising food prices and implications for information needsJohan Lorenzen
Rising global food prices and domestic food security in Uganda require ongoing monitoring and analysis of indicators to understand trends and impacts. Key information needs include:
1) Monitoring domestic food prices, production, consumption and nutrition status to track food security.
2) Analyzing indicators to identify causes of changes, such as whether rising prices stem from global markets, weather, or other factors.
3) Assessing relationships between indicators like how crop failures or price hikes affect households.
4) Evaluating impacts of policies on food security, which requires methods like randomized trials. Balancing data collection costs and accuracy is important for effective policy responses.
This document discusses a workshop assessing the linkages between OECD policies and Tanzania's agro-food systems and food security. It provides context on policy coherence for development and how OECD domestic agricultural policies can impact developing countries through international markets. Specifically, it examines Tanzania's sugar sector and how OECD sugar policies and international sugar markets may affect Tanzania's sugar production and trade. While OECD countries historically supported their sugar producers, leading to lower international prices, Tanzania has benefited from preferential trade agreements for sugar exports to the EU.
The Regional Integrated Trade and Food Security Strategy outlines USAID ECAM's program interventions to support regional food security in Central America through 2022. The strategy will focus on three main areas: 1) Improving trade and market access for critical agriculture value chains; 2) Promoting effective food security policies and governance among Central American governments; and 3) Fostering sustainable agriculture practices through research and development. Regional coordination is needed to address food insecurity given Central America's integrated trade and the cross-border nature of many issues.
Global Dental Care Market Analysis Sample ReportInsights10
This report presents a strategic analysis of the Global Dental Care Market and a forecast for its development in the medium and long term. It provides a broad overview of the market dynamics, trends and insights, growth drivers and restraints, segmentation, competitive landscape, healthcare policies and regulatory framework, reimbursement scenario, challenges and future outlook.
To get a detailed report, contact us at - info@insights10.com
Develop the agrifood trade (especially the fruit & vegetables sector) in an i...Francois Stepman
29 May 2020. Webinar: 'Doing Business in Post COVID-19 Agrofood Sector'
Presentation of Mr Jeremy Knops, DG Coleacp: the expertise and support COLEACP can provide for agrofood entrepreneurs.
Chahir Zaki
POLICY SEMINAR
Virtual Event - The African Agriculture Trade Monitor 2020
Co-Organized by IFPRI and AKADEMIYA2063
OCT 20, 2020 - 09:30 AM TO 10:45 AM EDT
1) The document discusses key determinants of African agricultural exports, grouping them into five categories: production capacity, cost of trade, trade policies, domestic agricultural supports, and global market shocks.
2) Gravity models are estimated using data from 2013 to examine the empirical relevance and relative importance of these determinants on African exports globally and within Africa.
3) The results show that production capacity, trade policies, and domestic supports in importing countries are significant determinants of African agricultural exports, while costs of trade and domestic policies in exporting countries have less influence.
Rising food prices and implications for information needsJohan Lorenzen
Rising global food prices and domestic food security in Uganda require ongoing monitoring and analysis of indicators to understand trends and impacts. Key information needs include:
1) Monitoring domestic food prices, production, consumption and nutrition status to track food security.
2) Analyzing indicators to identify causes of changes, such as whether rising prices stem from global markets, weather, or other factors.
3) Assessing relationships between indicators like how crop failures or price hikes affect households.
4) Evaluating impacts of policies on food security, which requires methods like randomized trials. Balancing data collection costs and accuracy is important for effective policy responses.
This document discusses a workshop assessing the linkages between OECD policies and Tanzania's agro-food systems and food security. It provides context on policy coherence for development and how OECD domestic agricultural policies can impact developing countries through international markets. Specifically, it examines Tanzania's sugar sector and how OECD sugar policies and international sugar markets may affect Tanzania's sugar production and trade. While OECD countries historically supported their sugar producers, leading to lower international prices, Tanzania has benefited from preferential trade agreements for sugar exports to the EU.
The Regional Integrated Trade and Food Security Strategy outlines USAID ECAM's program interventions to support regional food security in Central America through 2022. The strategy will focus on three main areas: 1) Improving trade and market access for critical agriculture value chains; 2) Promoting effective food security policies and governance among Central American governments; and 3) Fostering sustainable agriculture practices through research and development. Regional coordination is needed to address food insecurity given Central America's integrated trade and the cross-border nature of many issues.
Global Dental Care Market Analysis Sample ReportInsights10
This report presents a strategic analysis of the Global Dental Care Market and a forecast for its development in the medium and long term. It provides a broad overview of the market dynamics, trends and insights, growth drivers and restraints, segmentation, competitive landscape, healthcare policies and regulatory framework, reimbursement scenario, challenges and future outlook.
To get a detailed report, contact us at - info@insights10.com
The document assesses the export marketing challenges facing Ethiopian vegetable and fruit commercial growers. It finds that while external barriers like industry and macroenvironment challenges are rated as moderately important obstacles, internal barriers related to company resources and product quality are also issues. The top three challenges identified are human resource barriers, quality control barriers, and competition from other exporters. The study provides background on Ethiopia's vegetable and fruit export performance and will help growers and policymakers address weaknesses hampering the sector's export potential.
The document summarizes the current status of the Philippine mango industry in the global value chain. It finds that while the Philippines is one of the leading exporters of dried mangoes, its participation in fresh mango exports is limited. Other countries like Mexico, Peru, Brazil, India and Thailand have emerged as major mango exporters and now threaten the Philippines' position. The status of the Philippine mango industry can be strengthened by improving competitiveness, productivity, meeting international standards, and developing new technologies to deal with challenges like pests and diseases. The study used a descriptive research design to analyze the Philippines' integration in the global mango value chain.
The document discusses research gaps on food security and nutrition under the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP). It identifies the top research gaps as food access/availability, value chain development, children and women malnutrition, market access, climate change and agroforestry, and post-harvest losses. It also describes the role of the Food Security Portal in providing information to policymakers, enabling information sharing and coordination, and influencing policy to increase food security.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Food Security in Ethiopia – An Interim Analysisessp2
This document summarizes the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security in Ethiopia. It finds that the pandemic is likely to have large short-term negative economic effects through impacts on exports, imports, remittances and domestic lockdown measures. This will reduce GDP, household incomes, employment and agricultural market functioning. Many households are already experiencing income losses, higher food prices and shifts away from nutritious foods. Recommendations include continuing the government's response, addressing misinformation, expanding social safety nets and implementing selective lockdowns.
This document provides information on India's agricultural sector, with a focus on crops with export potential. It discusses:
- Agriculture's importance to India's economy and employment.
- India's diverse climate and soil types allow for varied crop production.
- Mango is India's most important fruit, with India the world's largest mango producer. However, India lags in agricultural productivity and export competitiveness compared to other countries.
- The study profiles 16 crops including various fruits, vegetables, spices and commercial crops to understand their export potential based on production, demand, and market requirements. It aims to build industry capacity and establish an online database to promote Indian agricultural exports.
Codes of conduct and marketing strategies in kenya’s horticultural sectorAlexander Decker
The document discusses codes of conduct and marketing strategies in Kenya's horticultural sector. It provides context on how codes of conduct emerged in response to increasing demands for food safety and quality from European markets. It then examines Kenya's Horticultural Crops Development Authority (HCDA) code of conduct, which promotes contractual relationships between exporters and smallholder farmers. The paper aims to analyze these business-to-business relationships using a case study approach and strategic marketing framework to understand the purpose, target markets, and strategies around competition, growth, promotion, distribution, and pricing. The analysis reveals that contracts serve to manage quality produce procurement and strategies differ based on whether contracts are written or verbal.
Codes of conduct and marketing strategies in kenya’s horticultural sectorAlexander Decker
The document discusses codes of conduct and marketing strategies in Kenya's horticultural sector. It provides background on how codes of conduct developed between exporters and smallholder farmers in response to increasing demands for food safety and quality from European markets. The HCDA code of conduct established guidelines for contractual relationships between exporters and smallholders growing French beans. Exporters use written contracts with organized smallholder groups and verbal contracts with independent smallholders. The strategies around these different contract types, such as purpose, targets, competition, growth, promotion, distribution, and pricing, are then analyzed based on the code of conduct framework.
U.S. Organic Mango Market. Analysis and Forecast To 2025IndexBox Marketing
This document provides a sample report on the U.S. organic mango market from 2017-2025. It includes analysis of market size, production, imports, exports, and prices of both organic and conventional mangoes. The report contains tables and figures presenting historical data from 2007-2015 as well as forecasts for market trends through 2025. It examines supply and demand factors, market segmentation, import and export sources, and price developments.
The Brussels Development Briefing n. 57 on “Investing in smallholder agriculture for food security and nutrition” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid and the ACP Secretariat was held on Wednesday 11th September 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C. The Briefing discussed smallholder agriculture and its key role in delivering food security/nutrition, and sustainable food systems, as recognised in SDG 2.
This document summarizes projections for Africa's agricultural economy in 2030 and 2050. It finds that under a scenario of continued strong GDP growth, Africa will see major improvements in food security, though climate change may reduce crop yields. The International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT) is used to project increases in African agricultural production, demand, trade, and prices of commodities like cereals, meat, and roots/tubers. With policies supporting agriculture, rural development, and adaptation, Africa could largely overcome hunger risks by 2050 despite climate impacts.
South Africa Contraceptive Devices Market Analysis Sample ReportInsights10
The South Africa Contraceptive Devices Market is expected to witness growth from $84 Mn in 2022 to $170 Mn in 2030 with a CAGR of 9.23% for the forecasted year 2022-2030. The huge young population in South Africa is fueling demand for more inventive and adaptable contraceptive methods that may accommodate their changing wants and lifestyles. The market is segmented by type and by gender. To get a detailed report, contact us at - info@insights10.com
The document discusses reducing food price variability in Sub-Saharan Africa. Two major events in 2008 highlighted the need for intervention in agricultural markets and risk management tools: 1) The global food crisis put agriculture at the top of policy agendas as food prices became more variable in Africa. 2) The financial crisis undermined faith in self-correcting markets. Vulnerability to price fluctuations affects the poor. The report analyzes different types of instruments to reduce price risk, including private market mechanisms, government policies, and safety nets. It also provides a framework to assess which instruments are most suitable for different country contexts in Sub-Saharan Africa based on market development.
Ethiopian exports growth characteristics, dynamics and survival berihu-asse...Berihu Assefa Gebrehiwot
Using both aggregate and firm-level Customs data, this paper examines Ethiopia’s export performance and dynamics over the period 1995/1996 – 2014/2015 from various dimensions. Specifically, we attempt to address the following issues:
(i) How concentrated/diversified are Ethiopia’s exports in terms of exporters, products, and markets? Or, over the past decade or so, has Ethiopia added economically significant numbers of new products and markets to its export portfolio.
(ii) To what extent do Ethiopian exporters survive beyond their first year of entry to the export market?
(iii) And finally we decompose export growth/contraction into intensive and extensive margins to see what drives export change in Ethiopia.
Modern Trends of Sustainable Development in the Sugar MarketIgor Britchenko
Purpose: Sugar is the most common food product necessary for human life, the main component of which is sucrose and other impurities. The exchange-based nature of the sugar trade makes it easier to enter the market and helps to remove market barriers. The world sugar market is one of the most important in the system of food markets. Approach/Methodology/Design: Within the study, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, such as generalization, comparison, abstract-logical analysis, index method, etc. were used. Findings: At the present stage, the world sugar market is characterised by significant qualitative changes, which occur due to the influence of factors determining the conjuncture, and the development of international globalisation processes. The correlation between supply and demand in different regions and countries and the structure are changing, and there is regional redistribution of cane and beet sugar exports and imports. Today, people are interested in production of classic white sugar, pressed or molded lump sugar, candy sugar, powdered sugar and water sugar syrup. Alternative uses of raw sugar have emerged that have a significant impact on market trends and price volatility (primarily bioethanol, biogas, and sugar substitute markets), price volatility has increased. Practical Implications: The results of the performed analysis are necessary for assessing the level of food security of sugar market and for the growth of export of that product, taking into account the trends and conditions for the functioning of the agro-food sector. The main trends in the development of the world sugar market are changes in the structure of its consumption, characterised by an increase in demand for sugar from the food industry and a decrease in consumption by the population, as well as the increased role of bioethanol production. Originality/Value: The results of the analysis are necessary to assess the level of food safety and to develop a strategy that takes into account the current trends in the global sugar market. Prospective directions for the sustainable development of the sugar market have been developed.
Ukraine Crisis Webinar Series - Session II.pptxAKADEMIYA2063
Session III of our Ukraine Crisis Webinar Series will discuss the key findings from AKADEMIYA2063's analysis of global market upheavals in the fertilizer sector with a focus on exposure, contagion & effects on agricultural productivity & growth. Based on AKADEMIYA2063's Ukraine Briefs 3 & 8, the session will analyze the overall impacts of fertilizer sector disruptions, discuss how the disruption of global fertilizer markets is expected to reduce fertilizer use & the potential impacts of the reduction in fertilizer use on agricultural sector outputs.
Africa has become a net importer of food since the mid-1970s, with its food trade deficit exceeding $13 billion by 2005. While some countries can afford food imports due to oil/mineral wealth or industrialization, many cash-strapped countries struggle to pay high food bills without compromising development. Only about a third of African countries had sufficient agricultural export revenues in 2007 to cover their food import costs. This document seeks to explain Africa's rising food trade deficit by examining factors affecting both food demand and supply, such as population growth, low agricultural productivity, policy distortions, infrastructure issues, and conflicts. Potential policy solutions around domestic reforms, regional integration, and improving input access/technology are also discussed.
1) The document examines the impact of Egypt's rice export restriction policy on producers, consumers, and societal welfare.
2) It finds that the policy did not achieve its goal of making rice available to consumers at reasonable prices, instead doubling rice prices in the market.
3) The policy benefited producers by increasing producer surplus, but harmed consumers who faced significant losses from higher prices. This led to an overall negative impact on societal welfare.
The CAADP, ECOWAP, APP, NAIP and Poverty and Hunger reduction in NigeriaFrancois Stepman
The document discusses agriculture policies and programs in Nigeria and West Africa, including the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP) and ECOWAS Agriculture Policy (ECOWAP). It provides context on these frameworks and their goals of promoting agricultural growth, food security, poverty reduction, and regional economic integration. The document also examines Nigeria's National Agriculture Investment Plan (NAIP) and implementation of CAADP/ECOWAP at various levels from global to national to local. Key commitments and targets outlined in the Malabo Declaration to achieve agricultural transformation by 2025 are also summarized.
An Economic Inquiry into Ethiopian Exports: Pattern, characteristics, Dynamic...essp2
The document presents an economic analysis of Ethiopia's exports from 1995 to 2014. It finds that while Ethiopia's GDP and imports have grown substantially, export growth has been more modest, causing the trade deficit to widen. Exports are highly concentrated in commodities like coffee, making Ethiopia vulnerable to global price fluctuations. The analysis examines trade trends, composition, and dynamics using aggregate and firm-level data to evaluate Ethiopia's export performance and identify opportunities for diversification and growth.
This document discusses the socioeconomic challenges and potential for hydrogen (H2) production in West Africa. It provides background on West Africa's economic development strategies since the 1950s, which have shifted from industry-led growth to agriculture-led growth and poverty reduction. Charts show current electricity production, access, and renewable energy capacity in the ECOWAS region are still relatively low. The document forecasts significant growth in renewable energy generation capacity through 2030, which could enable production of green hydrogen in the region at an affordable price of under $1.5/kg by 2040. In conclusion, it presents on the technical potential for green hydrogen production in West Africa.
The document summarizes the key discussions and conclusions from the 2023 ReSAKSS Annual Conference. Some of the main points discussed include:
1) The need for quality data and integrated data systems to inform decision-making and track progress on food system transformation.
2) Challenges in achieving CAADP/Malabo targets and setting priorities for the post-Malabo agenda given legacy issues and new challenges.
3) Emerging themes that should be research focus areas, such as nutrition-smart pathways, food safety, climate adaptation economics, and gender transformation.
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The document assesses the export marketing challenges facing Ethiopian vegetable and fruit commercial growers. It finds that while external barriers like industry and macroenvironment challenges are rated as moderately important obstacles, internal barriers related to company resources and product quality are also issues. The top three challenges identified are human resource barriers, quality control barriers, and competition from other exporters. The study provides background on Ethiopia's vegetable and fruit export performance and will help growers and policymakers address weaknesses hampering the sector's export potential.
The document summarizes the current status of the Philippine mango industry in the global value chain. It finds that while the Philippines is one of the leading exporters of dried mangoes, its participation in fresh mango exports is limited. Other countries like Mexico, Peru, Brazil, India and Thailand have emerged as major mango exporters and now threaten the Philippines' position. The status of the Philippine mango industry can be strengthened by improving competitiveness, productivity, meeting international standards, and developing new technologies to deal with challenges like pests and diseases. The study used a descriptive research design to analyze the Philippines' integration in the global mango value chain.
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The COVID-19 Pandemic and Food Security in Ethiopia – An Interim Analysisessp2
This document summarizes the potential impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food security in Ethiopia. It finds that the pandemic is likely to have large short-term negative economic effects through impacts on exports, imports, remittances and domestic lockdown measures. This will reduce GDP, household incomes, employment and agricultural market functioning. Many households are already experiencing income losses, higher food prices and shifts away from nutritious foods. Recommendations include continuing the government's response, addressing misinformation, expanding social safety nets and implementing selective lockdowns.
This document provides information on India's agricultural sector, with a focus on crops with export potential. It discusses:
- Agriculture's importance to India's economy and employment.
- India's diverse climate and soil types allow for varied crop production.
- Mango is India's most important fruit, with India the world's largest mango producer. However, India lags in agricultural productivity and export competitiveness compared to other countries.
- The study profiles 16 crops including various fruits, vegetables, spices and commercial crops to understand their export potential based on production, demand, and market requirements. It aims to build industry capacity and establish an online database to promote Indian agricultural exports.
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The document discusses codes of conduct and marketing strategies in Kenya's horticultural sector. It provides context on how codes of conduct emerged in response to increasing demands for food safety and quality from European markets. It then examines Kenya's Horticultural Crops Development Authority (HCDA) code of conduct, which promotes contractual relationships between exporters and smallholder farmers. The paper aims to analyze these business-to-business relationships using a case study approach and strategic marketing framework to understand the purpose, target markets, and strategies around competition, growth, promotion, distribution, and pricing. The analysis reveals that contracts serve to manage quality produce procurement and strategies differ based on whether contracts are written or verbal.
Codes of conduct and marketing strategies in kenya’s horticultural sectorAlexander Decker
The document discusses codes of conduct and marketing strategies in Kenya's horticultural sector. It provides background on how codes of conduct developed between exporters and smallholder farmers in response to increasing demands for food safety and quality from European markets. The HCDA code of conduct established guidelines for contractual relationships between exporters and smallholders growing French beans. Exporters use written contracts with organized smallholder groups and verbal contracts with independent smallholders. The strategies around these different contract types, such as purpose, targets, competition, growth, promotion, distribution, and pricing, are then analyzed based on the code of conduct framework.
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The Brussels Development Briefing n. 57 on “Investing in smallholder agriculture for food security and nutrition” organised by CTA, the European Commission/EuropeAid and the ACP Secretariat was held on Wednesday 11th September 2019, 9h00-13h00 at the ACP Secretariat, Avenue Georges Henri 451, 1200 Brussels, Room C. The Briefing discussed smallholder agriculture and its key role in delivering food security/nutrition, and sustainable food systems, as recognised in SDG 2.
This document summarizes projections for Africa's agricultural economy in 2030 and 2050. It finds that under a scenario of continued strong GDP growth, Africa will see major improvements in food security, though climate change may reduce crop yields. The International Model for Policy Analysis of Agricultural Commodities and Trade (IMPACT) is used to project increases in African agricultural production, demand, trade, and prices of commodities like cereals, meat, and roots/tubers. With policies supporting agriculture, rural development, and adaptation, Africa could largely overcome hunger risks by 2050 despite climate impacts.
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The document discusses reducing food price variability in Sub-Saharan Africa. Two major events in 2008 highlighted the need for intervention in agricultural markets and risk management tools: 1) The global food crisis put agriculture at the top of policy agendas as food prices became more variable in Africa. 2) The financial crisis undermined faith in self-correcting markets. Vulnerability to price fluctuations affects the poor. The report analyzes different types of instruments to reduce price risk, including private market mechanisms, government policies, and safety nets. It also provides a framework to assess which instruments are most suitable for different country contexts in Sub-Saharan Africa based on market development.
Ethiopian exports growth characteristics, dynamics and survival berihu-asse...Berihu Assefa Gebrehiwot
Using both aggregate and firm-level Customs data, this paper examines Ethiopia’s export performance and dynamics over the period 1995/1996 – 2014/2015 from various dimensions. Specifically, we attempt to address the following issues:
(i) How concentrated/diversified are Ethiopia’s exports in terms of exporters, products, and markets? Or, over the past decade or so, has Ethiopia added economically significant numbers of new products and markets to its export portfolio.
(ii) To what extent do Ethiopian exporters survive beyond their first year of entry to the export market?
(iii) And finally we decompose export growth/contraction into intensive and extensive margins to see what drives export change in Ethiopia.
Modern Trends of Sustainable Development in the Sugar MarketIgor Britchenko
Purpose: Sugar is the most common food product necessary for human life, the main component of which is sucrose and other impurities. The exchange-based nature of the sugar trade makes it easier to enter the market and helps to remove market barriers. The world sugar market is one of the most important in the system of food markets. Approach/Methodology/Design: Within the study, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, such as generalization, comparison, abstract-logical analysis, index method, etc. were used. Findings: At the present stage, the world sugar market is characterised by significant qualitative changes, which occur due to the influence of factors determining the conjuncture, and the development of international globalisation processes. The correlation between supply and demand in different regions and countries and the structure are changing, and there is regional redistribution of cane and beet sugar exports and imports. Today, people are interested in production of classic white sugar, pressed or molded lump sugar, candy sugar, powdered sugar and water sugar syrup. Alternative uses of raw sugar have emerged that have a significant impact on market trends and price volatility (primarily bioethanol, biogas, and sugar substitute markets), price volatility has increased. Practical Implications: The results of the performed analysis are necessary for assessing the level of food security of sugar market and for the growth of export of that product, taking into account the trends and conditions for the functioning of the agro-food sector. The main trends in the development of the world sugar market are changes in the structure of its consumption, characterised by an increase in demand for sugar from the food industry and a decrease in consumption by the population, as well as the increased role of bioethanol production. Originality/Value: The results of the analysis are necessary to assess the level of food safety and to develop a strategy that takes into account the current trends in the global sugar market. Prospective directions for the sustainable development of the sugar market have been developed.
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Africa has become a net importer of food since the mid-1970s, with its food trade deficit exceeding $13 billion by 2005. While some countries can afford food imports due to oil/mineral wealth or industrialization, many cash-strapped countries struggle to pay high food bills without compromising development. Only about a third of African countries had sufficient agricultural export revenues in 2007 to cover their food import costs. This document seeks to explain Africa's rising food trade deficit by examining factors affecting both food demand and supply, such as population growth, low agricultural productivity, policy distortions, infrastructure issues, and conflicts. Potential policy solutions around domestic reforms, regional integration, and improving input access/technology are also discussed.
1) The document examines the impact of Egypt's rice export restriction policy on producers, consumers, and societal welfare.
2) It finds that the policy did not achieve its goal of making rice available to consumers at reasonable prices, instead doubling rice prices in the market.
3) The policy benefited producers by increasing producer surplus, but harmed consumers who faced significant losses from higher prices. This led to an overall negative impact on societal welfare.
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The document discusses agriculture policies and programs in Nigeria and West Africa, including the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Program (CAADP) and ECOWAS Agriculture Policy (ECOWAP). It provides context on these frameworks and their goals of promoting agricultural growth, food security, poverty reduction, and regional economic integration. The document also examines Nigeria's National Agriculture Investment Plan (NAIP) and implementation of CAADP/ECOWAP at various levels from global to national to local. Key commitments and targets outlined in the Malabo Declaration to achieve agricultural transformation by 2025 are also summarized.
An Economic Inquiry into Ethiopian Exports: Pattern, characteristics, Dynamic...essp2
The document presents an economic analysis of Ethiopia's exports from 1995 to 2014. It finds that while Ethiopia's GDP and imports have grown substantially, export growth has been more modest, causing the trade deficit to widen. Exports are highly concentrated in commodities like coffee, making Ethiopia vulnerable to global price fluctuations. The analysis examines trade trends, composition, and dynamics using aggregate and firm-level data to evaluate Ethiopia's export performance and identify opportunities for diversification and growth.
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1. Africa's food safety system faces many challenges like poor investment, fragmented management, and inadequate infrastructure, undermining food system transformation and posing public health and market access issues.
2. Recent policies prioritize food safety, but more transformative actions are needed to strengthen capacities like risk assessment, addressing the large informal sector, workforce development, and sustainable financing models.
3. The document outlines some paradigm shifts underway, including a "shared responsibility" approach, developing a food safety data hub, expanding standards to the informal sector, and strengthening technical training programs. With continued progress in these areas, Africa's food safety
Dr. Fleur Wouterse - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptxAKADEMIYA2063
This document discusses the economic impacts of climate change on food systems in Africa. It finds that climate extremes are the second leading cause of food insecurity in Africa, after conflict. Future warming is projected to reduce yields for staple crops across most of Africa. The food system is failing to provide food security. To build resilient food systems, countries are looking to mainstream climate risk and adaptation. The economic effects of climate change are substantial, with reductions in GDP projected for Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, and Senegal by 2050. Climate-smart agriculture could help mitigate these economic impacts if widely adopted. However, significant investments are needed to equip land with soil/water conservation and improved seeds. Adaptation also requires building farmers'
Dr. Ebenezer M. Kwofie - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptxAKADEMIYA2063
The document discusses the potential for bioeconomy to transform African food systems in a sustainable way. It outlines several gaps currently inhibiting Africa's bioeconomy, including:
1) Marginal research focus and lack of technology transfer in bioeconomy fields.
2) Production gaps like low yields, management issues, and infrastructure shortcomings facing smallholder farmers.
3) Post-production gaps such as inadequate storage, high post-harvest losses, reliance on unsustainable materials, and underperformance in processing.
It also reviews regional bioeconomy plans and policies across Africa and calls for a unified continental strategy, more STEM education and skills training, increased funding, and collaboration across sectors to fully realize bio
Dr. Agnes Quisumbing - 2023 ReSAKSS ConferenceAKADEMIYA2063
Senior Research Fellow at IFPRI Agnes Quisumbing discusses gender and food systems transformation. She notes that approximately 1.23 billion people are involved in agrifood systems globally, with most jobs in developing countries in these systems. However, structural gender inequalities exist that compound other inequalities like poverty. While some changes to food systems can increase inequalities, interventions may promote gender equity if designed well. Evidence shows increasing women's empowerment through various measures can contribute to improved food security and economic outcomes, though context is important. Certain projects aiming to empower women in agriculture have shown success by addressing underlying gender norms and involving women's groups and other community members.
Dr. Paul Guthiga - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptxAKADEMIYA2063
The document summarizes a presentation on food system diagnostics and policy implications in Malawi. It discusses how food system diagnostics were conducted in Malawi to assess components, challenges, and policy gaps. The diagnostics identified that Malawi's food system faces issues like high levels of food insecurity, limited dietary diversity, and low agricultural productivity. It was found that policies focus more on production than other areas. The diagnostics provide evidence to inform policies that pursue a holistic food systems approach to improve nutrition, reduce food loss, and promote regional trade integration in Malawi. Lessons highlight the importance of resources, tools, stakeholder engagement and data to effectively conduct food system diagnostics.
Committing to Transform Food Systems: Responsiveness of pledges by African governments to the WHO Priority Food Systems Policies and select CAADP Biennial Review Indicators
This document provides a recap of Day 1 and the program for Day 2 of the 2023 ReSAKSS conference. Day 1 included side events on climate change and data analytics in African food systems. There were presentations on the conference objectives, an overview of the 2023 ATOR report, and a panel discussion on the CAADP experience. Day 2's program includes presentations and discussions on tracking progress under Malabo, approaches to accelerating food systems transformation, and emerging themes. The 2023 ATOR report and conference materials will be made available online after the event.
The 2023 ATOR aims to contribute evidence and analysis to guide the design of the post-Malabo agenda for agricultural development in Africa. It reviews progress since 2003, noting that while Africa made gains, challenges remain or have been exacerbated by recent shocks. The report examines methodologies for food systems assessment and strategic issues like nutrition, climate change, and data gaps. Key themes are the need for innovation, collaboration, strengthened capacities, evidence-based planning, improved data, and analytical tools to inform the next phase of Africa's agricultural transformation.
Dr. Ousmane Badiane - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptxAKADEMIYA2063
This document outlines priorities and knowledge gaps for developing the post-Malabo agenda in African agriculture. It discusses both opportunities to build upon the progress made under CAADP as well as challenges to address, such as the effects of climate change, vulnerability to economic shocks, and changing demand constraints for smallholder farmers. Key data and knowledge gaps are identified in areas like investment prioritization and effectiveness, climate adaptation options, emerging agro-industry dynamics, and community-level vulnerability assessments. The document calls for analytics to help fill these gaps and better target and implement the post-Malabo agricultural development goals in Africa.
Dr Jean Paul Latyr FAYE - 2023 ReSAKSS Conference.pptxAKADEMIYA2063
This document discusses using machine learning and earth observation data to map crops in Rwanda and Senegal. Satellite sensors collect data across electromagnetic spectra that is used to calculate indices like NDVI. Machine learning models like random forest classifiers are trained on this data paired with ground truth crop locations to classify pixels as different crop types. The models were able to accurately map maize fields in Rwanda and groundnut fields in Senegal. With more training data, this approach could map crops across entire countries to help monitor food production systems.
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.Christina Parmionova
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019Partito democratico
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
Monitoring Health for the SDGs - Global Health Statistics 2024 - WHOChristina Parmionova
The 2024 World Health Statistics edition reviews more than 50 health-related indicators from the Sustainable Development Goals and WHO’s Thirteenth General Programme of Work. It also highlights the findings from the Global health estimates 2021, notably the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on life expectancy and healthy life expectancy.
Working with data is a challenge for many organizations. Nonprofits in particular may need to collect and analyze sensitive, incomplete, and/or biased historical data about people. In this talk, Dr. Cori Faklaris of UNC Charlotte provides an overview of current AI capabilities and weaknesses to consider when integrating current AI technologies into the data workflow. The talk is organized around three takeaways: (1) For better or sometimes worse, AI provides you with “infinite interns.” (2) Give people permission & guardrails to learn what works with these “interns” and what doesn’t. (3) Create a roadmap for adding in more AI to assist nonprofit work, along with strategies for bias mitigation.
1. Team Leader, GIZ ECOWAS Project, University of
Hohenheim, Germany
The Transatlantic Food Safety Regulations: the
emerging impact on Africa’s fruit exports
Olayinka Idowu Kareem
3. DIGRESSION: The Taxonomy of Trade Policy
Trade Policy
Non-Tariff
Measures
Exports
Measures
Technical
Measures
Tariffs
Ad-
Valorem
Non-Technical
Measures
• Sanitary and
Phytosanitary
Measures
• Technical Barrier
to Trade
• Pre-Shipment
Inspection and
Other
Formalities
• Contingent
Trade-
Protective
Measures
• Quantity
Control
Measures
• Subsidies,
Intellectual
Property, Rule
of Origin, etc.
Export-Related
Measures
Specific Tax Compound
Tariffs, etc.
22/03/2023 3
4. #2023 AGRODEP CONFERENCE
1. Introduction
Macroeconomic
Policies
Trade Policies
Tariffs
NTMs
Economic, Political
and Socio-cultural
Philosophy
5. #2023 AGRODEP CONFERENCE
Introduction Cont.
Trade policy is increasingly used as a soft/bargaining power to pursue non-trade external policy goals.
This enunciates the importance of trade policy in the context of global trade.
Food safety regulations (FSRs) stand out as relatively more important among the non-tariff measures
(NTMs) for Africa to access the transatlantic region’s markets.
FSRs enable countries to control the flow of unsafe food and feed.
The incidences/effects of FSRs have been aggravated and pronounced in the past few decades.
- because of the continuous tariffs’ decline.
Evidence indicates rising in FSRs since the global health pandemics such as COVID-19, Ebola, etc.,
The imposed transatlantic region’s FSRs have consequences for market access, particularly for Africa.
6. #2023 AGRODEP CONFERENCE
Introduction Cont.
FSRs impact magnitude is still an issue for an empirical investigation., especially for the US.
- due to the dearth of empirical evidence.
- the deficiency is affecting evidence-based and research-oriented policies that can stimulate
compliance and increase market access.
- impacting Africa’s fruit trade policy design, implementation and strategic planning/actions.
- impact the extent to which Africa can adequately negotiate trade arrangement.
Improved accessibility of Africa’s fruit exports to the EU and the US has the potential of increasing
the economic activities in the fruit subsector, which impact unemployment and poverty.
Africa’s attainment of sustainable development is linked in part to its export market access.
Hence, this study investigates the effects of the transatlantic region’s (the EU and US) food safety
regulations on Africa’s fruit exports.
7. • The US sets eligibility criteria to its market
access.
- based on conformity to the import treatment
requirements.
• 24 African countries are eligible for fruits
imports.
For fruits imports:
- South Africa (13), Morocco (12) & Tunisia (9)
had the highest number of eligible commodities.
• North Africa has more market access than others.
- in terms of intensive & extensive margins of
export.
7
2 2 2 2 2 2
4
2 2
1
3
2 2
12
1
2 2 2 2
13
2
9
6
Figure 1: List of Eligible African Countries and the Number of Fruits
Exports to the United States as of 2014
Fruits
Source: Compiled from USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
The United States Market
2. The Context: FSRs Impact
8. • In terms of the eligible commodities:
- 16 Africa’s fruits items are eligible.
• Bulk of the countries export banana
(20) and pineapple (22).
- the least exported commodities are
cranberry, kiwi and strawberry.
• Not all the eligible exporters actual
export to the US.
• Out of the 20 eligible banana
exporters,
- only 35% of them exported (7).
• Pineapple recorded 18% of
exporters.
• For grapefruits and oranges were
100%.
0
5
10
15
20
25
Apple
Apricots
Banana
Cherries
Cranberry
Grapefruits
Grapes
Kiwi
Lemons
Oranges
Peaches
Pears
Pineapple
Plums
Strawberry
Tangerines
2
3
20
1 1
4
6
1
3
4 4
6
22
5
1
4
Fig. 2a: Eligible Africa's Fruits to the United
States as of 2014
Eligible Country
Source: Compiled from USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
The United States Market Cont.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Fig. 2b: Number of African Countries that Actually
Exported Fruits to the United States, by 10 Top Eligible
Fruits as of 2014
9. • Consistent rise in Africa’s food exports to
the EU.
- except for 2012 & 2016.
• An oscillatory trend in the EU rejections of
Africa’s food exports.
• not always the case that the EU rejection
increases with rise in export.
- indicating no feedback relationship.
- owing to the MFN principle of FSRs.
- FSRs not directed to Africa.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fig. 3: Africa's Food Exports($'Billion) and the
Corresponding Incidence of Border Rejection
Rejection
FoodExport
22/03/2023 9
The EU Market
10. • Some similarities exist in the FSRs in both markets.
- 15 similar food safety measures exist.
- but the tolerant levels differ.
• EU imposes 9 FSRs that are not in the US portfolio.
• 25 US agri-food import treatments not in the EU.
- 9 of them are FSRs.
- 16 remaining measures are non-technical.
• The US has different layers of regulations.
- at the states and federal levels.
- with multiple agencies’ regulating on same
items.
• EU has harmonised their FSRs.
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Figure 4: Regulatory Similarity and Differential between the
EU and the US
European Union United States
The EU and US Regulatory Differential and Similarity
Source: Compiled from RASFF and USDA, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
11. #2023 AGRODEP CONFERENCE
3. State of the art
FSRs Literature Review
Strands of Findings
Trade-
Enhancing Mixed-Impact
Trade-
Inhibiting
Ignacio (2008), Jaffee and Henson
(2004), Henson and Jaffee (2009),
Henson and Humphrey (2008),
Maertens and Swinnen (2009), etc.
McCullough, Pingali, and Stamoulis
(2008), Swinnen (2007), Kareem
(2016b), Henson (2006), etc.
Otsuki et al. (2001), Kareem (2019),
Okello and Roy (2007), Kareem and
Rau (2018), Shepherd and Wilson
(2010), Kareem et al. (2016) etc.
12. #2023 AGRODEP CONFERENCE
4. The Model
This study investigates the effects of the transatlantic region’s FSRs on Africa’s fruit exports using the augmented
HMR theoretical framework with a two-stage selection model.
The first stage involves the specification of the probit model at the extensive margin of trade – the probability or
the decision to trade.
𝑌𝑖𝑗𝑡 = 𝛽1 + 𝛾𝑖𝑡 + 𝜌𝑗𝑡 + 𝐶𝑖𝑗𝜗 + 𝜋𝐸𝑖𝑗𝑡 + 𝛼𝐹𝑆𝑅𝑗𝑡 + 𝜀𝑖𝑗𝑡 1
The second stage is the intensive margin of trade – the actual trade – model that is specified using a linear
regression model:
𝑄𝑖𝑗𝑡 = 𝛽2 + 𝛾𝑖𝑡 + 𝜌𝑗𝑡 + 𝜋𝐹𝑆𝑅𝑗𝑡 + 𝐶𝑖𝑗𝜗 + 𝜑𝜎𝑖𝑗 + 𝜏𝑖𝑗 + 𝜀𝑖𝑗𝑡 2
13. #2023 AGRODEP CONFERENCE
4. The Model
Where 𝑌𝑖𝑗𝑡 is a dichotomous variable that takes 1 if the export from country i to j (the EU and the US) at
time t is nonzero, otherwise it is 0,
𝑄𝑖𝑗𝑡 is the export value from country i to j at time t.
The intercepts are 𝛽1and 𝛽2; importers' and exporters' fixed effects are 𝛾𝑖𝑡 and 𝜌𝑗𝑡, respectively.
𝐶𝑖𝑗 is the vector of pair-varying control variables such as economic size, distance, etc.
𝐸𝑖𝑗𝑡 stands for the exclusion variable which will not enter the second-stage regression.
𝜏𝑖𝑗 represents the unobservable firm heterogeneity - the number of firms exporting from country i to j.
The inverse mills' ratio is 𝜎𝑖𝑗, which is from the first-stage regression.
Data
It covers the period from 1995 to 2017 for 45 African countries in all the estimations – panel data.
Data sourced from the WITS database, WDI, Eurostat, etc.
Africa's aggregate exports of fruits are considered at the H-2-digit level and at the disaggregated HS-6-
digit level for the banana, which was obtained from WITS.
14. #2023 AGRODEP CONFERENCE
5. The Empirical Findings
Extensive margin: Fruits
The economic mass of the trading partners significantly propels fruit exports to the EU (0.2) and US (0.8).
- such that economic prosperity stimulates fruit exports more to the US than the EU.
The EU FSRs serve as inhibiting factors to the probability of exporting – 4.3%.
- implying that new and disappearing fruit exporters are discouraged to explore the EU market.
The US FSRs are not export-impeding and they did not discourage the probability of exporting.
- an additional per cent rise in the US FSR leads to 1.6% more fruit exports.
Trade regulatory institutions in Africa propel fruit export to the US (0.3%) but not to the EU (0.1%)
15. #2023 AGRODEP CONFERENCE
Extensive margin: Banana
5. Empirical Findings Cont.
The propensity to export bananas is significantly propelled by the GDP of the trading partners.
- the EU and US increased by 0.6% and 0.3%, respectively, for every per cent rise in GDP.
The EU FSRs on bananas did not adversely affect the propensity to export – enhanced by 0.6%.
- exporters are well informed about FSR requirements, upgraded and conform.
However, the US FSRs for bananas adversely impacted the probability to export
- by 3.0% for an additional per cent rise in the regulations.
Trade institutions significantly double (2.0%) the propensity to export to the EU but their enforcement
are insufficient for the US market.
16. #2023 AGRODEP CONFERENCE
5. Empirical Findings Cont.
Intensive margin: Fruits
Economic mass enhances fruit export to the EU (0.7%) and US (0.9%)
- implies that Africa’s economic size and the level of absorption of the commodity in the export
markets are sufficient to stimulate export.
The EU FSRs are not trade-inhibiting such that an additional per cent increase in FSR enhances export
by 5.3%.
- access to improved seeds and market information stimulates compliance via upgrading.
However, the US FSRs significantly inhibit fruit export by 4.3% for every per cent rise in FSRs.
- the inadequate synergy between retailing outlets and exporters contributed to non-compliance to
the US FSRs.
Trade regulatory institutions significantly enhance export access to the US but not to the EU market.
17. #2023 AGRODEP CONFERENCE
5. Empirical Findings Cont.
Intensive margin: Banana
The export is significantly propelled by the economic size.
- banana export to the EU is more than doubled (2.2%) for every per cent rise in the GDP.
However, for the US market, the economic size of Africa and the US is not a significant factor.
The EU FSRs on bananas did not significantly inhibit export flows – export was enhanced by 5.4%.
- this is partly attributed to the technical support from retailing firms, GLOBAL GAP, etc.
The US FSR adversely hinder banana export, though the US FSR is limited in preponderance.
- however, they are stringent in the content requirements and the costs of compliance.
Exporters significantly explore regulatory inefficiency and porous enforcement to export bananas to the EU.
The institution is insignificant for the US market access.
18. #2023 AGRODEP CONFERENCE
6. The Conclusions
This study finds evidence for neither simultaneous export-impeding nor export-enhancing effects of
FSR at the extensive and intensive export margins in the EU and US markets.
This implies that FSR cannot be referred to as trade barriers for Africa – particularly in the EU market.
The strengthening of the trade regulatory institution can propel fruit export to these markets.
Hence, an improved institutional capacity to inspect and enforce quality standards will reduce the
trade regulations challenges faced by Africa’s fruit exports in the EU and US and thereby enhance
market access that could contribute to sustainable development.